Topic 1: Introduction to Nano sensors
1) What are sensors?
i) Active and Passive sensors.
ii) Contact and Non-contact sensors.
iii) Absolute and Relative sensors.
2) Physical principles : Interface electrons & sensor.(with diagrams)
3) What is Hall Voltage? Write its expression.
4) What is thermistor? Give its graphical representation.
Topic 2: Biosensors
1) Definition of bio-physiochemical transducer.
2) Components of biosensor.
3) Basic characteristics of biosensor.
4) Examples of biosensor.
5) Working principle of first 4 biosensors. (Brief as written in slides)
Topic 3: MEMS devices
1) What are MEMS? Give definition.
2) What are the components of MEMS?
3) Characteristics of MEMS.
4) What are the 5 key concepts of MEMS?
5) Why Silicon is widely used as a substrate for MEMS fabrication?
What are the advantages?
6) Name the micro fabrication techniques.
7) Steps of micromachining.
8) What are the fabrication methods used?
9) What is wafer bonding? What are the classifications of wafer bonding?
Applications of sensors: pressure sensor. Bulk micromachining: pressure
sensors. Conclusion of MEMS. (Brief)
Topic 4: NEMS devices (* are most important Ques.)
1) What is NEMS? Definition of NEMS.
2) How NEMS devices are fabricated?
3) Advantages or benefits of NEMS devices.
4) What are the manufacturing or synthesizing techniques for NEMS
manufacturing? ( Top down & Bottom up)
5) Fabrication processes for NEMS devices.
6) Lithography techniques used for NEMS fabrication.
7) Etching processes used in NEMS fabrication. Application of NEMS.
Topic 5: Microfluidics (* are most important Ques.)
1) Benefits of microsystems. What are microfluidic systems? What are the
fabrication processes of microsystems?
2) Applications of microfluidics.
3) Laminar flow and its conditions. What is Reynolds no? Give suitable
conditions for the flow be a turbulent flow.
4) Why laminar flow allows controlled mixing when it is used for
microfluidics applications?
5) What are the different components in a microfluidic circuit?
6) What are the different types of valves?
7) What are the advantages of using plastics over silicon for valves?
8) What are the processes of manufacturing/fabrication of valves (with
diagram).
9) What are the electro-kinetic mechanisms?
Topic 6: Sensors used in Aerospace and Defence (* are imp questions)
(Accelerometer + pressure sensor--- 15 marks question)
1) Applications of sensors in Defence.
2) What is an accelerometer?
3) What is the working principle of capacitive type of accelerometer?
4) Types of accelerometers and its applications.
5) Comparison of accelerometer characteristics.
6) Draw the diagram of 3-D piezoelectric sensor.
7) What is a pressure sensor?
8) Briefly describe the working principle of pressure sensor using diagram.
9) How to make/ fabricate a pressure sensor?(with neat diagram)
Topic 7: Nano photonics & Optical Control of Tweezers (* are
important questions)
1) What are Tweezers? What are optical tweezers?
2) Types of optical Tweezers.
3) Principles of optical tweezers. (Along with diagram and 3-points)
4) The basic set-up of optical tweezers. (With diagram)
Topic 8: Night Vision Technology (* are important questions)
1) How can matter interact with light?
2) How colour of an object varies? Specular (regular) and Diffused Reflection.
3) Why IR is used for night vision technology over visible light?
4) What is Bolometer? It’s working principle.
5) What are the factors of night vision imaging?
Topic 9: Interfacing to the real world: Review of electrical sensors
and actuators (* are important questions)
1) Sensor systems. Sensors types and flow chart of sensor systems.
2) Computer process control system. (With flowchart)
3) What is a transfer function?
4) Pressure and displacement sensors. Fiber optic temperature sensor. Photo diode
based sensors.
5) Hardware flow chart for analog to digital conversion.
Topic 10: Introduction to biomedical sensors (* are important questions)
1) What is a Bio-medical sensor?
2) Classification of Bio-medical sensors.
3) The basic structure of bio-analytical sensor. (With diagram)
4) Famous types of sensors. (Electrochemical, optical & thermal)
5) Electrochemical sensor apparatus (ampreometric). (With block diagram)
