Coordinates: 30°11′23″N 120°11′25″E

Alibaba Group
Alibaba Group Holding Limited (Chinese: 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司; pinyin:
Alibaba Group Holding
Ālǐbābā Jítuán Kònggǔ Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Chinese multinational conglomerate
Limited
holding company specializing in e-commerce, retail, Internet and technology.
Founded 4 April 1999, the company provides consumer-to-consumer (C2C),
business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales services via web
portals, as well as electronic payment services, shopping search engines and cloud
computing services. It owns and operates a diverse array of businesses around the
world in numerous sectors, and is named as one of the world's most admired
companies by Fortune.[3][4]

At closing time on the date of its initial public offering (IPO) – US$25 billion – the
world's highest in history, 19 September 2014, Alibaba's market value was US$231 "Taobao City", the main corporate
billion.[5] As of 19 December 2018, Alibaba's market cap stood at US$352.28 campus for Alibaba Group at Xixi,
billion.[6] It is one of the top 10 most valuable and biggest companies in the Hangzhou.
world.[7] In January 2018, Alibaba became the second Asian company to break the Type Public
US$500 billion valuation mark, after its competitor Tencent.[8] As of 2018, Alibaba Traded as NYSE: BABA
has the 9th highest globalbrand value.[9]
ISIN US01609W1027
Alibaba is the world's largest retailer and e-commerce company, one of the largest Industry Conglomerate
Internet and AI companies, one of the biggest venture capital firms, and one of the
Founded 4 April 1999
biggest investment corporations in the world.[10][11][12][13][14] The company hosts Hangzhou,
the largest B2B (Alibaba.com), C2C (Taobao), and B2C (Tmall) marketplaces in the Zhejiang
world.[15][16] Its online sales and profits surpassed all US retailers (including Jack Ma
Founder
Walmart, Amazon and eBay) combined since 2015.[17] It has been expanding into Peng Lei
the media industry, with revenues rising by triple percentage points year on
Headquarters No. 969 West Wen
year.[18][19] It also sets the record on the 2018 edition of China's Singles' Day, the Yi Road[1], Yuhang
world's biggest online and offline shopping day.[20][21] District, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, China
Area served Worldwide
Contents Key people Jack Ma
(Executive Chairman)
Naming
Joseph Tsai
History
(Executive Vice
Companies and affiliated entities Chairman)
E-commerce and retail service platforms
Cloud computing and AI technology
J. Michael Evans
(President)
FinTech and online payment platforms
Entertainment services Daniel Zhang
Internet services (CEO)
Others E-commerce ·
Products
Corporate governance Cloud computing ·
Controversies Entertainment ·
Gold Supplier membership Mobile commerce ·
Uranium sales Retail · Mobile
Counterfeit items and scams media · Films · TV
Class action on IPO shows
 See also Services Alibaba.com ·
References
Alibaba Cloud ·
AliExpress · AliOS ·
External links
Alipay · AliGenie ·
Taobao · Tmall
Revenue CN¥376.844
Naming billion (US$56.152
The company's name came from the character Ali Baba from the Middle Eastern billion, 2019)[2]
folk tale collection One Thousand and One Nights because of its universal Operating CN¥57.084
appeal.[22] As Jack Ma, one of the founders, explained:
income billion (US$8.506
billion, 2019)[2]
One day I was in San Francisco in a coffee shop, and I was thinking Net income CN¥80.234
Alibaba is a good name. And then a waitress came, and I said, "Do billion (US$11.955
you know about Alibaba?" And she said yes. I said, "What do you
billion, 2019)[2]
know about?", and she said, "Open Sesame". And I said, "Yes, this is Total assets CN¥965.076
the name!" Then I went on to the street and found 30 people and billion (US$143.801
billion, 2019)[2]
asked them, "Do you know Alibaba?" People from India, people
from Germany, people from Tokyo and China ... they all knew about Total equity CN¥608.583
Alibaba. Alibaba – open sesame. Alibaba is a kind, smart business
billion (US$90.681
billion, 2018)[2]
person, and he helped the village. So ... easy to spell, and globally
known. Alibaba opens sesame for small- to medium-sized Number of 101,958 (March 31,
employees 2019)[2]
companies. We also registered the name "Alimama", in case
someone wants to marry us!"[23][24] Subsidiaries See companies and
affiliated entities
Website www.alibabagroup
History .com

On 4 April 1999, Jack Ma and his team of 17 friends and students founded Alibaba Group
Alibaba.com, a China-based B2B marketplace site, in his Hangzhou apartment. In
October 1999, Alibaba received a US$25 million investment from Goldman Sachs
and SoftBank. Alibaba.com was expected to improve the domestic e-commerce
market and perfect an e-commerce platform for Chinese enterprises, especially small Simplified Chinese 阿里巴巴集团
and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs), to help export Chinese products to the global
Traditional Chinese 阿里巴巴集團
market as well as address World Trade Organization (WTO) challenges. In 2002,
Alibaba.com became profitable three years after launch. Ma wanted to improve the Transcriptions
global e-commerce system, so from 2003 onward, Alibaba launched Taobao Standard Mandarin
Marketplace, Alipay, Alimama.com, and Lynx.[25][26] Hanyu Pinyin Ālǐbābā Jítuán
IPA [á.lì.pá.pá tɕǐ.tʰwǎn]
When eBay announced its expansion into China in 2003, Ma viewed the American
company as a foreign competitor and rejected eBay's buyout of Alibaba's subsidiary Yue: Cantonese
Taobao. Through applying existing technologies and gaining trust in the Chinese e- Yale Aléihbābā
commerce market, as well as expanding through dominating the market at a loss Romanization Jaahptyùhn
before making a return on additional services, Alibaba's subsidiaries outperformed Jyutping Aa3leoi5baa1baa1
eBay in the Chinese e-commerce market, claiming a growing percentage of zaap6tyun4
consumers from eBay. Alibaba subsidiary Taobao would later force eBay out of the
Chinese market, with eBay closing its unprofitable China Web unit, though the two companies would break even six years
later.[25][27][28]

In 2005, Yahoo! invested in Alibaba, buying a 40% stake in the company for US$1 billion.[25][28] This would as a result net in
ahoo!.[27]
US$10 billion in Alibaba's IPO alone to Y
According to Li Chuan, a senior executive at Alibaba, the company was planning in 2013 to open traditional brick and mortar retail
outlets in partnership with Chinese real estate company Wanda Group.[29] Additionally, Alibaba purchased a 25% stake in Hong
[30] In early 2017, Alibaba and Intime's founder Shen Guojun
Kong-listed Chinese department store chain Intime Retail in early 2014.
agreed to pay as much as HK$19.8 billion (US$2.6 billion) to take the store chain private. Alibaba's stake—28% from 2014's US$692
[31]
million investment—would rise to about 74% after the deal.

In April 2014, Alibaba, Coatue Management, and Andreessen Horowitz led a US$250 million Series D financing round that was
completed by on-demand transportation company Lyft, bringing its total amount raised to $332.5 million.[28][32] On 5 June 2014,
Alibaba bought a 50% stake of Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. from Evergrande Real Estate Group Ltd. in a deal that was worth 1.2
billion yuan (US$192 million).[28][33] On 5 September 2014, the group—in a regulatory filing with the US Securities and Exchange
Commission—set a US$60- to $66- per-share price range for its scheduled initial public offering (IPO), the final price of which
would be determined after an international roadshow to gauge the investor interest in Alibaba shares to shareholders. On 18
September 2014, Alibaba's IPO priced at US$68, raising US$21.8 billion for the company and investors. Alibaba was the biggest US
IPO in history, bigger than Google, Facebook, and Twitter combined.[34][35][36] On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's shares (BABA)
began trading on the NYSE at an opening price of $92.70 at 11:55 am EST. On 22 September 2014, Alibaba's underwriters
announced their confirmation that they had exercised a greenshoe option to sell 15% more shares than originally planned, boosting
the total amount of the IPO to $25 billion.[37][38]

In January 2017, Alibaba and the International Olympic Committeejointly announced a $800 million deal that would last till 2028 in
where the company would sponsor theOlympic Games.[28][39]

In September 2018, Jack Ma, the main founder of Alibaba, announced that he would step down as chairman in a year's time so he
could focus on philanthropy.[40] In response to the announcement, The Economist stated that Ma had a significant impact in China
[41]
and worldwide via contributions and dedication to various businesses.

