SPAN AB

Beams with more than 2 spa

Material Property SUMMARY
fc'= 20.7 Mpa 250
fy= 275 Mpa (main bars) 1 16 mm Ø bars
fy= 275 Mpa (strirrups)

Member Property 300 +1/14

L= 4m (max. span)
b= 250 mm
1.0
h= 300 mm 1 16 mm Ø bars
d= 242 mm
Assume db= 16 mm @ SUPPORT @ MIDSPAN

Member loads -1/16 -1/10 -1/11

DL= - kN/m
LL= - kN/m
Wu= - kN/m
Mu= 10 kN.m (support) to be changed Beams with more than 2 spans
Mu= 10 kN.m (midspan) to be changed

Flexural Reinforcement
β1 = 0.9244
Use β1 = 0.85

ρb = 0.03729226 +1/14
ρmax = 0.027969195 ρmax =0.75ρb
ρmin = 0.004136114
1.0 1.15 1.0
ρmin = 0.005090909 ρmin =1.4/fy
-1/24

@support
 Ru= 0.75890384
-1/10 -1/11
ρ= 0.00282188

Use ρ= 0.00282188

REMARKS : >> to be designed as Singly-Reinforced Beams with two (2) spans onl
>> steel yield, fs=fy supported by columns at both
ends
ρ<ρmax (no compression bars are needed) ρ<ρb (steel yield, fs = fy)
ρ>ρmax (compression bars are needed) ρ>ρb (steel does not yield, fs < fy)

As = 170.7237
N= 0.84910991 say N= 1

Check clear spacing +1/14

= #DIV/0! > (25mm) #DIV/0!

1.0 1.15 1.15

@midspan
Ru= 0.75890384
ρ= 0.00282188

-1/16 -1/9 -1/9

Use ρ= 0.00282188

REMARKS : >> to be designed as Singly-Reinforced

>> steel yield, fs=fy

ρ<ρmax (no compression bars are needed) ρ<ρb (steel yield, fs = fy)
ρ>ρmax (compression bars are needed) ρ>ρb (steel does not yield, fs < fy)
 As = 170.723676
N= 0.84910991 say N= 1

Check clear spacing

= #DIV/0! > (25mm) #DIV/0!

Beams with more than 2 spans supported by columns at both ends

+1/14 +1/16 +1/16 +1/14

1.0
1.0 1.15 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.15

-1/10 -1/11 -1/11 -1/11 -1/11 -1/10 -1/16

ms with more than 2 spans but supported by spandrel beams at ends

+1/14 +1/16 +1/16 +1/14

1.0
1.0 1.15 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.15

-1/24 -1/24
 -1/10 -1/11 -1/11 -1/11 - 1/11 -1/10

Beams with two (2) spans only supported

eams with two (2) spans only by spandrrel beams at both ends
upported by columns at both
ends

+1/14 +1/14
+1/14 +1/14

1.0 1.15 1.15 1.0

1.0
1.15 1.15
-1/24 -1/24

-1/9 -1/9
-1/9 -1/9 -1/16
 DOUBLY REINFORCED DESIGN
MATERIAL PROPERTY :
fc'= 21 MPa
fy= 276 MPa

SECTION PROPERTY :
b= 300 mm
d= 400 mm
d'= 65 mm
h= 500 mm
L= 5.5 m
DESIGN :
Tension Steel Area = 804.248 mm2
Number of bars , # = 6 BARS
Steel Bar diameter, φ = 32 mm
Compression Steel Area = 314.159 mm2
Number of bars, # = 3 BARS
Steel Bar diameter, φ = 20 mm

SOLUTION:
ρmin =

NOTE:
if fc'<<̲28 MPa, use β= 0.85
if fc'>28 MPa, use β

if fc'>56 MPa, use β= 0.65

ρbal=

ρmax= 0.75 ρbal

Weight of Beam, WB= (2.4)(9810N/m3)bh , NOTE: base, b in meter
height, h in meter
Moment of the beam, MB:
Uniformly distributed load: MB=
Moment of Live Load, ML= ,NOTE: WL , Live Load (LL)
 Moment of Dead Load, MD= where, WD, Dead Load (DL)
Total Moment of Dead Load, MDT=
Ultimate Moment, MU= 1.2 MD + 1.6 ML

Solved for Mmax. To determine whether compression steel is necessary:

