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Flare Stack Sizing Calculation

The height of a flare stack is generally based on the radiant heat intensity generated by the flame. The Hajek and Ludwig equation can be used to calculate the minimum distance from the flame midpoint to avoid unsafe radiation levels, taking into account factors like heat release, humidity, and distance from the flare center. Empirical equations have also been developed to estimate flare flame length based on heat release, with constants fitted to experimental data points. As a rule of thumb, effective flame length can be calculated as a power function of heat release.

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643 views2 pages

Flare Stack Sizing Calculation

The height of a flare stack is generally based on the radiant heat intensity generated by the flame. The Hajek and Ludwig equation can be used to calculate the minimum distance from the flame midpoint to avoid unsafe radiation levels, taking into account factors like heat release, humidity, and distance from the flare center. Empirical equations have also been developed to estimate flare flame length based on heat release, with constants fitted to experimental data points. As a rule of thumb, effective flame length can be calculated as a power function of heat release.

Uploaded by

Sumit Budhia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Flare stack height

The height is generally based on the radiant-heat intensity generated by the flame
According to The Hajek and Ludwig equation
D =(τE Q/4ᴨK)0.5
Where
D=minimum distance from the midpoint of the flame to the object being considered, ft;
E=fraction of heat radiated;
K=allowable radiation level, BTU/hr-ft2
Q=heat release (lower heating value), BTU/hr; and;
τ=fraction of heat intensity transmitted, defined by following equation Equation
τ = 0.79(100/r)1/16 (100/R)1/16
Where
r=relative humidity, fraction;
R=distance from flare center, ft;
And
τ=fraction of heat transmitted, in range of 0.7 to 0.9.
Velocity Determination. The sonic velocity of a gas can be calculated with
Vs =(1720kTZ/S)1/2
Gas velocity can be determined from
V =(60 Qg T Z)/di2 PCL
and the critical flow pressure at the end of the relief system can be calculated with
PCL = (2.02)Qg/di2 X {(TS/k(k+1)}1/2
Where
di=pipe inside diameter, in.
k=ratio of specific heats, CP/CV;
PCL=critical pressure at flare tip, always ≥ 14.7, psia;
Qg=gas-flow rate, MMscf/D;
S=specific gravity, ratio;
T=temperature,
°R;V=gas velocity, ft/s;
VS=sonic velocity, ft/s
;and Z=gas compressibility at standard conditions,
where air = 1, psi −1 .
API FLAME LENGTH: 0.00604*(heat release)^0.4776
SONIC FLAME LENGTH: 0.004503 * (heat release)^0.459882
EFFECTIVE FLAME LENGTH: (1- Tip MACH Number) *API Flame Length + (Tip
MACH Number * Sonic Flame Length)
Milton Beychok fitted the data points from API STD 521 in his book "fundamentals of
stack gas dispersion". The result for flame height is shown on the Book cover
hfv = 0.0042*Q^0.478
Q is heat released (lower heating value) in BTU/hr hfv is flame height in feet
Since he assumed a 45 degrees angle, the flame length is:
Flame length = 0.0059*Q^0.478

As a rule of thumb, flame effective length is calculated based on following


experimental equation:
L=A* Q^B
Where Q is duty of burner and A , B are constant. A and B are experimental
values.

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