Companies and affiliated entities

E-commerce and retail service platforms

In 1999, Jack Ma launched the primary business of Alibaba, Alibaba.com, while
working as an English teacher in Hangzhou. Alibaba.com later became the
world's largest online B2B trading platform for small businesses as of 2014.[43]
Alibaba.com has three main services: the English language portal Alibaba.com,
which handles sales between importers and exporters from more than 240
countries and regions,[44] the Chinese portal 1688.com, which manages
domestic B2B trade in China, and transaction-based retail website
AliExpress.com（ 全 球 速 卖 通 ） , which allows smaller buyers to buy small Alibaba Binjiang Campus in Hangzhou,
quantities of goods at wholesale prices.[45] Alibaba.com went public at the Hong headquarters for Alibaba's B2B
service.[42]
Kong Stock Exchange in 2007, and was delisted again in 2012.[46] In 2013,
1688.com launched a direct channel that was responsible for $30 million in daily
transaction value.[47]

In 2003, Alibaba launched Taobao Marketplace ( 淘 宝 网 ), offering a variety of products for retail sale. Taobao grew to become
China's largest C2C online shopping platform and later became the second most visited web site in China, according to Alexa
Internet.[48][49] Taobao's growth was attributed to offering free registration and commission-free transactions using a free third-party
payment platform.[50] Advertising made up 85 percent of the company's total revenue, allowing it to break even in 2009. In 2010,
Taobao's profit was estimated to be ¥1.5 billion (US$235.7 million), which was only about 0.4 percent of their total sales figure of
¥400 billion (US$62.9 billion) that year, way below the industry average of 2 percent, according to iResearch estimates.[50]
According to Zhang Yu, the director of Taobao, between 2011 and 2013, the number of stores on Taobao with annual sales under
¥100 thousand increased by 60%; the number of stores with sales between ¥10 thousand and ¥1 million increased by 30%, and the
[51]
number of stores with sales over ¥1 million increased by 33%.

In April 2008, Taobao introduced a spin-off, Taobao Mall (淘宝商城, later Tmall.com), an online retail platform to complement the
Taobao C2C portal, offering global brands to an increasingly affluent Chinese consumer base. It became the eighth most visited web
site in China as of 2013.[52] In 2012, Tmall.com later changed its Chinese name to Tianmao ( 天猫, "sky cat"), reflecting off of
Tmall's Chinese pronunciation.[53] In March 2010, Taobao launched the group shopping website Juhuasuan (聚划算), offering "flash
sales", which are products that are available at a discount for only a fixed time period. In October 2010,aobao
T beta-launched eTao, a
comparison shopping website that offers search results from mostly Chinese online shopping platforms,[54] including product
searches, sales and coupon searches. According to the Alibaba Group web site, eTao offers products from Amazon China, Dangdang,
Gome, Yihaodian, Nike China, and Vancl, as well as Taobao and Tmall.[44] As part of a restructuring of Taobao by Alibaba, these
spin-offs became separate companies in 2011, with Tmall and eTao becoming separate businesses in June and Juhuasuan becoming a
separate business later in October.[55]

In 2010, Alibaba launched AliExpress.com, an online retail service made up of mostly small Chinese businesses offering products to
international online buyers. It is the most visited e-commerce website in Russia.[56] It allows small businesses in China to sell to
customers all over the world, resulting in a wide variety of products. It might be more accurate to compare AliExpress to eBay,
though, as sellers are independent; it simply serves as a host for other businesses to sell to consumers.[57] Similar to eBay, sellers on
Aliexpress can be either companies or individuals. It connects directly Chinese businesses with buyers. The main difference from
[58]
Taobao is that it's aimed primarily at international buyers, mainly in USA, Russia, Brazil or Spain.

In 2013, Alibaba and six large Chinese logistics companies (including SF Express) established a company called Cainiao for delivery
of packages in China. This network gradually grew to 14 local logistics companies in 2014.[59] In 2016, Alibaba's Taobao and Tmall,
two of the world's largest and most popular online retail marketplaces, achieved a total transaction volume of 3 trillion yuan
(US$478.6 billion). The company aims to double the transaction volume to 6 trillion yuan by 2020. As of February 2018, Taobao
reached 580 million monthly active users, while Tmall achieved 500 million monthly active users.[60][61][62] It is also rapidly
expanding its e-commerce network abroad.[63] Alibaba has also announced that it will invest 100 billion yuan over five years to build
a global logistics network, underpinning an aggressive overseas expansion, and demonstrating Alibaba's commitment to building the
most efficient logistics network in China and around the world. It is investing a further 5.3 billion yuan in Cainiao Logistics to boost
its stake to 51 percent from 47 percent.[64] The investment would value Cainiao, a joint venture of top Chinese logistics firms, at
around US$20 billion.[65]

On 11 June 2014, Alibaba launched US shopping site 11 Main. The 11 Main marketplace hosts more than 1,000 merchants in
categories such as clothing, fashion accessories and jewelry as well as interior goods and arts and crafts and it plans to keep adding
more, said the company.[66][67] On 23 June 2015, Alibaba announced that it is selling 11 Main to OpenSky, an online-marketplace
operator based in New York.[68]

On April 2016, Alibaba announced that it intended to acquire a controlling interest in Lazada by paying $500 million for new shares
and buying $500M worth of shares from existing investors.[69] Lazada Group is a Singaporean e-commerce company founded by
Rocket Internet in 2011. Lazada operates sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its sites
launched in March 2012, with a business model of selling inventory to customers from its own warehouses. In 2013 it added a
marketplace model that allowed third-party retailers to sell their products through Lazada's site. Lazada features a wide product
offering in categories ranging from consumer electronics to household goods, toys, fashion and sports equipment. In March 2018,
Alibaba announced its plan to invest an additional $2 billion in the company, totaling a $4 billion investment. Alibaba also plans to
appoint Alibaba co-founderLucy Peng as Lazada's new CEO.[70]

On October 2016, Alibaba launched Alitrip, later named Fliggy, an online travel platform that is designed as an online mall for
brands such as airline companies and agencies.[71][72] Fliggy set the target audience as younger generation and it strives to become a
one-stop service when they plan their trips, particularly in overseas travel.[73] On 7 August 2017, Alibaba Group and Marriott
International hotel group announced a comprehensive strategic co-operation. Two companies will set up a joint venture company.
Through the docking technology system and the superiority resources, Fliggy has
Marriott hotel flagship store. It has the same function with Marriott Chinese website
and Marriott mobile app to create the best global travel experience for
consumers.[74]

In 2017, Alibaba started opening a chain of supermarkets, named Hema (盒马, lit.
box horse), as part of the company's "new retail strategy," where customers can
either order in the store or online for delivery in under 30 minutes. It offers a mobile
app that recommends customers products based on data analytics.[75] In addition,
Lazada warehouse in Cabuyao,
customers can have their groceries cooked to eat in the food court of the Laguna, Philippines during the
supermarket.[76] company's 11.11 sale promotion in
2018. Lazada Group is a subsidiary
Alibaba can ship parcels across all countries except for Argentina, Azerbaijan, of Alibaba Group and Alibaba co-
Brazil, Central African Republic, Cuba, Ecuador, Iran, Korea, Liberia, Libya, founder Lucy Peng Lei is CEO of the
Macedonia, Micronesia, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Uruguay, company.
Venezuela and Yemen.[77]

Cloud computing and AI technology

In conjunction with the company's 10th anniversary, Alibaba launched Alibaba Cloud in September 2009, aiming to build a cloud
computing service platform, including e-commerce data mining, e-commerce data processing, and data customization.[44] It has
R&D centres and operators in Hangzhou, Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, Silicon Valley[78] and Dubai.[79] In July 2014, Alibaba
Cloud entered into a partnership deal with Inspur. Alibaba Cloud is the largest high-end cloud computing company in China.[80] In
2009, Alibaba acquired HiChina, the largest domain registration service and web hosting service company in China, and built it into
Alibaba Cloud.[81] On 28 July 2011, Alibaba Cloud released AliOS (formerly Yun OS and Aliyun OS), a Linux distribution designed
for mobile devices.[82] In the 2017 Computing Conference in Hangzhou, Alibaba launched AliGenie, a China-based open-platform
intelligent personal assistant. It is currently used in theTmall Genie smart speaker.[83]