ρ= ρMAX.
ω=
RU= fc'ω(1-0.59ω)
MUMAX= φRUbd2
NOTE: MU>MUMAX. , COMPRESSION BARS:

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM

MU1= MUMAX.
AS1= ΡMAX.bd
MU2= MU - MU1
MU2 = ΦT2(d-d') wherein T2 = ASfy
AS2=
AS= AS1 + AS2

Veryfy if compression steel will yield : C1 =T1

a=
c=
fs=
NOTE: fs > fy , compression steel yields
C2=T2 use fs=fy
AS' =

For Tension Bars: use φ= 32

Area of Tension Bars, AT=
No. of bars for Tension, nT=
say
Clear Spacing, S = , where pc = 50
n = number of bars
NOTE: If NOT OK! Proceed below.
say
S=

For Compression Bars: use φ= 20

Area of Compression Bars, Ab = 314.159
No. of Compression Bars, N= where AS =AS2
'
say
ORCED DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM
LOAD : LOAD FACTOR
D L= 15.5 kN/m MD= 71.963 kN-m 1.4
LL= 36 kN/m ML= 136.125 kN-m 1.7
WB= 3.532 kN/m

The beam design as DOUBLY REINFORCED Mu=

O O O

O O
O O O O

0.00507

0.85 0.85

0.9 0
0.65 0

0.03765
0.0282
3,531,600,000.00 N/m 3.532 KN/m

13.354 kN-m
136.125 kN-m
 58.609 kN-m
71.963 kN-m
332.161 kN-m

0.028
0.371
6.087 Mpa
262.974 kN-m
NEEDED

262.974 kN-m
3388.736 mm2
69.187 kN-m 69186805 N-mm

831.432 mm2
4220.168 mm2

174.66 mm
205.479 mm
410.2 MPa
OK!

831.432 mm2

mm
804.248 mm2
5.247
6 BARS (1 layer) 6
1.6 mm NOTE : NOT OK! Reduce No. of bars

6 BARS (2layers) Use 3 BARS (Bottom layer)

52 mm NOTE : OK! Remain No. of Bars

mm
mm2
2.647
3 BARS
Mu
100.749 kN-m
231.4125 kN-m

332.161 kN-m
 T
MATERIAL PROPERTY :

fy = 414 MPa
fc' = 20.7 MPa

SECTION PROPERTY :
Total depth, h = 0 mm
Slab thickness, t = 75 mm
Effective depth, d = 510 mm
Beam width, bw = 280 mm

Flange width
Given, bf : 0 mm
Computed, bf : 1200 mm
Center-to-center spacing, Soc = 1200 mm
span length of beam, L = 7300 mm
d' = d - t 435 mm

LOAD :
DL = kN/m MD=
LL = kN/m ML =

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SOLUTION :
Compute effective flange width :
A. T - Section
1.1. 1825
1.2. 1200
1.3 b = center to center spacing 1200

bf = 1200
bf = 0
STEP 1 : Assume that the entire flange is in compression and solve for MU1:
 MU1= φ C1 (d - t/2)
wherein Compressive force in concrete, C 1 = 0.85 fc' bf t
C1 = 1583550
therefore, MU1= φ 0.85 fc' bf t (d - t/2)
MU1 = 673.405

NOTE : if MU1 > MU , then a < t , proceed to Step II N/A

if MU1 < MU , then a > t , proceed to Step III OK!

Proceed to STEP 3 below.

STEP 2 : a < t
MU = φ 0.85 fc' ab (d - a/2)

a=

QUADRATIC EQUATION ( a ) :
a = (a2) 0 N-mm
b = (-2d) 0 N-mm
c = 2MU / φ 0.85 fc' bf 0.00 N-mm
a1 = - b + √b - 4ac / 2a
2
0.000
a2 = - b - √b - 4ac / 2a
2
0.00
a= 0.00 mm

T= C
Asfy = 0.85 fc' ab
As =
AS = 0.000 mm2

Solve for ρmax :

ρmax = 0.75 ρb
wherein ρmax =
NOTE :

ρb =
ρb = 0
ρmax= 0.000
Compare with ρ with ρmax :
ρ= AS / bf d
ρ= 0.000000
 NOTE : If ρ = AS / bf d < ρmax, design is OK
If ρ = AS / bf d > ρmax, the beam needs compression steel

Solve for ρmin :

