BUCKLING AND POST BUCKLING

OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

By
Shruti Deshpande

Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering

Supervising Committee
Dr. Kent Lawrence
Dr. Seiichi Nomura
Dr. B. P. Wang
 Agenda

-Introduction
- Literature Review

- Truss and Arch Members

- Shell Components

- Conclusion and Recommendation

 Introduction
Technological advancement is driving the need of structures that are

- Light Weight: Shells etc.

- Capable of carrying heavy load: Truss, energy absorbers etc.

 Problem Statement

Study of buckling and post buckling of structural components

using Finite Element analysis software ANSYS APDL and
ANSYS Workbench.

04/20/2010 4
 Structural Components

The following structural components are considered

for buckling analysis

Truss and Arch Members Shell Components

-Shallow Truss -Cylindrical Panel

- Clamped - Conical Frustum

- Hinged

-Diagonal Truss

- Shallow Arch
 Agenda

-Introduction

- Literature Review
- Truss and Arch Members

- Shell Components

- Conclusion and Recommendation

 Literature Review

A Study on Buckling of Thin Walled Conical Frusta under Axial Loads; N. K.

Gupta, N. Mohamad Sheriff, R. Velmurugan
- Conical frustum

- Post Buckling Behavior of Plates And Shells using a Mindlin Shallow Shell
Formulation; A Pica, R. D. Wood
- Shallow Truss
- Cylindrical Shell

- Analysis Techniques used in Non-linear analysis program ADINA

- Diagonal Truss
-Shallow Arch
 Agenda

-Introduction

- Literature Review

- Truss and Arch Members

- Shell Components

- Conclusion and Recommendation

 SHALLOW TRUSS - CLAMPED

Shallow Truss Geometry and Material Properties

W1
1

H2

H1
1

0.243 in

0.753 in

DIMENSIONS

H1 25.886 in
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
H2 12.943 in
Young’s Modulus 10.3 × 106 lb/in2
W1 0.386 in
 SHALLOW TRUSS - CLAMPED

Shallow Truss Mesh and Clamped Boundary

conditions
Element type: BEAM3
Number of Elements: 6
Non-linearity: Geometric

Displacement=-0.9 in

Fixed Fixed
 SHALLOW TRUSS - CLAMPED

Deformed Shape

1
DISPLACEMENT
STEP=1
SUB =24 NOV 20 2010
TIME=1 17:47:13
DMX =.900037

Y
Z X
 SHALLOW TRUSS - CLAMPED

Clamped Shallow Truss Results

Vertical Load (lb) Vs Horizontal

Vertical Load (lb) Vs Deflection (in)
Reaction (lb)

a b 1
2

04/20/2010 12
 SHALLOW TRUSS - HINGED

Shallow Truss Hinged Boundary conditions and

Mesh
Element type: LINK1
Non-linearity: Geometric

Displacement= -0.9

Hinged Hinged
 SHALLOW TRUSS - HINGED

Deformed Hinged Truss

1
DISPLACEMENT
STEP=1
SUB =24 NOV 20 2010
TIME=1 18:45:29
DMX =.900196

Y
Z X
 SHALLOW TRUSS - HINGED

Hinged Shallow Truss Results

Vertical Load (lb) Vs Horizontal

Vertical Load (lb) Vs Deflection (in) Reaction (lb)

a b

2 1
 DIAGONAL TRUSS

V1

H1

DIMENSIONS MATERIAL PROPERTIES

H1 48 in Young’s Modulus 3×107 psi 2.07×1011 Pa

V1 36 in Yield Stress 30,000 psi 2.07×108 Pa

Cross sectional Area 1 in² Tangent Modulus 3×105 psi 2.07×109 Pa

04/20/2010 16
 DIAGONAL TRUSS
Diagonal Truss Boundary conditions and Mesh

Element type: LINK1

Non-linearity: Geometric and Material

Node 6
Node 9

Node 1

04/20/2010 17
 Diagonal Truss

Deformed Truss

04/20/2010 18
 DIAGONAL TRUSS
RESULT

Load (lb) Vs Deflection (in)

04/20/2010 19
 Shallow Arch
Geometry and Material Properties

H
h

0.1875 in
1 in

DIMENSIONS

Cross Section Area 0.188 in²

Area Moment of Inertia 0.00055 in4

H 1.09 in
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
h 0.1875 in
Young’s Modulus 10×106 lb/in²
L 34 in
Poisson’s Ratio 0.2

04/20/2010 20
 Shallow Arch

Shallow Arch Boundary conditions and Mesh

Element type: LINK1

Non-linearity: Geometric

Displacement=-1.8 in

Fixed Fixed

04/20/2010 21
 Shallow Arch
Deformed Shape

04/20/2010 22
 Shallow Arch

Load (lb) Vs Deflection (in)

04/20/2010 23
 Agenda

-Introduction

- Literature Review

- Truss and Arch Members

- Shell Components
- Conclusion and Recommendation
 Cylindrical Panel

DIMENSIONS

Radius, r 2540 mm
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Length 580 mm
Young’s Modulus 3102.75 MPa
Thickness 12.7 mm
Poisson’s Ratio 0.3
Included angle of panel 0.2 radian