FinTech and online payment platforms

In 2004, the Alibaba Group launched Alipay, a third-party online payment platform
with no transaction fees. It also provides an escrow service, in which buyers can
verify whether they are happy with goods they have bought before releasing money
to the seller.[50] Alibaba Group spun off Alipay in 2010 in a controversial move.[84]
According to analyst research report, Alipay has the biggest market share in China
with 300 million users and control of just under half of China's online payment
Food ordered with Alipay
market in February 2014.[85] In 2013, Alipay launched a financial product platform
called Yu'ebao (余额宝).[86] In 2015, Alibaba announced that they will introduce a
system that can be paid by recognizing the owner's face.[87][88] On 16 October 2014, the Alipay company was re-branded as Ant
Financial Services.[89]

One of the factors for Alibaba's success in this platform is the company's quick and reliable payment system, where it offers several
types of payment systems such as credit card, debit card, Alipay, Quick-pay, and online banking. These payment systems help to
cope with simultaneous cash flow transactions with ease and convenience. Ant Financial was ranked sixth in Fortune's Change the
World list, recognized for the positive green environmental impact of its Ant Forest, the world's largest platform for tracking
individuals' carbon footprints. Ant Financial and its partners have achieved considerable success in the reduction of CO2
emissions.[90][91] Ant Financial is the highest valued fintech company in the world, and the world's most valuable unicorn (start-up)
company, with a valuation of US$150 billion.[92][93][94]

Entertainment services
Alibaba created a new live entertainment business unit under its Digital Media and Entertainment Group which focuses on
ticketing, content creation and live experiences, bringing its entertainment ticketing platform Damai and its content creation and
technology units MaiLive and Maizuo under one roof. It aims to provide a platform for live events (e.g. concerts, plays, eSports and
sports events), as well as supporting content partners and leveraging Alibaba's data capability for offline shows.[95][96] It also
[97]
provides an online digital distribution service9Apps, which hosts the huge amount of content and applications for downloads.

In March 2014, Alibaba agreed to acquire a controlling stake in ChinaVision Media Group for $804 million. The two firms
announced they would establish a strategic committee for potential future opportunities in online entertainment and other media
areas.[98] The company was renamed Alibaba Pictures Group.[99] In March 2015, Alibaba Group launched AliMusic as its music
division. Xiami Music and Tiantian Music are two of music steaming APP owned by AliMusic. AliMusic named Gao Xiaosong as
the chairman and Song Ke as Chief Executive Officer in July 2015.[100] In 2017, Tencent Music has expected $10bn IPO by signing
a rights deal with Alibaba, strengthening its position within the important Chinese market. Under the terms of the deal Alibaba will
gain the right to stream music from international labels such as Sony Music, Universal Music Group and YG Entertainment, which
already have exclusive deals with Tencent, in return for offering to its catalogue from Rock Records, HIM International Musicand so
on.[101] In April 2014, Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital, a private equity company controlled by Alibaba's founder, Jack Ma, agreed to
acquire a combined 18.5 percent stake in Youku Tudou, which broadcasts a series of popular television programs and other videos
over the Internet.[102]

Internet services
In 2004, the Alibaba Group released Aliwangwang, an instant messaging software service for interactions between customer and
online sellers. By 2014, there are 50 million Aliwangwang users, making it the second largest instant messaging tool in China.[103] In
October 2013, the Alibaba's chairman Jack Ma announced that the Alibaba Group would no longer use Tencent's messaging
application WeChat, and would henceforth promote its own messaging application and service, Laiwang.[104] In April 2014, Alibaba
Group and UCWeb, a Chinese provider of mobile internet software technology and services, launched Shenma (神马), a mobile-only
search engine, as part of a joint venture.[105][106] Later in June, the Alibaba Group acquired UCWeb, with an international product
portfolio that includes a mobile browsing service (UC Browser), app and game distribution platforms (9Apps and 9Game), a mobile
traffic platform (UC Union) and UC News that primarily caters to all types of news in the India market (as an aggregator) among
others.[107][108][109][110][111][112] Alibaba's Y Projects Business Unit developed the Xuexi Qiangguo app, which is used to teach Xi
Jinping Thought.[113]

In October 2005, Alibaba Group formed a strategic partnership with Yahoo! and acquired Yahoo! China, a Chinese portal previously
launched on 24 September 1999 that focuses on Internet services like news, email, and search.[114] In April 2013, Alibaba Group
announced that, as part of the agreement to buy back the Yahoo! Mail stake, that they would suspend technological support for China
Yahoo! Mail service and begin migration of Yahoo! China Mail accounts. Several options were offered to users to make the transition
as smooth as possible, and Yahoo! China users had four months to migrate their accounts to the Aliyun mail service, the Yahoo! Mail
[115] Yahoo! China closed its mail service on
service in the United States, or to another third-party e-mail provider of the user's choice.
19 August 2013. E-mails sent to Yahoo! China accounts could be forwarded to an Alimail box until 31 December 2014. Users were
also allowed to transfer e-mail accounts to yahoo.com or any other e-mail service. It is estimated there are no more than a million
users with Yahoo! Mail for China and chances arethey also own other e-mail accounts.[116]

Others
In 2014, Alibaba and Yunfeng Capital, a private equity firm, launched AliHealth when the two companies bought a 54% stake in
CITIC 21CN for HK$1.33 billion (US$171 million).[117][118] It is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as SEHK: 241. It
positions itself as a pharmaceutical e-commerce business and medical services. In the same year, Alibaba acquired Chinese map
supplier AutoNavi.[119] In April 2015, the group also reached an agreement to transfer its online B2C pharmacy, Tmall Medical
(yao.Tmall.com), to AliHealth. The integration provides consumers a wide range of pharmaceutical and health products available in
China.[120] In 2015, Alibaba later launched its Shanghai-based sports division, AliSports, after a consolidation of some of the parent
company's existing business units.[121] The new company's operations encompass television and digital sports rights, event operation,
venue commercialization, copyright, media, business development, gaming, and ticketing.[121] AliSports secured exclusive title
sponsorship of the FIFA Club World Cup from 2015 to 2022.[122] The company announced a Champion of Champions rugby sevens
fered in the sport.[123]
tournament in 2017, to be played in Shanghai for the highest prize money ever of

In December 2015, Alibaba agreed to a deal to acquire the South China Morning Post and other media assets belonging to the group
for a consideration of $266 million. Although Alibaba promised editorial independence, vice-chairman Joseph Tsai said that Alibaba
believes that "the world needs a plurality of views when it comes to China coverage. China's rise as an economic power and its
importance to world stability is too important for there to be a singular thesis."[124] The acquisition attracted media concerns over
[125]
what this would mean for the newspaper's coverage.

Other subsidiaries of Alibaba include Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital and Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund. Hangzhou Ali Venture Capital
(杭州阿里创业投资) is a company 80% owned by Jack Ma and another manager of Alibaba. For regulatory purpose, Alibaba Group
did not own the company directly, but by pleading. It was considered as a subsidiary and/or consolidated entity of Alibaba
Group.[126] Ali Venture Capital is a shareholder ofBeijing Enlight Media[127] and a domestic shareholder of China Unicom.[128] The
[129]
Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund is a non-profit making initiative launched by Alibaba Group in 2015.

