COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING [EC2311]

UNIT I ANALOG COMMUNICATION

AM – Frequency spectrum – vector representation – power relations – generation

of AM– DSB, DSB/SC, SSB, VSB AM Transmitter & Receiver; FM and PM –
frequency spectrum – power relations : NBFM & WBFM, Generation of FM and
DM, Amstrong method & Reactance modulations : FM & PM frequency.

UNIT II DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Pulse modulations – concepts of sampling and sampling theormes, PAM, PWM,

PPM,PTM, quantization and coding : DCM, DM, slope overload error. ADM,
DPCM, OOK systems – ASK, FSK, PSK, BSK, QPSK, QAM, MSK, GMSK,
applications of Data communication.

UNIT III SOURCE CODES, LINE CODES & ERROR CONTROL

(Qualitative only)

Primary communication – entropy, properties, BSC, BEC, source coding : Shaum-

Fao , Huffman coding : noiseless coding theorem, BW – SNR trade off codes:
NRZ, RZ, AMI,HDBP, ABQ, MBnB codes : Efficiency of transmissions, error
control codes and applications: convolutions & block codes.

UNIT IV MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

SS&MA techniques : FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA application in wire and

wireless communication : Advantages (merits)

UNIT V SATELLITE, OPTICAL FIBER – POWERLINE, SCADA

Orbits : types of satellites : frequency used link establishment, MA techniques used

in satellite communication, earth station; aperture actuators used in satellite –
Intelsat and Insat: fibers – types: sources, detectors used, digital filters, optical link:
power line carrier communications: SCADA
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING [EC2312]

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Classification of systems: Continuous, discrete, linear, causal, stable, dynamic,

recursive, time variance; classification of signals: continuous and discrete, energy
and power; mathematical representation of signals; spectral density; sampling
techniques , quantization, quantization error, Nyquist rate, aliasing effect. Digital
signal representation.

UNIT II DISCRETE TIME SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Z-transform and its properties, inverse z-transforms; difference equation – Solution

by z-transform, application to discrete systems - Stability analysis, frequency
response –Convolution – Fourier transform of discrete sequence – Discrete Fourier
series.

UNIT III DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM & COMPUTATION

DFT properties, magnitude and phase representation - Computation of DFT using

FFT algorithm – DIT & DIF - FFT using radix 2 – Butterfly structure.

UNIT IV DESIGN OF DIGITAL FILTERS

FIR & IIR filter realization – Parallel & cascade forms. FIR design: Windowing
Techniques – Need and choice of windows – Linear phase characteristics. IIR
design: Analog filter design - Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations; digital
design using impulse invariant and bilinear transformation - Warping, prewarping
– Frequency transformation.

UNIT V DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Introduction – Architecture – Features – Addressing Formats – Functional modes -

Introduction to Commercial Processors
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING [CS2311]

UNIT I

Object oriented programming concepts – objects-classes- methods and messages

abstraction and encapsulation-inheritance- abstract classes- polymorphism.
Introduction to C++- objects-classes-constructors and destructors

UNIT II

Operator overloading - friend functions- type conversions- templates - Inheritance

–virtual functions- runtime polymorphism.

UNIT III

Exception handling - Streams and formatted I/O – file handling – namespaces –

String Objects - standard template library.

UNIT IV

Introduction to JAVA , bytecode, virtual machines – objects – classes – Javadoc –

packages – Arrays – Strings

UNIT V

Inheritance – interfaces and inner classes - exception handling – threads - Streams

and I/O
POWER ELECTRONICS [ EE2301]

UNIT I: POWER SEMI-CONDUCTOR DEVICES

Study of switching devices, - Frame, Driver and snubber circuit of SCR, TRIAC,
BJT,IGBT, MOSFET,- Turn-on and turn-off characteristics, switching losses,
Commutation circuits for SCR.

UNIT II :PHASE-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS

2-pulse, 3-pulse and 6-pulse converters – Effect of source inductance –

performance parameters – Reactive power control of cnverters – Dual converters -
Battery charger.

UNIT III :DC TO DC CONVERTER

Step-down and step-up chopper - Time ratio control and current limit control –
Buck, boost, buck-boost converter, concept of Resonant switching - SMPS.