04/20/2010 25
 Cylindrical Panel

Mesh –
Element Type Shell 181
Non-linearity: Geometric

Displacement Force

04/20/2010 26
 Cylindrical Panel

Displacement at central node

Force Reaction
at central node

04/20/2010 27
 Cylindrical Panel

04/20/2010 28
 Cylindrical Panel
Deformed Shape with applied
Force

Observed deformation is
30.7 mm

04/20/2010 29
 Conical Frustrum

MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR FRUSTUM

ALUMINUM

Young’s Modulus 70 GN/m²

Dt
Poisson’s Ratio 0.35

Yield Stress 55 MPa

Tangent Modulus 4213 N/mm² 2α

Hc

MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR RIGID PLATE

STRUCTURAL STEEL

Young’s Modulus 200 GN/m²

Db
Poisson’s Ratio 0.3 t

DIMENSIONS

Specimen α(˚) Db Dt t Hc

C6 18 135 88 0.9 68

C25 23 165 89 0.65 88.1

C25 23 165 89 0.7 88.1

C18 24 152 90 0.9 68

C2 16 128 88 0.9 69

04/20/2010 30
 Conical Frustrum : SPECIMEN C6

Meshed Assembly
Element Type: Shell 181
Non-linearity: Geometric,
Material and
Contact

Rigid Plate

Boundary Conditions Flexible Cone

04/20/2010 31
 Conical Frustrum : SPECIMEN C6

Deformed Frustum

Force Reaction Evaluated at the

Contact Region

04/20/2010 32
 Conical Frustrum : SPECIMEN C6

Load Vs Displacement

04/20/2010 33
 Conical Frustrum : Results

ANSYS Workbench ANSYS APDL Experimental

Element Type Shell 181 Shell 143

Mesh Fine Mesh Coarse Mesh

Max Force
Specimen Max Force (kN) Avg Force (kN) Max Force (kN) Avg Force (kN)
(kN)

C6 9.3 5.9 8.2 5.5 3.4

C25(0.65) 5.8 3.1 4.4 13.7 4.9

C25 (0.7) 6.3 3.5 4.4 13.7 4.9

C18 7.7 5.1 12.7 8.35 5.5

C2 14.7 7.7 9.2 7.2 4

04/20/2010 34
 Comparison of Eigen Value Buckling Load with
Non-Linear Buckling Limit Load
Structural Non-Linear Buckling Eigen-value Buckling
Software Mode Shape
Component Limit Load Load

Shallow Truss - Clamped ANSYS APDL 33.3 lb 93.5 lb

Shallow Truss - Hinged ANSYS APDL 18 lb 35.8 lb

Diagonal Truss ANSYS APDL 18 kN 26 kN

Shallow Arch ANSYS APDL 35 lb 53.713 lb

04/20/2010 35
 Comparison of Eigen Value Buckling Load with
Non-Linear Buckling Limit Load
Structural Non-Linear Buckling Eigen-value Buckling Mode Shape
Software
Component Limit Load Load

Cylindrical Panel ANSYS Workbench 2.2 kN 2.7 kN

Conical frustum –
ANSYS Workbench 9.3 kN 17.84 kN
Specimen C6

Conical frustum –
ANSYS Workbench 6.3 kN 7.5 kN
Specimen C25

Conical frustum –
ANSYS Workbench 7.7 kN 13.65 kN
Specimen C18

Conical frustum –
ANSYS Workbench 14.7 kN 20.4 kN
Specimen C25

04/20/2010 36
 Agenda

-Introduction

- Literature Review

- Truss and Arch Members

- Shell Components

- Conclusion and Recommendation

 Conclusion
Conclusion for Post-Buckling Analysis

Display Post-buckling behavior

shallow truss
When critical point of the structure is reached
shallow truss the structure does not become unstable and
buckle immediately. After the critical point,
shallow arch snap through occurs and the structure goes
from one stable point to another point which
cylindrical shell corresponds to the same critical load value but a
new structural shape.
conical frustum

Displays Bifurcation buckling

When critical point is reached, the load and the

Diagonal Truss
corresponding deformation go on increasing
resulting into failure of the truss.

04/20/2010 38
 Conclusion

Conclusion for comparison of Eigen value buckling load

and critical limit load

Structural Component Eigen-value Buckling Load

shallow truss

shallow truss - Eigen Value buckling load is that load value at which

shallow arch the structure becomes unstable and fails immediately.

- The Eigen value Buckling load is found to be higher
cylindrical shell
that the critical limit load value in the case of each
conical frustum structure.

Diagonal Truss

04/20/2010 39
 Future Recommendation

• The post-buckling study can be extended to micro sized structures

used in micro-electromechanical systems.

• Sensitivity analysis of the Truss, Arch and Shell structural

components can be accomplished using ANSYS.

04/20/2010 40
Any Questions ???
Thank You