Alibaba also has invested in more than 10 startups in Hong Kong including DayDayCook,[130] GoGoVan,[131] WeLend[132] and
Qupital.[133][134]

Corporate governance
Alibaba's main founder Jack Ma is the executive chairman of the Alibaba Group
since its creation. Joseph Tsai is Alibaba's executive vice-chairman since 2013.
Daniel Zhang is Alibaba's CEO since 2015.[135] J. Michael Evans is Alibaba's
president since 2015.[136] The board of directors of Alibaba includes top
management Jack Ma, Joseph Tsai, Daniel Zhang, and J. Michael Evans, directors
Eric Jing and Masayoshi Son (founder and CEO of SoftBank), and independent
directors such as Chee Hwa Tung, Walter Kwauk, Börje E. Ekholm, and Wan Ling
Martello, as well as Yahoo! co-founder and former CEO Jerry Yang.[137] Besides
Ma, Tsai, Zhang, and Evans, senior management also includes Maggie Wu (CFO)
Judy Tong (CPO), Jeff Zhang (CTO and President of Alibaba Cloud Intelligence),
Sophie Wu (CCO), Tim Steinert (General Counsel and Secretary), Jessie Zheng
(CRO and CRGO/Chief Platform Governance Officer), Angel Zhao (Head of
Alibaba Globalization Leadership Group), Chris Tung (CMO), Trudy Dai (President
of Wholesale Marketplaces), Fan Jiang (President of Taobao.com), and Jet Jing
(President of Tmall.com). Jack Ma, founder and Executive
Chairman of the Alibaba Group
Previously, Jack Ma served as the CEO of the Alibaba Group since its creation, but
later stepped down on 2013, choosing Jonathan Lu as his successor.[138][139] The
Alibaba Group under Lu was performing well, though there were rumors that Ma was growing distrustful in Lu's ability to lead the
company.[140][141] Daniel Zhang, who served as COO of Alibaba under Lu, succeeded Lu as CEO in 2015.[142] On 10 September
2018, Ma chose Zhang to succeed him as executive chairman of the Alibaba Group after his stepping down announcement, and this
would go into effect in 1 year on 10 September 2019.[143]

Controversies

Gold Supplier membership

Alibaba.com offers a paid Gold Supplier membership to try to ensure that each seller is genuine; sellers' Gold Supplier status and the
number of years it has been held are displayed.[144] The supplier verification types and checks are listed on Alibaba.com's website,
with more stringent checks for sellers outside China.[145] While the majority of suppliers are reported to be genuine, there have been
many cases of sellers, some with Gold Supplier status, seeking to defraud unsuspecting buyers.[146] In February 2011, controversy
ensued when Alibaba's corporate office admitted that it had granted the mark of integrity of its "China Gold Supplier" program to
more than 2,000 dealers that had subsequently defrauded buyers; the firm's share price dropped "abruptly" after the
announcement.[147] A statement from the firm reported that Yan Limin, the general manager of Alibaba.com at the time, had been
dismissed in March for "misconduct"; Phil Muncaster of UK's The Register additionally reported that "a further 28 employees had
been involved in dodgy dealings".[148]

As the Economist noted, the company's response has conflicting components: Alibaba's promulgated view that its corrective actions
indicate its commitment to quality and integrity (where it contrasts itself with other scandal-associated Chinese business sectors),
versus a damage control view suggesting that the subscription-driven, third-party verified "China Gold Supplier" program was
endangered by diminished trust in its endorsement system, removing the incentive for global buyers to choose Alibaba as their
business-to-business service, thus more broadly endangering Alibaba through impact on its brand and capabilities (the latter via the
"defenestration of senior people").[147] The scandal was said to have placed the head of Alibaba Group, Jack Ma—who was
[149]
described as having been furious over the scandal—in a position to personally fight to win back trust.

Uranium sales
In May 2012, a US law enforcement agent posing as an American broker representing persons in Iran posted an advertisement on
Alibaba.com seeking to purchase uranium. In August 2013, Patrick Campbell of Sierra Leone was arrested at New York's John F.
Kennedy International Airport. Samples of raw uranium ore were allegedly found concealed in the soles of his shoes. Campbell was
accused of seeking to arrange the export of 1,000 tonnes of yellowcake from Sierra Leone to the Iranian port of Bandar Abbas,
packed in drums and disguised as the mineral chromite.[150] It was later determined that the samples contained an insignificant
[151]
amount of uranium, and Campbell was acquitted at trial.

Counterfeit items and scams

Alibaba is frequently associated with fraudulent import of counterfeit items: in 2016, the Office of the United States Trade
Representative added Taobao back onto a list of notorious counterfeit platforms that includes the likes of torrent site The Pirate
Bay.[152]

Alibaba denied wrongdoing and started timid action against counterfeiters with only two lawsuits filed as of January 4, 2017,[153] but
[154]
brands suffering from the counterfeit products continue to blame Alibaba for not doing what it takes to fight the issue.

Class action on IPO

Alibaba and the underwriters of its IPO were sued in California in a consolidated class action lawsuit.[155] The lawsuit was brought
in San Mateo Superior Court in October 2015 on behalf of investors who purchased Alibaba's American Depositary Shares, and it
alleged violations of the Securities Act.[156] Alibaba reached a settlement agreement in December 2018, subject to court approval, in
[155][157][158]
which it agreed to pay $75 million to settle the lawsuit.

See also
Alibaba's major competitors in China are (in order of significance)

Tencent

WeChat (a Tencent subsidiary)

