1
M.E.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENT
“PREFABRICATED TECHNIQUE IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY”
2 INTRODUCTION :
A Prefabricated structure is defined as a structure built through the
association and/or completion on site of several elements built in a
factory or assembled on site.
The concept of prefabricated construction includes those buildings,
where the majority of structural components are standardized and
produced in plants in a location away from the building, and then
transported to the site for assembly.
These components are manufactured by industrial methods based on
mass production in order to build a large number of buildings in a
short time at low cost.
3
A multi storey building constructed with A prefabricated modular unit being brought
Prefabricated Modular units to site for assembly
4 FEATURES OF PREFABRICATED STRUCTURES
Compared to site-
cast concrete,
The division and
precast concrete
specialization of
erection is faster
the human
and less affected
workforce.
by adverse
weather conditions.
The use of tools, Plant casting
machinery, and allows
other equipment, increased
usually automated, efficiency, high
in the production of quality control
standard, and greater
interchangeable control on
parts and products. finishes.
5 FEATURES OF PFS (CONTD)
There is minimal work on
site to complete the
buildings as the façade
and interiors themselves
form part of units.
This type of construction requires a
restructuring of entire conventional
construction process to enable
interaction between design phase and
production planning in order to
improve and speed up construction.
6 TYPES OF PREFABRICATION SYSTEMS
Large-
Frame
panel
systems
systems
Slab-
column Mixed
systems systems
with walls
7 LARGE PANEL SYSTEMS
The designation “large-panel system” refers to multistory structures
composed of large wall and floor concrete panels connected in the
vertical and horizontal directions so that the wall panels enclose
appropriate spaces for the rooms within a building.
These panels form a box-like structure. Both vertical and horizontal
panels resist gravity load.
8
A large-panel concrete building under construction
9 FRAME SYSTEMS
Precast frames can be constructed using either linear elements or
spatial beam-column sub-assemblages.
Precast beam-column sub-assemblages have the advantage that the
connecting faces between the sub-assemblages can be placed away
from the critical frame regions; however, linear elements are generally
preferred because of the difficulties associated with forming, handling,
and erecting spatial elements.
10
FRAME SYSTEMS
11 SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS WITH SHEAR WALLS
These systems rely on shear walls to sustain lateral load effects,
whereas the slab-column structure resists mainly gravity loads.
There are two main systems in this category:
Prestressed
Lift-slab
slab-
system with
column
walls
system
12 1. Lift-slab system with walls
In the Lift –slab system, the load-bearing structure consists of precast
reinforced concrete columns and slabs,. Precast columns are usually
two stories high.
All precast structural elements are assembled by means of special
joints.
Reinforced concrete slabs are poured on the ground in forms, one on
top of the other. Precast concrete floor slabs are lifted from the ground
up to the final height by lifting cranes.
The slab panels are lifted to the top of the column and then moved
downwards to the final position. Temporary supports are used to keep
the slabs in the position until the connection with the columns has
been achieved.
13
A lift-slab building
14 2. Prestressed slab-column system
The prestressed slab-column system uses horizontal prestressing in
two orthogonal directions to achieve continuity.
The precast concrete column elements are 1 to 3 stories high. The
reinforced concrete floor slabs fit the clear span between columns.
After erecting the slabs and columns of a story, the columns and floor
slabs are prestressed by means of prestressing tendons that pass
through ducts in the columns at the floor level and along the gaps
left between adjacent slabs.
After prestressing, the gaps between the slabs are filled with in situ
concrete and the tendons then become bonded with the spans.
Seismic loads are resisted mainly by the shear walls (precast or cast-
in-place) positioned between the columns at appropriate locations.
15 PREFABRICATED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Precast Slabs
16 PREFABRICATED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Precast Beam & Girders
17 PREFABRICATED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Precast Columns
Inverted Tee beams supported on precast columns
Precast columns
18 PREFABRICATED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Precast Walls
19 PREFABRICATED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Other Elements
20 TYPICAL CONNECTION OF PFS
COLUMN TO COLUMN CONNECTION
21
BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION
22
SLAB TO BEAM CONNECTION
23 PREFABRICATED STEEL STRUCTURE
Steel industry is growing rapidly in almost all the parts of the world.
The use of steel structures is not only economical but also
ecofriendly at the time when there is a threat of global warming.
Here, “economical” word is stated considering time and cost.
Time being the most important aspect, steel structures (Pre-
fabricated) is built in very short period and one such example is
Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB).
Pre-engineered buildings are nothing but steel buildings in which
excess steel is avoided by tapering the sections as per the
bending moment’s requirement. One may think about its
possibility, but it’s a fact many people are not aware about Pre
Engineered Buildings.
24
A TYPICAL PRE-ENGINEERED METAL BUILDING
:
Main Frame : Sheeting
Primary Member 1. Roof
1. Column 2. Wall
2. Rafter 3. Fascias
Secondary Members Accessories
1. Purlin 1. Ventilators
2. Girt 2. Sky Lights
3. Miscellaneous
25
A Typical Pre-engineered Steel building
26 Advantage of Prefabricated Structures
The main advantages of prefabricated structures are assembly of
finished elements on site, self load bearing and quick execution.
Higher quality products for clients.
Improved productivity and profitability for contractors.
Environmental benefits associated with its use.
Quicker build times on site.
Better ability to build to optimum cost.
Higher quality end products due to closer factory control of part of
the process.
27 Application
Factory Building Ware Houses
Workshops Distribution Centers
Showrooms
Aircraft Hangers
Schools
Sports Complex
Industrial Sheds
Car Parking Sheds
Cold Storages
Malls & SUPER Markets
Office Buildings
Community Centers Multistoried Buildings
Metro & Railway Station Petrol Pumps
Industrial Building Indoor Stadiums
28
Parking lots Railway Station
Aircraft Hangars Metro Station
29
Wear House High Rise Building
30 Case Study
Name of the Project : Anmol Spinex Pvt Ltd
Name of the Industry : Arvind Limited
Location of the Project : Satej, Ghandhinagar
Type of Project : Industrial Building
Area of Building : 18000 Sq.mt
31
Anmol Spinex Pvt Ltd
Erection Process
33
