STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A CAMMERCIAL BUILDING

Location: GISENYI /RUBAVU

Plot No:567

Owner: Mr. Shona RUBERWA

Designed by:Eng .Pacifique B. MUMENYI

Date:Jan 2018

Approved by:
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CONTENTS

CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ 1
0. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 2
1. NOTATIONS.......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. ASSUMPTIONS..................................................................................................................................... 4
3. LAYOUT OF OVERALL PLAN [STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT] ............................................. 6
4. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SLABS: ...................................................................................... 7
6. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF COLUMN ................................................................................ 19
7. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS ..................................................................... 23
8. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF STAIRS.................................................................................... 26
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0. INTRODUCTION

The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that structures being designed will
perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they should
sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and
resistance to the effects of misuse and fire.

Once the building form and structural arrangement have been finalized the design problem consists of
the following:
1. Idealization of the structure into load bearing frames and elements for analysis and design
2. Estimation of loads
3. Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts and shears for design
4. Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements for slabs, beams, columns and walls using the
results from 3
5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules

Thisstructural design process has been carried out under use of BS8110 design code of practice.
Especially, computations have been made by use of BS 8110 based spreadsheets; publication produced
by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of its project 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS
8110 and EC2'.
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1. NOTATIONS

The symbolic notation used in this project is in accordance with the BS code of practice. Other symbols
not defined here, have been defined alongside the particular place where they have been applied.

A: cross section area L: span length

Asmin: minimum required reinforcement section lx : short-span length

B: width of foundation footing, Beam ly: long-span length

b: width reinforced concrete section M: bending moment

bf: width of flange in a beam p: perimeter

bw : width of web of a flanged a beam qadm: bearing pressure

C: cover Qk: imposed load

d: effective depth of tensile reinforcement S: spacing of shear reinforcement

H: depth of foundation V: shear force in concrete section

fcu: characteristic yield strength of concrete Øt: shear reinforcement diameter

at 28 days
Ø: reinforcementdiameter
fy: characteristic yield strength of steel
B.S: British standard
GK: dead load
C.P: Code of Practice
h: overall depth of a concrete section
RC: Reinforced concrete
hf: thickness of flange in a T-beam
m.f: modification factor

`
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2. ASSUMPTIONS

Design standards used

Design standard used to determine section of steel bars of different structural elements of concerned
building are BS 8110

Unities
Volumetric load: kN/m3
Surface load: kN/m2
Linear load: kN/m
Point load: kN

Dead loads

Roof structure: 1.5kN/m2

Reinforced concrete: 25kN/m3
Wall Finishes: 22kN/m2
Masonry in burnt bricks: 20kN/m3
Coating in cement mortar: 20kN/m3
Plinth 22kNm 2
Masonry in cement blocks: 13.5kN/m3
Slab finishes 2kN/m 2

Imposed load or live load

Residential house building: 1.5kN/m2

Cover conditions

Slabs, beams and columns [mild condition]: 30mm

Foundation pads [moderate condition]: 40mm

Soil characteristics
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Sandy-gravel subsoil of unit weight: 18kN/m3

Allowable bearing pressure: 240kN/ m2

Mix proportions [BS 5328-2]

Mix ratio: 350 kg/ m3

Elasticity limit for construction materials

Strength of reinforcement:
 Hot rolled mild steel: 250 N/mm2
 High yield steel : 460 N/mm2
Concrete ƒck: 30N/mm2

Partial safety magnification factors

For dead load: 1.4

For live load: 1.6
Basic span-effective depth ration: 26
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3. LAYOUT OF OVERALL PLAN [STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT]

Foundations, columns, beams, slabs and stair

STRUCTURAL PLAN
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4. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SLABS:

Critical slabs

SLAB, CC, GG -33,66

Layout

Analysis (SLAB BC, 22,44)

Estimating the modification factor to be of the order of 1.3;

ℎ
ℎ=
26 × ( . )

= × .
= 109.5

Lx=5.2 m

Ly= 4 m

For our slab; ly / lx = 1< 2 so we have a two-ways slab.

Try effective depth d=109.5 mm.

Taking 5mm as half the diameter of the reinforcing bar

Overall depth of slab h= 109.5+5+30= 144.5≈150 mm

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Self weight of slab= 0.15×25= 3.75kN/m2

Total dead load= finishing + self weight = 2+ 3.75 = 5.75 kN/m2

Imposed load= 1.5kN/m2 forresidential building

Ultimate design load=1.4×5.75 +1.6×1.5=10.45 kN/m2

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5. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF A BEAMS:

Critical beams

I. Beam Type 4-4

Layout

Calculation and design

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Type: T beam

Transverse Section of beam

Breadth of the web, bw = 250 mm

L1=4.214m

L2=2.795m

L3=3.217m

L4=1.981m

L5=3.211m

L6=3.611

Nominal diameter 8 mm links and 16 mm for main bars

Preliminary analysis

h≥ = = 280.9 let take 450mm

bw≥0.6*h = 0.6*280.9=168.54mm let take 250mm

The effective breadth bf of flanged beams is given in BS8110:

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1. T-beams-web width bw+lz/5 or the actual flange width if less

2. L-beams-web width BW+lz/10 or the actual flange width if less

Where lz is the distance between points of zero moment in the beam. In continuous beams l z may be
taken as 0.7 times the effective span.

A general bf for this continuous beam has been taken as:

4214
= + 0.7 × = 250 + 0.7 × = 839.9
5 5

The area of the T-beam is given by:

A=[bw×(h-hf)]+(bf×hf) =(0.25*0.3)+(0.839*0.15)=0.20085 m2

Load Surface of the span 1-2 of the beam S=7.524m2

Load Surface of the span 2-3of the beam S=3.365m2

Load Surface of the span 3-4of the beam S=4.55m2

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Computation
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6. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF COLUMN

Critical columns
Column EE-33
Layout

Column load-take down design

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Computation
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7. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS

Critical foundations

Foundation on column C-3

Layout

Bearing pressure =240kN/m2

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Use nominal cover=40mm (cover against blinding)

H=350mm

Pressure from foundation: 25kN/m3x0.35m =8.75kN/m2

Pad area required = design load/effective bearing pressure

Effective bearing pressure=240kN/m2-8.75kN/m2≈231.25kN/m2

N= P= 575kN

Pad area required= 575kN/231.25kN/m2= 2.41m2

Thus B=L≈1.20m

Dead load: 575kN

Imposed load: 0.8Kn

Computation
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8. CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF STAIRS

Critical stairs
The of practice C P 110 give the standart using in the design of stairs

Input Privet building Pubrique building

Rise R Less than 220mm Less than 190mm

Riser G Greater than 220mm Greater than 230mm
Slope S Less 42 degree Less 38 degree
Number of rises/ span - Less than 16

General design : 700mm>G+2*R>550mm

Layout
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