Baidu
Toutiao
References
1. "Our offices" (https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/contact/offices). Alibaba Group. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
"Alibaba (China) Co., Ltd: 969 West Wen Yi Road, Yu Hang District, Hangzhou 311121"
2. "Alibaba Group Announces March Quarter 2019 and Full Fiscal ear
Y 2019 Results" (https://www.alibabagroup.com/e
n/news/press_pdf/p190515.pdf)(PDF). Retrieved 15 May 2019.
3. "Alibaba Named to FORTUNE's World's Most Admired Companies List | Alizila.com"(http://www.alizila.com/alibaba-
named-fortunes-worlds-admired-companies-list/)
. Alizila.com. 19 January 2018.
4. McClay, Rebecca (25 July 2017)."10 Companies Owned by Alibaba"(https://www.investopedia.com/insights/10-com
panies-owned-alibaba/). Investopedia.
5. Baker, Lianna B.; Toonkel, Jessica; Vlastelica, Ryan (19 September 2014).Orlofsky, Steve; Adler, Leslie (eds.).
"Alibaba surges 38 percent on massive demand in market debut"(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-ipo/alib
aba-surges-38-percent-on-massive-demand-in-market-debut-idUSKBN0HD2CO20140919) . Reuters. Retrieved
12 October 2017.
6. "Alibaba Group Holding Market Cap (BABA)"(https://ycharts.com/companies/BABA/market_cap)
. ycharts.com.
7. "Beijing's battle to control its homegrown tech giants"(http://www.todayonline.com/world/beijings-battle-control-its-ho
megrown-tech-giants). TODAYonline.
8. "Alibaba market value hits the $500 billion valuation mark · echNode"
T (https://technode.com/2018/01/25/alibaba-50
0-million-market-cap/). TechNode. 25 January 2018.
9. "China Now Has 2 of the Top 10 Most Valuable Brands in the World For the First Time" (http://fortune.com/2018/05/2
9/chinese-brands-alibaba-tencent-brandz/). Fortune.
10. "Huge Rounds, Heated Competition: How T
encent & Alibaba Are Defining VC In China - Crunchbase News"(https://
news.crunchbase.com/news/huge-rounds-heated-competition-tencent-alibaba-defining-vc-china/)
. Crunchbase
News.
11. McLaughlin, Bay. "This Week In China Tech: Alibaba Brings AI To Pig Farming And Retail Tech On The Rise" (http
s://www.forbes.com/sites/baymclaughlin/2018/02/14/this-week-in-china-tech-alibaba-brings-ai-to-pig-farming-and-ret
ail-tech-on-the-rise/). Forbes.
12. McLaughlin, Bay. "This Week In China Tech: Alibaba Buys Chip Maker, Face Scans To Board Planes, And More"(htt
ps://www.forbes.com/sites/baymclaughlin/2018/05/02/this-week-in-china-tech-alibaba-buys-chip-maker-face-scans-t
o-board-planes-and-more/). Forbes.
13. McLaughlin, Bay. "This Week In China Tech: Alibaba Invests 1 Trillion Yuan And China Battles Against Google's
AlphaGo" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/baymclaughlin/2018/05/09/this-week-in-china-tech-alibaba-invests-1-trillion-
yuan-and-china-battles-against-googles-alphago/). Forbes.
14. "How Alibaba is using AI to power the future of business"(https://www.cmo.com.au/article/641280/how-alibaba-using
-ai-power-future-business/).
15. "Alibaba's Nine Biggest Competitors in Asia"(https://www.globalfromasia.com/alibaba-competitors/). Global From
Asia. 23 August 2018.
16. "Alexa Top 500 Global Sites" (https://www.alexa.com/topsites). www.alexa.com.
17. Cheng, Allen (25 July 2017)."Alibaba vs. The World" (https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1505pjf8xsy75/ali
baba-vs-the-world). Institutional Investor. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
18. "Alibaba generates more revenue than Amazon and eBay combined"(https://www.rt.com/business/365103-alibaba-r
evenues-profits-rise/). RT International.
19. "Alibaba Becomes World's Most Valuable Retail Brand | News | Apparel Magazine(AM)"(https://apparelmag.com/alib
aba-becomes-worlds-most-valuable-retail-brand). apparelmag.com.
20. Pham, Sherisse (10 November 2018)."Alibaba Singles Day sales top $30 billion"(https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/10/t
ech/alibaba-singles-day/index.html). CNN. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
21. "Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem" (https://www.techinasia.com/china-singles-day-2017-record-sp
ending). www.techinasia.com.
22. "Alibaba's IPO Filing: Everything You Need to Know – Digits – WSJ" (https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/05/06/alibaba
s-ipo-filing-everything-you-need-to-know/). blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
23. "Where did Alibaba, the brand name, come from?"(http://www.wordlab.com/2007/10/where-did-alibaba-the-brand-na
me-come-from/). Wordlab. 15 October 2007.
24. https://web.archive.org/web/20070227023026/ – The original forum post referred to in the wordlab article; it doesnot
appear to have been posted by Alibaba staff (http://resources.alibaba.com/topic/19446/Where_did_Alibaba_the_bra
nd_name_come_from_.htm)
25. Popovic, Stevan (4 May 2014)."Jack Ma: The man leading the Chinese e-commerce market"(http://www.hottopics.h
t/stories/consumer/jack-ma-the-man-leading-the-chinese-e-commerce-market/)
. Hot Topics.
26. "Alibaba Group" (https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/about/history). www.alibabagroup.com. Retrieved 17 January
2019.
27. "The Rags-to-Riches Life Story of Alibaba Founder Jack Ma"(https://www.inc.com/business-insider/alibaba-jack-ma-
life-story.html). Inc.com. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
28. Chen, Lilu Yilun (19 November 2017)."Quicktake - Alibaba" (https://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/alibaba).
www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
29. Hsu, Alex (3 July 2013)."Alibaba to Open Brick and Mortar Stores in W anda Plazas Across China"(https://web.archi
ve.org/web/20131013150400/http://bw-original-reporting.tumblr.com/post/54526405940/alibaba-to-open-brick-and-m
ortar-stores-in-wanda-plazas). BrightWire News. Archived from the original (http://bw-original-reporting.tumblr.com/p
ost/54526405940/alibaba-to-open-brick-and-mortar-stores-in-wanda-plazas) on 13 October 2013.
30. Mozur, Paul; Esther Fung (31 March 2014)."Alibaba to Pay $692 Million for Stake in Intime Retail"(https://www.wsj.c
om/articles/SB10001424052702304157204579472243618362248) . Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 23 September
2014.
31. Lin, Liza; Nathan Becker (January 10, 2017),"Alibaba Bags Chinese Retailer Intime in $2.6 Billion Deal"
(subscription) (https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-seeks-to-take-intime-private-with-founder-1484005494)
, Wall
Street Journal. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
32. "Lyft Raises $250 Million From Coatue, Alibaba, And Third Point To Expand Internationally"(https://techcrunch.com/
2014/04/02/lyft-250m/). TechCrunch. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
33. "Alibaba Buys Into Soccer Team After Billionaires' Drinks" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-06-05/eve
rgrande-rises-on-alibaba-soccer-stake-report-hong-kong-mover) . www.bloomberg.com. 5 June 2014. Retrieved
17 January 2019.
34. Zhang, Yuejiao (2017). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research".Journal of Business and
Technical Communication. 31: 30–62. doi:10.1177/1050651916667530(https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1050651916667
530).
35. "Alibaba's IPO Priced at $68 a Share"(http://online.wsj.com/articles/alibabas-ipo-priced-at-68-a-share-1411075675)
.
The Wall Street Journal. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
36. "Alibaba prices at $68, becomes top U.S. IPO"(https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2014/09/18/alibaba-
deal-price-ipo/15846185/). USA Today. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
37. Picker, Leslie; Chen, Lulu Yilun (22 September 2014)."Alibaba's Banks Boost IPO Size to Record of $25 Billion"(htt
ps://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-22/alibaba-s-banks-said-to-increase-ipo-size-to-record-25-billion.html).
Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
38. "Alibaba Sells Extra Shares; IPO Raises $25B, Breaks Global Record"(https://archive.is/20140926163424/http://au.i
btimes.com/articles/567168/20140923/alibaba-sells-extra-shares-ipo-raises-25b.htm) . IBTimes.com. 22 September
2014. Archived from the original (http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/567168/20140923/alibaba-sells-extra-shares-ipo-raise
s-25b.htm) on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
39. "Alibaba Olympics Sponsorship Deal Said to Be W orth $800 Million" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017
-01-19/alibaba-will-put-its-technology-to-the-test-on-an-olympian-stage) . www.bloomberg.com. 19 January 2017.
Retrieved 17 January 2019.
40. "China will struggle to produce another Jack Ma"(https://www.economist.com/leaders/2018/09/15/china-will-struggle
-to-produce-another-jack-ma). The Economist. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
41. "China will struggle to produce another Jack Ma"(https://www.economist.com/leaders/2018/09/15/china-will-struggle
-to-produce-another-jack-ma). The Economist. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
42. "Alibaba Subsidiary Aboub B2B Marketplace"(https://web.archive.org/web/20171111100025/https://www .aboub.co
m/). ABOUB. Archived from the original (https://www.aboub.com/) on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November
2017.
43. "Alibaba Flexes Muscles Before IPO"(https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB100014240527023038878045795014119325
