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Bonus Tolerance (1)
Features
An additional tolerance for a geometric control
Permissible only when a MMC or LMC modifier
is shown in the tolerance portion of a feature
control frame
Bonus tolerance comes from FOS tolerance
Bonus tolerance is the amount the actual mating
size departs from MMC (or LMC)
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Bonus Tolerance (2)
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Bonus Tolerance at MMC
2.5 Tol. Bonus
0.2 0.0
2.7
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Bonus Tolerance at LMC
2.0 Tol. Bonus
0.2 0.5
2.7
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Bonus Tolerance (3)
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Bonus Tolerance (4)
Application
Can reduce manufacturing costs significantly
Inspection
Use function gauge: built to a fixed dimension
(the virtual condition) of a part feature. A part
would fit into or onto the gauge. The gauge does
not provide a dimensional measurement. It only
indicates if the part is or not to the print
specification.
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Practical Workout 1: Basic
Definitions, Rules and Concepts
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Session 3
Datums
z Understand the different datums
z Interpret datum targets
z Interpret FOS datum specifications
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Datums (Part 1)
Datum in Co-ordinate Tolerancing
Datums in GD&T
Planar Datums
Datum Targets
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Datum in Co-ordinate Tolerancing
A datum is a theoretically exact plane, point or axis
from which a dimensional measurement is made.
Datum in co-ordinate tolerancing typically deals
with implied datum
♦ An implied datum is an assumed
plane, axis or point from which a
dimensional measurement is made.
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Datum in Co-ordinate Tolerancing
Limitations and Consequences of Implied Datums
How would the hole be measured?
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Limitations and Consequences of
Implied Datums
Limitations
Do not clearly communicate to the drawing user which
surfaces should contact the inspection equipment. Hence,
assumption has to be made.
Do not communicate which sequence the part should be
brought into contact with the inspection equipment.
Consequences
Good parts are rejected
Bad parts are accepted
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Datums in GD&T
GD&T datums seek to provide a framework from
which part features are manufactured.
They are critical for all industrial drawings as
today’s production involve a lot of part assemblies
and processes
Parts produced must be 100% changeable amongst
its own batches
Ensures complete fit, function and
interchangeability by clearly specifying the design
intent.
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Planar Datum (1)
A planar datum is a true geometric counterpart of a
planar datum feature.
A true geometric counterpart is the theoretical
perfect boundary or best fit tangent plane of a
specified datum feature.
A datum feature is a part feature.
Datum feature simulator, an inspection equipment,
is used to simulate the true geometric counterpart.
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Planar Datum (2)
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Datum Feature Symbols and
Specifications
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Datum Selection
Datum features are selected on the basis of
part function and assembly requirement
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Datum Referencing #1
Datum referencing is communicated by means of
feature control frame
The first compartment contains a datum reference that
is to be in contact with the inspection equipment first.
The second compartment contains the datum feature
that is to contact the inspection equipment second
The third compartment contains the datum feature that
is to contact the inspection equipment third.
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Datum Referencing #2
Purpose: Limit movement of a part for repeatable
measurements for inspection
A part is free to move in space. It has six degrees of
freedom.
A datum reference frame is a set of three mutually
perpendicular datum planes aimed to restrict the six
degrees of freedom of a part.
The datum reference frame provides direction as
well as an origin for dimensional measurements.
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3-Plane Concept (1)
A theoretical exact plane
established with checking
fixtures and gauges when
in contact with the
counterpart of the actual
datum features.
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3-Plane Concept (2)
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3-Plane Concept (3)
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3-Plane Concept (4)
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3-2-1 Rule
Defines the minimum
number of points of contact
required for a part datum
feature with its primary,
secondary and tertiary datum
planes
Applies only for planar
datums
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FOS in Datum Related Dimensions
Only dimensions related to a datum reference frame
through the use of geometric tolerances are to be
measured in a datum reference frame
During inspection of the hole, the part should be
mounted in the datum reference frame. The overall
dimensions are FOS dimensions and measurements
are to be done independently using these datum
reference.
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FOS in Datum Related Dimensions
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Inclined and Multiple Datum
Features
An inclined datum feature that is at an angle
other than 90o relative to the other datum
features.
Multiple Datum Reference Frames
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Inclined Datum Features
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Inclined and Multiple Datum
Features
An inclined datum feature that is at an angle
other than 90o relative to the other datum
features.
Multiple Datum Reference Frames is for a
part that requires to define varying functional
relationships
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Multiple Datum Reference Frames
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Coplanar Datum Features (1)
Co-planar surfaces are two or more surfaces
that are on the same plane
Coplanar datum features are two or more
datum features that are on the same plane. A
single datum can be established from
multiple surfaces.
The profile control limits the flatness and
coplanarity of the surfaces.
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Coplanar Datum Features (2)
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DATUM Targets
Datum targets are symbols that describe the shape, size
and location of gauge elements that are used to establish
datum planes, axes and points.
Employed where it is not practical (or possible) to make
use of an entire surface as a datum feature as the part may
rock or wobble when the datum feature contacts the datum
plane.
Datum targets describe gage elements and are shown on
part surfaces on a drawing but do not exist on a part.
Application areas include casting, forgings, irregular
shapes and weldments.
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Datum Target Requirements
Basic dimensions should be used to define
and locate the datum targets
Datum reference frame must restrain the part
in all six degrees of freedom.
Part dimensioning must ensure that the part
will rest in the gauge in only one orientation
and location
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Datum Target Symbol Identification
Exist as datum target Area
Point, X
Line, Phantom line and X
Area, Shaded Cross Section.
Datum identifying letter
Target Number
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DATUM Target Points, X
A datum target point is
specified by an X-symbol
(lines intersect at 90o)
A theoretically exact point
specified with a datum target
of little or no size that has
position on a surface for
functional gauging purposes
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DATUM Target Points (denote
gauge pin)
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Datum Target Point Application
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Datum Target Points for
Irregular Surface Application
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DATUM Target Lines
Datum line is the line
derived from the actual
counterpart of the
datum feature. The line
may be established by
two planes, or the
simulated centre of the
cylinders or holes
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DATUM Target Line (another example)
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DATUM Target Line (with gauge pin)
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Datum Target Area
The datum target area is identified with a
phantom line circle, with section lines inside
the circle.
Datum target areas are simulated with a flat
nose pin.
