Business Models and Reference Architecture for IIoT
Reference Architecture – Part 2
Dr. Sudip Misra
Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email:
[email protected] Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1
IIRA Viewpoints
IIRA viewpoints are described analyzing the use cases developed by Industrial Internet
Consortium (IIC), which are as follows:
Business viewpoint
Usage viewpoint
Functional viewpoint
Implementation viewpoint
“IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2
IIRA Viewpoints (contd.)
Validate & Revise Guide
Business Usage Functional Implementation
Viewpoint Viewpoint Viewpoint Viewpoint
Healthcare Energy Transportation
Inventory
Manufacturing Mining
management
Applications
Concept taken from: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3
Business Viewpoint
Vision
Business Decision Makers
Values Usage Activities
Key
Objectives System
Requirements
Fundamental
System Engineers Capabilities
Concept taken from: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4
Business Viewpoint (contd.)
The business viewpoint from the perspective of an IIoT system is related with
business value
expected return on investment
cost of maintenance
product liability
“IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5
Business Viewpoint (contd.)
Stakeholders play a
major supportive role in the business
strongly influence its direction
drives the conception and development of IIoT systems.
Vision describes
future state of the organization
provides business direction towards which the organization works
“IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6
Business Viewpoint (contd.)
Values indicate
vision recognized by stakeholders involved in funding
provide the logic regarding the merit of vision.
Key objectives are measurable and time-bound. They are expressed as
high-level technical
business outcome expected from the system.
“IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
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Business Viewpoint (contd.)
Fundamental capabilities are high-level specifications which are essential to
complete business tasks.
Key objectives are basis for the identification of fundamental capabilities.
Capabilities are the ability of the organization to perform any function. They are specified
independently.
Stakeholders obtain the fundamental capabilities from the objectives, which are necessary for a
system.
“IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8
Usage Viewpoint
System
Activity
Role
Role
Agents
Functional
Component
Task
Implementation
Component
Concept taken from: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9
Usage Viewpoint (contd.)
Usage viewpoint are related with the
key capabilities identified in the business viewpoint
activities that coordinate the different units of work.
Task is
basic unit of work
carried out by a party assuming a role
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things10
Usage Viewpoint (contd.)
Execution of a Task
Role Role
Functional map: describes the functional component
of the task maps.
Implementation map: depends on the execution of Task Functional map
the task.
Implementation map
Role
set of capacities assumed by an entity or organization
initiates or participates in the execution of tasks.
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things11
Usage Viewpoint (contd.)
Activity is
coordination of specific tasks
required to realize a well-defined usage of a system
executed repeatedly
Activity has trigger, workflow, constraints, and effects
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things12
Usage Viewpoint (contd.)
The elements of an activity are
Trigger: conditions under which the activity is initiated. Trigger
Workflow: sequential, parallel, conditional, iterative
organization of tasks. Workflow
Activity
Effect: state of the IIoT system after successful completion of
an activity. Effects
Constraints: system characteristics which must be preserved
during execution.
Constraints
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things13
Functional Viewpoint
Control Operations Information Application Business
domain domain domain domain domain
Functional Domain
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things14
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
Functional Domain
Control
Operations Information Application Business Control
domain domain domain domain domain Communication Sense
Actuation
Physical Systems
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things15
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
The control domain represents the set of functions performed by industrial control
systems, which are as follows:
Sensing: Reading the data from sensor nodes.
Actuation: Writes data and control signals into an actuator.
Communication: Connects the sensors, actuators, gateways and other edge devices.
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things16
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
The operations domain represents the set of functions responsible for
Provisioning and deployment: Configure, track, register, and deploy assets online remotely,
securely and at scale.
Management: Enables management of assets which is focused on the suite of management
commands.
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things17
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
Prognostics: Acts as a predictive analytics engine of the IIoT systems.
Monitoring and diagnostics: Responsible for real-time monitoring, and enables detection and
prediction of occurrence of problems.
Optimization: improves asset reliability and performance, reduces energy consumption, increases
availability, and output in according to the assets used.
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things18
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
The information domain represents the set of functions responsible for
assembling data from various domains, where data consists of
quality of data processing
syntactical transformation
semantic transformation
data persistence and storage
data distribution
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things19
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
The information domain represents the set of functions responsible for
assembling data from various domains
transforming
persisting
modelling/analysis of data
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things20
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
The application domain represents the set of functions which implement
application logic to realize specific business functions
Logics and Rules: Implements specific functions required for the use case.
APIs and UI: Enables an application exposes its functions as APIs for other applications to
consume.
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things21
Functional Viewpoint (contd.)
The business domain represents the set of functions which enables end-to-end
operations of the IIoT systems by integrating them with traditional or new type of
business functions which includes
supporting business processes
procedural activities.
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things22
Implementation Viewpoint
The implementation viewpoint relates to the
technical representation of an IIoT system including interfaces, protocols, and behaviors
identification of system characteristics
general architecture of IIoT-its structure, distribution and the topology of interconnection of the
components
Implementation map of the activities as recognized from usage viewpoint to the functional
components, and from functional components to implementation components
Source: “IIoT Reference Architecture”, IIoT World
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things23
References
[1]http://iiot-world.com/connected-industry/iic-industrial-iot-reference-architecture/
[2] https://www.networkworld.com/article/3243928/internet-of-things/what-is-the-industrial-iot-and-why-the-stakes-are-so-high.html
[3] https://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm
[4] https://www.intel.in/content/www/in/en/internet-of-things/white-papers/iot-platform-reference-architecture-paper.html
[5] https://dzone.com/articles/azure-iot-in-the-industrial-world
[6] P A Wordworth, “A Reference Architecture for Enterprise Architecture”.
[7] William Ulrich, “Business Architecture: The Art and Practice of Business Transformation”.
[8] Graham Meaden and Jonathan Whelan, “Business Architecture: A Practical Guide”.
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Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things25