58776). Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
44. "Alibaba Group Company Overview"(http://news.alibaba.com/specials/aboutalibaba/aligroup/index.html)
. Alibaba
Group Group. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
45. "Open Sesame? Trump & Alibaba CEO JackMa talk of creating 1mn US jobs"(https://www.rt.com/usa/373133-trum
p-alibaba-ceo-meet/). RT International.
46. "Alibaba Group Said to Plan Privatizing Alibaba.com Close to IPO Price" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02
-17/alibaba-said-to-plan-to-take-alibaba-com-private-for-close-to-ipo-price.html)
. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved
10 October 2014.
47. Hsu, Alex (17 July 2013)."Alibaba's 1688.com Launches New Direct Channel, Responsible for 30 Million USD Per
Day in Transactions Value" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131013134423/http://bw-original-reporting.tumblr
.com/po
st/55694392054/alibabas-1688-com-launches-new-direct-channel) . BrightWire News. Archived from the original (htt
p://bw-original-reporting.tumblr.com/post/55694392054/alibabas-1688-com-launches-new-direct-channel)on 13
October 2013.
48. "Alibaba's Jack Ma Is Moving On, With an IPO Looming"(https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-01-15/alib
abas-jack-ma-is-moving-on-with-an-ipo-looming)
. Bloomberg. Bruce Einhorn. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
49. "Taobao's Alexa Statistics"(http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/taobao.com). Alexa.com. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
50. Zhe, Sun (January 2012)."From Stall to Mall" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140925203642/http://www.newschina
mag.com/magazine/from-stall-to-mall). News China. Archived from the original (http://www.newschinamag.com/mag
azine/from-stall-to-mall)on 25 September 2014.
51. Hsu, Alex (17 July 2013)."Alibaba's Taobao Continues to Attract New Stores, Focuses on Personalized Services,
Store Branding and Customized Contracts"(https://web.archive.org/web/20131013140057/http://bw-original-reportin
g.tumblr.com/post/55694291348/alibabas-taobao-continues-to-attract-new-stores). BrightWire News. Archived from
the original (http://bw-original-reporting.tumblr.com/post/55694291348/alibabas-taobao-continues-to-attract-new-stor
es) on 13 October 2013.
52. "Alexa Web Site Statistics for Tmall.com"(http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/tmall.com). Alexa.com. Alexa.com.
Retrieved 18 October 2013.
53. "Tmall changes its name for better positioning - People's Daily Online"(http://en.people.cn/90778/7702962.html).
en.people.cn. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
54. "Microsoft and eTao" (https://thenextweb.com/asia/2010/10/13/microsoft-and-alibaba-launch-search-engine-etao-in-c
hina/). The Next Web. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
55. Pepitone, Julianne. "Alibaba splits Taobao into three parts"(https://money.cnn.com/2011/06/17/technology/taobao_s
plit/index.htm). CNNMoney. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
56. Adrien Henni (9 September 2014)."Alibaba tops e-commerce sites in Russia as well as China"(http://www.internetre
tailer.com/commentary/2014/09/09/alibaba-tops-e-commerce-sites-russia-well-china). Internetretailer.com. Retrieved
9 May 2017.
57. Kasperkevic, Jana (23 September 2014)."Why Alibaba is a success in the US: its market for human hair extensions
nets American women in its weave"(https://www.theguardian.com/money/us-money-blog/2014/sep/23/alibaba-huma
n-hair-american-women-ecommerce). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077).
Retrieved 5 May 2017.
58. GOOALI®. "Jack Ma: Su inspiradora historia"(https://www.gooali.com/blogs/aliexpress/82661636-jack-ma-su-inspira
dora-historia). GOOALI® (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 May 2017.
59. Liu, Cynthia. "One Platform to Rule Them All: The Brains Behind Cainiao Network (PI)"
(https://ecommerceiq.asia/ca
iniao-logistics-southeast-asia/). E Commerce Asia. E COm Asia. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
60. "22 Amazing Taobao Statistics" (https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/taobao-statistics/)
. DMR. 19 January
2017.
61. "18 Amazing Tmall Statistics"(https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/tmall-statistics/)
. DMR. 19 February 2017.
62. Lee, Cyrus. "Alibaba achieves 3 trillion yuan transaction volume milestone | ZDNet"(http://www.zdnet.com/article/ali
baba-achieves-3-trillion-yuan-transaction-volume-milestone/) . ZDNet.
63. Wu, Kane; Cadell, Cate (26 September 2017). Muralikumar Anantharaman (ed.)."Alibaba takes control of logistics
business, pledges $15 billion to expand network"(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alibaba-cainiao-investment/alib
aba-takes-control-of-logistics-business-pledges-15-billion-to-expand-network-idUSKCN1C10C2) . Reuters. Retrieved
12 October 2017.
64. "Alibaba to Take Majority Stake in Cainiao Network" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171003041151/http://www
.alibab
agroup.com/en/news/article?news=p170926). Alibaba Group. 26 September 2017. Archived fromthe original (http://
www.alibabagroup.com/en/news/article?news=p170926) on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
65. hermes (27 September 2017)."Alibaba takes control of logistics business"(https://www.straitstimes.com/business/co
mpanies-markets/alibaba-takes-control-of-logistics-business)
. The Straits Times.
66. Juro Osawa (11 June 2014)."Alibaba Tackles Amazon, eBay on Home Turf" (http://online.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-la
unches-u-s-shopping-site-11-main-1402469675). Wall Street Journal.
67. "BBC News – China's Alibaba plans US online shop"(https://www.bbc.com/news/business-27790367). bbc.com.
Retrieved 11 July 2014.
68. Juro Osawa; Eva Dou (23 June 2015)."Alibaba Stumbles in U.S. Online Market"(https://www.wsj.com/articles/alibab
a-sells-u-s-subsidiary-11-main-to-opensky-1435027883)
. Wall Street Journal.
69. Alibaba Expands in Southeast Asia With $1 Billion Lazada Deal(https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-
12/alibaba-to-pay-1-billion-for-control-of-lazada-e-commerce-site)
, www.bloomberg.com, 12.4.2016
70. Choudhury, Saheli Roy (19 March 2018)."Alibaba invests additional $2 billion in Southeast Asian e-commerce firm
Lazada" (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/19/alibaba-invests-addition-2-billion-dollars-in-e-commerce-firm-lazada.htm
l). CNBC. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
71. "Fliggy, the online travel platform you (probably) haven't heard of" (https://www.tnooz.com/article/fliggy-online-travel-
platform-China/). tnooz. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
72. "5 reasons why travel brands need to take notice of Alibaba's Fliggy - ChinaT
ravelNews" (http://www.chinatravelnew
s.com/article/120020). www.chinatravelnews.com. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
73. "Alibaba Relaunches Travel site as Fliggy to Compete with CTrip" (http://www.inboundreport.com/2017/07/11/alibaba
-relaunches-travel-site-as-fliggy-to-compete-with-ctrip/)
. Inbound Reporter. Tom Berrigan. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
74. POLING, MONICA (15 March 2018)."Marriott Targets Chinese Travelers via Alibaba" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
0180316151714/https://www.travelpulse.com/news/hotels-and-resorts/marriott-targets-chinese-travelers-via-alibaba.
html). Archived from the original (https://www.travelpulse.com/news/hotels-and-resorts/marriott-targets-chinese-trave
lers-via-alibaba.html) on 16 March 2018.
75. Choudhury, Saheli Roy (18 July 2017)."Alibaba Hema stores blend online and offline retail" (https://www.cnbc.com/2
017/07/18/alibaba-hema-stores-blend-online-and-of
fline-retail.html). www.cnbc.com. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
76. Peterson, Hayley. "China has a supermarket unlike anything in the US — and it has 2 major advantages over
Amazon Go" (https://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-hema-market-has-two-advantages-over-amazon -go-2018-2).
Business Insider. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
77. "Alibaba's logistics ambition goes global"(http://www.ejinsight.com/20140616-alibaba-logistics-global/). EJ Insight.
16 June 2014.
78. "aliyun.com" (http://www.aliyun.com/about/?spm=5176.383338.25.1.rpQhdR).
79. Wanxia, Lin (22 November 2016)."Alibaba Cloud's global expansion program rolls into Dubai"(http://www.atimes.co
m/article/alibaba-clouds-global-expansion-program-rolls-dubai/)
. www.atimes.com. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
80. "Aliyun & Inspur Partner to Beat Cloud competition"(http://www.cloudwedge.com/2014-aliyun-inspur-partner-to-beat-
cloud-competition/).
81. Mutton, Paul (27 May 2015)."Aliyun cloud growth makes Alibaba largest hosting company in China"(http://news.net
craft.com/archives/2015/05/27/aliyun-cloud-growth-makes-alibaba-largest-hosting-company-in-china.html)
. Netcraft.
Retrieved 17 August 2016.
82. Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J."Is Aliyun OS really Linux? Android? A rip-of
f of both?" (https://www.zdnet.com/article/is-
aliyun-os-really-linux-android-a-rip-off-of-both/). ZDNet.
83. "Alibaba's AI-powered speaker hits the shelves · e TchNode" (https://technode.com/2017/08/11/alibabas-first-consum
er-targeting-artificial-intelligence-speaker-genie-x1-unveils/)
