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EXAMPLE 1-012
FRAME – NO TENSION AND NO COMPRESSION FRAME OBJECTS
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
This example uses a one-bay, one-story braced frame resisting a horizontal load
applied at the top of the frame to test the SAP2000 tension and compression
limits for frame objects. In SAP2000 both tension and compression limits can be
specified for frame objects. If the tension limit for a frame object is specified as
0, then the frame object can resist no tension. Similarly, if the compression limit
is specified as 0 then the frame object can resist no compression.
Important Note: Typically, the tension and compression limits only apply for
nonlinear analyses.
Three models are created for the example. Model A has no tension or
compression limits and is run as a static linear analysis. Model B allows no
compression in the compression diagonal and model C allows no tension in the
tension diagonal. Models B and C are run as static nonlinear analyses. The
horizontal displacement at the top of the frame and the support reactions for each
model are compared with independent hand calculated results.
Important Note: The beam and braces have pinned ends in the example.
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
120" Properties
100 k 3 E = 30,000 k/in2
2 4 A = 8 in2
Notes
120"
1 2
1. Frame objects 3, 4 and 5 have pinned ends
4 5
2. Braces are not connected at their intersection
Z 1 3
Tension/Compression Limits
Y Model A: None (Linear static analysis)
X Model B: No compression in frame object 5 (Nonlinear static analysis)
Model C: No tension in frame object 4 (Nonlinear static analysis)
EXAMPLE 1-012 - 1
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TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED
Tension and compression limits for frame objects
End releases
RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated using a combination of the unit load
method described on page 244 in Cook and Young 1985 and statics.
Output Percent
Model Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
Ux (jt 2) in 0.10677 0.10677 0%
Fx (jt 1) kip -44.224 -44.224 0%
A Fz (jt 1) kip -100 -100 0%
Fx (jt 3) kip -55.776 -55.776 0%
Fz (jt 3) kip 100 100 0%
Ux (jt 2) in 0.24142 0.24142 0%
Fx (jt 1) kip -100 -100 0%
B Fz (jt 1) kip -100 -100 0%
Fx (jt 3) kip 0 0 0%
Fz (jt 3) kip 100 100 0%
Ux (jt 2) in 0.19142 0.19142 0%
Fx (jt 1) kip 0 0 0%
C Fz (jt 1) kip -100 -100 0%
Fx (jt 3) kip -100 -100 0%
Fz (jt 3) kip 100 100 0%
COMPUTER FILES: Example 1-012a, Example 1-012b, Example 1-012c
CONCLUSION
The SAP2000 results match exactly with the independent results
EXAMPLE 1-012 - 2
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HAND CALCULATION
EXAMPLE 1-012 - 3
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EXAMPLE 1-012 - 4
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EXAMPLE 1-012 - 5
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EXAMPLE 1-012 - 6
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EXAMPLE 1-012 - 7