ρmin = 1.4 / fy
ρmin = 0.0000
Compare with ρmin with ρ :
ρ= AS / bw d
ρ= 0.000

NOTE : If ρ= AS / bw d > ρmin , design is OK

If ρ = AS / bw d < ρmin, use ρ = ρmin

Therefore, As = 0.0000

STEP 3 : a > t
MU = MU1 + MU2 , MU1 = the same value in Step 1
MU2 = MU - MU1
MU1 = 673.405 kN-m
MU2 = 46.6 kN-m
(MU2 = φ C2 (d - z/2)
MU2 = φ 0.85 fc' bw z (d' -z/2)
z=
QUADRATIC EQUATION (z) :
a = ( z2 ) 1 N-mm
b = (-2d' ) -870 N-mm
c = 2MU2 / φ 0.85 fc' bw 21017.588
Z1 = - b + √b - 4ac / 2a
2
845.131
Z2 = - b - √b - 4ac / 2a
2
24.869

Z= 24.869 mm
a=t+z
a= 99.869 mm
c = a / β1
c= 117.493 mm
 C2 = 0.85 fc' bw z
C2 = 122519.767689619 N

C = C1 + C 2
C = 1706069.76768962 N

Assuming steel yields (fs = fy)

(T=C)
A S fy = C
AS = 4120.941 mm2

Check for maximum and minimum requirements :

ρmin = 1.4 / fy
ρmin = 0.0034

Compare with ρ = AS / bw d
ρ= 0.0289
NOTE : If ρ = AS / bw d > ρmin, design is OK
If ρ = AS / bw d < ρmin, use ρ = ρmin (this seldom happen)

Solve for AS Max :

a=
a= 256.51

AS MAX = 0.75 Asb

Asb =
Asb = 5984.956 mm2
AS MAX =
AS MAX = 4488.717 mm2

NOTE : If AS < As max, value is OK

If AS > As max, the beam needs compression steel (this seldom happen to T-Beams)

Therefore, AS = 4120.941

NEED COMPRESSION BARS :

ρ2 = ρ -ρmax = 0
As2 = ρ₂bwd = 0
Area of Steel Bars, ASb = ∏D²/4 = 0
No. of steel bars, n = As2/Asb = 0
≈ 0
 T - BEAMS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
DESIGN :
a<t a>t

Steel Bars Needed for Tension: Steel Bars Needed for Tension :
AS = 0.000 mm2 AS = 4120.941
Diameter, φ = 25 mm Diameter, φ = 0
Area of Steel Bars, ASb = 490.874 mm2 Area of Steel Bars, ASb = 0.000
No. of bars, n = 0.000 say No. of bars, n = #DIV/0!
0 bars #DIV/0!
Spacing, S = 0 mm Spacing, S =

Steel Bars Needed for Compression : Steel Bars Needed for Compression :
ρ2 = 0 AS2 = 0.000
AS2 = 0 mm2 Diameter, φ = 0
Diameter, φ = 0 mm Area of Steel Bars, Asb = 0.000
Area of Steel Bars, Asb = 0 mm2 No. of bars, n = #DIV/0!
No. of bars, n = 0 say #DIV/0!
0 bars

LOAD FACTOR MU
0 kN-m 1.2 0 kN-m
0 kN-m 1.4 0 kN-m
MU = 720 kN-m MU = 720000000

mm
mm
mm

mm
mm
 N

kN - m

o STEP 3 below.

bf
0.85 fc'

a
t N.A.

As

T = As fy
bw

If fc' <<̲ 28 Mpa, use β = 0.85 0.85 0.85

If fc' > 28 Mpa, use β 0.9 0
If fc' > 56 Mpa, use β = 0.65 0.65 0
 N/A
m needs compression steel N/A

N/A
(this seldom happen) N/A

mm2

bf 0.85 fc'

C1
t 1
a
d
z 2
N.A.
d - t/2
d'

As
T1 = AS1 fy
bw
MU1
 OK!
= ρmin (this seldom happen) N/A

OK!
ldom happen to T-Beams) N/A

mm2
E

FLANGE WIDTH (bf)

mm2 FLANG
#DIV/0! ### - 0
E
mm DEPTH
(t)
mm2

mm
WEB
DEPTH

mm2 #DIV/0!
mm #DIV/0! ### - 25
mm2
say WEB WIDTH (bw)
bars

N-mm
 C = 0.85 fc' a b

d - a/2

T = As fy
 C1
0.85 fc'
C2
d - t/2
d' - z/2

AS1 fy T2 = AS2 fy
MU2
mm φ

mm φ