. 11 August 2017.
84. Guilford, Gwynn (June 2014)."Alibaba has a new way of explaining its controversial Alipay spinof
f" (http://qz.com/22
1635/alibaba-has-a-new-way-of-explaining-its-controversial-alipay-spinof
f/). Quartz.
85. John Watling (14 February 2014)."China's Internet Giants Lead in Online Finance"(https://web.archive.org/web/201
40219223010/http://www.thefinancialist.com/not-just-a-paypal-clone-chinas-internet-giants-chart-their-own-course/) .
The Financialist. Credit Suisse. Archived fromthe original (http://www.thefinancialist.com/not-just-a-paypal-clone-chi
nas-internet-giants-chart-their-own-course/)on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
 reasure – 余额宝" (https://www.mcgill.ca/cha
86. Chohan, Usman W. "Financial Innovation in China: Alibaba's Leftover T
nnels/news/financial-innovation-china-alibaba%E2%80%99s-leftover-treasure-%E4%BD%99%E9%A2%9D%E5%A
E%9D-234236). McGill University. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
87. 알리바바, 알리페이에 '얼굴 인식' 결제 도입 (http://news.naver.com/main/hotissue/read.nhn?mid=hot&sid1=105&cid=
993859&iid=987890&oid=003&aid=0006409123&ptype=021)[Alibaba introduces 'Face Recognition' payment to
AliPay]. Newsis (in Korean). Seoul. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
88. Wu, Jen-Her; Li, Qi; Wei, Kwok Kee (2 July 2016). "Alibaba's IT platform and electronic co
mmerce synergy in driving
"Singles' Day" ". Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce . 26 (3): 193–202.
doi:10.1080/10919392.2016.1194050(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10919392.2016.1194050) . ISSN 1091-9392 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/issn/1091-9392).
89. "Alibaba affiliate Alipay rebranded Ant in newfinancial services push"(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-aliba
ba-idUSKCN0I50KJ20141016). Reuters. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
90. Wang, Yanfei (9 September 2017)."Ant Financial ranked 6th in Fortune environmental list"(https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20170912165319/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/tech/2017-09/09/content_317 76061.htm). China Daily.
Archived from the original (http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/tech/2017-09/09/content_31776061.htm)on 12
September 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
91. "Ant Financial named in Fortune's "Change the W
orld" list--China Economic Net"(http://en.ce.cn/main/latest/201709/
11/t20170911_25884165.shtml). en.ce.cn.
92. "China's Ant Financial reportedly raises $10 billion at $150 billion valuation"
(https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/29/china
s-ant-financial-raises-10-billion-at-150-billion-valuation.html)
. CNBC. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
93. Wang, Yue. "Ant Financial Said To Close $150B FundingRound" (https://www.forbes.com/sites/ywang/2018/05/28/a
nt-financial-said-to-close-150-b-funding-round/#25b95be37dcc)
. Forbes. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
94. "China's digital-payments giant keeps bank chiefs up at night"(https://www.economist.com/news/business/21726713
-ant-financial-500m-customers-home-plans-expand-chinas-digital-payments-giant-keeps) . The Economist. Retrieved
18 June 2018.
95. "Alibaba announces live entertainment business group - echNode"
T (http://technode.com/2017/09/20/alibaba-live-ent
ertainment-business-group/). TechNode. 20 September 2017.
96. Fuscaldo, Donna (20 September 2017)."Alibaba Launches Unit Dedicated to Live Events"(http://www.investopedia.
com/news/alibaba-launches-unit-dedicated-live-events/)
. Investopedia.
97. "Alibaba Owned UCWeb Faces Risk Of Ban For Data Theft Allegations"(https://inc42.com/buzz/alibaba-ucweb-data
-theft/). inc42.com.
98. Kwok, Donny; Thomas, Denny; Carsten, Paul (12 March 2014).Edwina Gibbs (ed.). "Alibaba buys ChinaVision
stake for $804 million; gains TV, movie content" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chinavision-alibaba/alibaba-buys
-chinavision-stake-for-804-million-gains-tv-movie-content-idUSBREA2B02C20140312) . Reuters. Retrieved
12 October 2017.
99. Yuan, Li (16 November 2017)."Spoiler Alert: Jack Ma Beats Jet Li, but No Hollywood Ending for Alibaba" (https://ww
w.wsj.com/articles/spoiler-alert-jack-ma-beats-jet-li-but-no-hollywood-ending-for-alibaba-1510821204)
. Wall Street
Journal. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
100. "Alibaba Names Renowned Musician Gao Xiaosong to Run Music Unit | Alizila.com" (http://www.alizila.com/alibaba-
names-renowned-musician-gao-xiaosong-run-music-unit-2/)
. Alizila.com. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
101. "Alibaba and Tencent collaborate on music copyright · TechNode" (https://technode.com/2017/09/12/alibaba-and-ten
cent-collaborate-on-music-copyright/). TechNode. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
102. Neil Gough (28 April 2014)."Alibaba Buys Stake in Chinese Web TV Company for $1.2 Billion" (https://dealbook.nyti
mes.com/2014/04/28/alibaba-buying-stake-in-youku-tudou-a-chinese-web-tv-company-for-1-2-billion/?_php=true&_t
ype=blogs). New York Times.
103. Yan, Sophia (11 June 2014)."Alibaba continues quest to own the Chinese Internet - Jun. 11, 2014"(http://money.cn
n.com/2014/06/11/technology/alibaba-ucweb/index.html). Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
104. "Alibaba's Jack Ma to dump WeChat service in favour of 'own baby' Laiwang"(http://www.scmp.com/news/china-insi
der/article/1337869/jack-ma-delete-wechat-account-favour-own-baby-laiwang) . South China Morning Post. 23
October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
105. Alibaba, UCWeb plan mobile-search joint venture (http://www.marketwatch.com/story/alibaba-ucweb-plan-mobile-se
arch-joint-venture-2014-04-28), MarketWatch, Apr 28, 2014
106. Alibaba, UCWeb Team Up In Mobile Search(https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2014/04/28/alibaba-ucweb
-team-up-in-mobile-search/), Forbes magazine, Apr 28. 2014
107. Alibaba to buy out UCWeb in China's biggest internet merger (https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/11/us-alibaba
-group-ucweb-idUSKBN0EM04P20140611), Reuters, June 11, 2014
108. Alibaba Fully Buys Out UCWeb in China's Biggest Internet Deal Ever(https://www.forbes.com/sites/jlim/2014/06/11/a
libaba-fully-buys-out-ucweb-in-chinas-biggest-internet-deal-ever/)
, Forbes magazine, June 11, 2014
109. Alibaba Buys Remaining Stake in UCWeb (https://online.wsj.com/articles/alibaba-buys-remaining-stake-in-ucweb-14
02456416), Wall Street Journal, June 11, 2014
110. Alibaba to Acquire Rest of UCWeb to Boost Mobile Offering (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-11/alibaba-t
o-acquire-rest-of-ucweb-to-boost-its-mobile-of
ferings.html), Bloomberg, June 11, 2014
111. UCWeb to accelerate international expansionafter Alibaba merger (http://www.pcworld.com/article/2362820/ucweb-t
o-accelerate-international-expansion-after-alibaba-merger
.html), PCWorld, June 12, 2014
112. UCWeb — The final piece of Alibaba’s puzzle (http://www.ejinsight.com/20140613-alibabas-final-piece-of-the-puzzle-
ucweb/), HongKong Economic Journal, Jun 13, 2014
113. Li, Pei; Cadell, Cate (18 February 2019).Anantharaman, Muralikumar (ed.)."Alibaba is the force behind hit Chinese
Communist Party app: sources"(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-alibaba-government-idUSKCN1Q70Y7).
Reuters.
114. "Yahoo! Inc. - Company Timeline" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080713214826/http://yhoo.client.shareholder
.com/
press/timeline.cfm). Wayback Machine. 13 July 2008. Archived from the original on 13 July 2008
. Retrieved
2016-07-19.
115. Steadman, Ian. (22 April 2013)Yahoo! decides to close its Chinese mail service (Wired UK) (https://www.wired.co.u
k/news/archive/2013-04/22/yahoo-china-email)Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130831235656/http://www .w
ired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-04/22/yahoo-china-email)31 August 2013 at theWayback Machine. Wired.co.uk.
Retrieved on 21 September 2013.
116. "Yahoo!China Closing Mail Service Today" (http://technode.com/2013/08/19/yahoochina-closing-mail-service-today/)
.
TechNode. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
117. Chan, Ray; Yiu, Enoch; Yu, Sophie (25 January 2014)."Alibaba buys controlling stake in Citic 21CN"(https://www.sc
mp.com/business/companies/article/1412886/alibaba-buys-controlling-stake-citic-21cn)
. South China Morning Post.
Retrieved 29 January 2019.
118. Wang, Jasmine (23 January 2014)."Alibaba, Yunfeng to Buy Control of Citic 21CN for $171 Million" (https://www.blo
omberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-23/alibaba-yunfeng-to-buy-control-of-citic-21cn-for-171-million)
. Bloomberg L.P.
Retrieved 29 January 2019.
119. "Alibaba Agrees to Buy AutoNavi in $1.5 Billion Map Deal"(https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-11/ali
baba-agrees-to-buy-autonavi-in-1-5-billion-mapping-deal)
. Bloomberg. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
120. "Archived copy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160215005208/http://www2.alizila.com/alibaba-health-incorporates-t
malls-online-pharmacy-business). Archived from the original (http://www2.alizila.com/alibaba-health-incorporates-tm
alls-online-pharmacy-business)on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