UNIT IV : INVERTERS

Single phase and three phase (both 1200 mode and 1800 mode) inverters - PWM
techniques: Sinusoidal PWM, modified sinusoidal PWM - multiple PWM –
Introduction to space vector modulations - Voltage and harmonic control - Series
resonant inverter - Current source inverter.

UNIT V: AC TO AC CONVERTERS

Single phase AC voltage controllers – Multistage sequence control - single and

three phase cyclo-converters –Introduction to Integral cycle control, Power factor
control and Matrix converters.
ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II [EE 2302]

UNIT I: SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Constructional details – Types of rotors – emf equation – Synchronous reactance –

Armature reaction – Voltage regulation – EMF, MMF, ZPF and A.S.A methods –
Synchronizing and parallel operation – Synchronizing torque - Change of
excitation and mechanical input – Two reaction theory – Determination of direct
and quadrature axis synchronous reactance using slip test – Operating
characteristics - Capability curves.

UNIT II :SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Principle of operation – Torque equation – Operation on infinite bus bars - V-

curves –Power input and power developed equations – Starting methods – Current
loci for constant power input, constant excitation and constant power developed.

UNIT III: THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Constructional details – Types of rotors – Principle of operation – Slip –

Equivalent circuit – Slip-torque characteristics - Condition for maximum torque –
Losses and efficiency – Load test - No load and blocked rotor tests - Circle
diagram – Separation of no load losses – Double cage rotors – Induction generator
– Synchronous induction motor.

UNIT IV: STARTING AND SPEED CONTROL OF THREE PHASE

INDUCTION MOTOR

Need for starting – Types of starters – Rotor resistance, Autotransformer and Star-
delta starters – Speed control – Change of voltage, torque, number of poles and
slip – Cascaded connection – Slip power recovery scheme.

UNIT V : SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS AND SPECIAL

MACHINES

Constructional details of single phase induction motor – Double revolving field

theory and operation – Equivalent circuit – No load and blocked rotor test –
Performance analysis – Starting methods of single-phase induction motors -
Shaded pole induction motor - Linear reluctance motor - Repulsion motor -
Hysteresis motor - AC series motor.
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION [EE2303]

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

Structure of electric power system - different operating voltages of generation,

transmission and distribution-advantage of higher operating voltage for AC
transmission. An introduction to EHV AC transmission, HVDC transmission and
FACTs. Mechanical design of transmission line between towers – sag and tension
calculations using approximate equations taking into account the effect of ice and
wind.

UNIT II :TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

Parameters of resistance, inductance and capacitance calculations - single and three

phase transmission lines - single and double circuits - solid, stranded and bundled
conductors - symmetrical and unsymmetrical spacing – transposition of lines –
concepts of GMR and GMD - skin and proximity effects - interference with
neighbouring communication circuits. Corona discharge characteristics – critical
voltage and loss. (Simple diagrams of typical towers and conductors for 400, 220
and 110 kV operations)

UNIT III: MODELLING AND PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION

LINES

Transmission line classification - short line, medium line and long line - equivalent
circuits – Ferranti effect - surge impedance, attenuation constant and phase
constant -voltage regulation and transmission efficiency - real and reactive power
flow in lines –power circle diagrams – shunt and series compensation.
An introduction to power angle diagram - surge-impedance loading, loadability
limits based on thermal loading; angle and voltage stability considerations.

UNIT IV :INSULATORS AND CABLES

Classification of insulators for transmission and distribution purpose – voltage

distribution in insulator string and grading - improvement of string efficiency.
Underground cables - constructional features of LT and HT cables – insulation
resistance, capacitance, dielectric stress and grading – tan δ and power loss –
thermal characteristics.
UNIT V: SUBSTATION, GROUNDING SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

Classification, functions and major components of substations.

Bus-bar arrangements - substation bus schemes - single bus, double bus with
double breaker, double bus with single breaker, main and transfer bus, ring bus,
breaker-and-a half with two main buses, double bus-bar with bypass isolators.
Importance of earthing in a substation. Qualitative treatment to neutral grounding
and earthing practices in substations. Feeders , distributors and service mains. DC
distributor – 2-wire and 3-wire, radial and ring main distribution. AC distribution –
single phase and three phase 4-wire distribution.