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Mechanics of Solids Lab

The document describes the Brinell hardness test procedure. A Brinell hardness testing machine uses a hardened steel or diamond ball indenter of a specific diameter to apply a defined force to the metal specimen surface for 15 seconds. The diameter of the indentation is then measured under a microscope to calculate the Brinell hardness number (BHN) using a formula that considers the load applied, indenter diameter, and indentation diameter. The test is repeated three times and the average BHN is reported. Precautions include cleaning the specimen surface and not testing too thin specimens or near edges.

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151 views2 pages

Mechanics of Solids Lab

The document describes the Brinell hardness test procedure. A Brinell hardness testing machine uses a hardened steel or diamond ball indenter of a specific diameter to apply a defined force to the metal specimen surface for 15 seconds. The diameter of the indentation is then measured under a microscope to calculate the Brinell hardness number (BHN) using a formula that considers the load applied, indenter diameter, and indentation diameter. The test is repeated three times and the average BHN is reported. Precautions include cleaning the specimen surface and not testing too thin specimens or near edges.

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MAHAVEER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BRINELL’S HARDNESS TEST


AIM:
To study the Brinell Hardness testing machine and find the Brinell Hardness number
for the given metal specimen.

APPARATUS:
 Brinell Hardness testing machine
 Metal Specimen
 Brinell’s microscope.

THEORY:
Hardness represents the resistance of material surface to abrasion, scratching and
cutting, hardness after gives clear identification of strength. In all hardness tests, a define
force is mechanically applied on the test piece for about 15 seconds. The indenter, which
transmits the load to the test piece, varies in size and shape for different tests. Common
indenters are made of hardened steel or diamond.
In Brinell hardness testing, steel balls are used as indenter. Diameter of the indenter
and the applied force depend upon the thickness of the test specimen, because for accurate
results, depth of indentation should be less than 1/8th of the thickness of the test pieces.
According to the thickness of the test piece increase, the diameter of the indenter and force
are changed.

A Brinell cum- Rockwell hardness testing machine along with the specimen is shown
in figure.

Specifications:
1. Ability to determine hardness up to 500BHN.
2. Diameter of ball (as indenter) used D = 2.5mm, 5mm, 10mm.
3. Maximum application load =
4. Method of load application = Lever type

PROCEDURE:
1. Insert ball of dia ‘D’ in ball holder of the m/c.
2. Make the specimen surface clean by removing dust, dirt, oil and grease etc.

MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LAB DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


MAHAVEER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

3. Make contact between the specimen surface and the ball by rotating the jack adjusting
wheel.
4. Push the required button for loading.
5. Pull the load release level and wait for minimum 15 second. The load will automatically
apply gradually.
6. Remove the specimen from support table and locate the indentation so made.
7. View the indentation through microscope and measure the diameter ‘d’ by micrometer
fitted on microscope.
8. Repeat the entire operation, 3-times.

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION:

Diameter of Brinell
Ball indentation
Load Hardness
S NO Material diameter ‘d’ (mm)
‘D’ in mm. in Kgf Number
1 2 3 (BHN)

FORMULAE:
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 (𝑘𝑔𝑓 .)
Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) =
𝑆𝑝𝑕𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑚 2 .)

=
𝑃
𝜋𝐷
𝐷 − ( 𝐷2 − 𝑑2 )
2
Where,
P = Load applied in Kgf.
D = Diameter of the indenter in mm.
d = Diameter of the indentation in mm.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Brinell test should be performed on smooth, flat specimens from which dirt and scale have
been cleaned.
2. The test should not be made on specimens so thin that the impression shows through the
metal, nor should impressions be made too close to the edge of the specimen.

RESULT: The Brinell Hardness Number of the metal is found to be

MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LAB DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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