121. "Company Overview of Alisports.com"(https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId
=325404250). Bloomberg. 17 July 2017. Archived (https://archive.is/20170717171746/https://www.bloomberg.com/re
search/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=325404250)from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July
2017.
122. "Infantino suggests 32-team FIFA Club World Cup" (http://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/article/2016/11/19/infantino-sug
gests-32-team-fifa-club-world-cup). Special Broadcasting Service. Sydney. 19 November 2016. Archived (https://we
b.archive.org/web/20161119174716/http://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/article/2016/11/19/infantino-suggests-32-team-f
ifa-club-world-cup) from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
123. "China to host richest ever rugby sevens tournament as US$100 million injection bears first fruit"
(http://www.scmp.c
om/sport/rugby/hk-sevens/article/2102972/china-host-richest-ever-rugby-sevens-tournament-us100-million) . South
China Morning Post. 17 July 2017. Archived (https://archive.is/20170717164656/http://www.scmp.com/sport/rugby/h
k-sevens/article/2102972/china-host-richest-ever-rugby-sevens-tournament-us100-million) from the original on 17
July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
124. Custer, C. (14 December 2015)."Disconnect: Jack Ma made a big mistake buying SCMP"(https://www.techinasia.co
m/jack-ma-big-mistake). Tech in Asia. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
125. Jourdan, Adam; Kwok, Donny; Yu, Jess Macy (14 December 2015).Roantree, Anne Marie; Woo, Ryan (eds.).
"Alibaba agrees on $266 million acquisition deal with South China Morning Post"
(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
scmp-group-alibaba/alibaba-agrees-to-266-million-acquisition-deal-with-south-china-morning-post-idUSKBN0TX01S
20151214). Reuters. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
126. "List of Significant Subsidiaries and Consolidated Entities of Alibaba Group Holding Limited"(https://www.sec.gov/Ar
chives/edgar/data/1577552/000119312514184994/d709111dex211.htm) (SEC filing). Alibaba Group.
127. "2015 Annual Report" (http://disclosure.szse.cn/finalpage/2016-04-12/1202163197.PDF)(PDF). Beijing Enlight
Media (in Chinese). Shenzhen Stock Exchange. 2016 . Retrieved 22 January 2017.
128. 非公开发行A股股票预案 (http://static.sse.com.cn/disclosure/listedinfo/announcement/c/2017-08-21/600050_2017082
1_12.pdf) (PDF) (in Chinese). China United Network Communications. 21 August 2017
. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
129. "Our mission is to help Hong Kong and T
aiwan-based entrepreneurs and young people realize their dreams and
visions for their businesses and communities"(https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063512/http://www .ent-fund.or
g/en/about/who?spm=a3139.7833214.0.0.63896ae9Y iYOmI). www.ent-fund.org. Archived from the original (http://w
ww.ent-fund.org/en/about/who?spm=a3139.7833214.0.0.63896ae9YiYOmI) on 4 July 2018.
130. Zen, Soo (15 July 2017)."DayDayCook raises fresh funds to enhance step-by-step instructional videos on recipes"
(http://www.scmp.com/tech/start-ups/article/2102566/daydaycook-raises-100-million-yuan-series-b-funding)
. South
China Morning Post.
131. Jon, Russell (2 September 2017)."GoGoVan becomes Hong Kong's first $1 billion startup following merger deal"(htt
ps://techcrunch.com/2017/09/01/gogovan-becomes-hong-kongs-first-1-billion-startup-following-merger-deal/)
.
techcrunch.com.
132. Steven, Millward (8 November 2017)."Alibaba funds lending startup WeLab to help it break out of China" (https://ww
w.techinasia.com/welend-wolaidai-welab-alibaba-funding). techinasia.
133. Sam, Ameen (17 May 2017)."Alibaba Makes Its First FinTech Investment In Hong Kong" (https://www.forbes.com/sit
es/samameen/2017/05/17/alibaba-makes-its-first-fintech-investment-in-hong-kong/)
. Forbes.
134. Jon, Russell (18 May 2017)."Hong Kong's Qupital raises $2M led by Alibaba to finance invoice loans for SMEs"
(htt
ps://techcrunch.com/2017/05/17/qupital-raises-2-million/)
. Techcrunch.
135. Kelley, Michael B.; Yarow, Jay (7 May 2015). "Alibaba's CEO replaced"(http://www.businessinsider.com/alibabas-ce
o-replaced-2015-5). www.businessinsider.com. BUSINESS INSIDER. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
136. Wong, Gillian (4 August 2015)."Alibaba Group Names Michael Evans as President"(https://www.wsj.com/articles/ali
baba-group-names-michael-evans-as-president-1438682344) . Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 (https://www.wo
rldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). Retrieved 17 January 2019.
137. "Alibaba Group" (https://www.alibabagroup.com/en/about/leadership). www.alibabagroup.com. Retrieved 17 January
2019.
138. Wee, Willis (13 May 2013)."Jack Ma's Last Speech as Alibaba CEO"(http://www.techinasia.com/alibaba-jack-ma-la
st-ceo-speech/). Tech in Asia. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
139. Hille, Kathrin (15 January 2013)."Jack Ma steps down as Alibaba chief"(http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e3aef1dc-5f0
1-11e2-9f18-00144feab49a.html). Financial Times. United Kingdom. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
140. Millward, Steven (11 March 2013)."Alibaba Appoints Jonathan Lu as New CEO, Will aTke Ma's Desk on May 10"(ht
tp://www.techinasia.com/alibaba-new-ceo-jonathan-lu/). Tech in Asia. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
141. Udland, Myles. "IT'S OFFICIAL: ALIBABA WILL BE THE LARGEST IPO EVER"(https://www.businessinsider.com/ali
baba-prices-ipo-2014-9). Business Insider. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
142. Flannery, Russell. "Who Is Alibaba's New CEO?"(https://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2015/05/07/who-is-ali
babas-new-ceo/). Forbes. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
143. Choudhury, Saheli Roy (9 September 2018)."Jack Ma succession plan at Alibaba: Daniel Zhang to become
chairman" (https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/10/alibaba-jack-ma-succession-plan-daniel-zhang-to-take-over-as-chairm
an.html). www.cnbc.com. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
144. "Gold Supplier" (http://www.alibaba.com/help/gold_supplier.html). Alibaba Web site. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
145. "Alibaba.com's Supplier Verification Services" (http://service.alibaba.com/buyer/ab/safety_security/products/verificati
on_services.php). Alibaba Web site. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
146. Andrew Minalto (January 2014)."Top 10 Scams on Alibaba.com!"(http://andrewminalto.com/top-10-alibaba-scams/)
.
Andrewminalto.com. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
147. "Alibaba and the 2,236 thieves"(http://www.economist.com/node/18233750). The Economist. 24 February 2011.
Retrieved 23 September 2012.
148. Muncaster, Phil (6 July 2012). "Ex-Alibaba GM cuffed as bribery scandal resurfaces" (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2
012/07/06/alibaba_general_manager_arrested_bribery) . The Register. London. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
149. Epstein, Gady (11 April 2011)."Alibaba's Jack Ma Fights To Win Back Trust" (https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0
411/features-jack-ma-alibaba-e-commerce-scandal-face-of-china.html) . Forbes. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
150. "BBC News – Iran nuclear: 'Uranium shoe' man arrested in US"(https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-2382
5972). BBC News. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
151. "The Uranium Sting: Did Homeland Security Catch a Smuggler or Create One?"(http://www.businessweek.com/articl
es/2014-09-11/uranium-sting-homeland-security-caught-smuggler-or-created-one)
. Bloomberg Businessweek.
Retrieved 13 November 2014.
152. "Why Alibaba Can't Complain About Its Return to the 'Notorious' Counterfeit Market List"
(http://fortune.com/2016/12/
22/alibaba-taobao-counterfeit-goods-platform/)
. 22 December 2016.
153. "Alibaba sues sellers of counterfeit good for the first time after it was blacklisted by the US"
(https://www.cnbc.com/2
017/01/04/alibaba-sues-sellers-of-counterfeit-goods-for-the-first-time-after-it-was-blacklisted-by-the-us.html)
. CNBC.
4 January 2017.
154. "Brands accuse Alibaba of not doing enough to stop sale of counterfeit goods"
(https://www.wsj.com/articles/brands-
accuse-alibaba-of-not-doing-enough-to-stop-sale-of-counterfeit-goods-1475898037) . Wall Street Journal. 4 February
2017.
155. Alibaba Enters into a $75 Million Settlement Deal; Shares Climbed 2% in Pre-market - capitalwatch.com
(https://ww
w.capitalwatch.com/article-3272-1.html)
156. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/31/stocks-making-the-biggest-moves-premarket-amzn-db-vz-googl--more.html
157. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1577552/000110465918075203/a18-42169_1ex99d1.htm
158. Alibaba settlement (https://images.law.com/contrib/content/uploads/documents/407/1682/Alibaba-settlement.pdf)

External links
Official website
Business data for Alibaba Group Holding Ltd:Reuters · SEC filings

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alibaba_Group&oldid=897314083

"

This page was last edited on 16 May 2019, at 06:42(UTC).

Text is available under theCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of theWikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.