FACIAL
TECHNOLOGY
RECOGNITION
A facial recognition system is a computer application for
automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital
image or a video frame from a video source. One of the ways
to do this is by comparing selected
facial features from the image and a
facial database.
It is typically used in security systems and can be compared to
other biometrics such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition
system.
Every face has at least 80 distinguishable parts called nodal
points. Some of them are:
Every face has at least 80 distinguishable parts called nodal
points. Some of them are:
called nodal points. Some of
them are:
1. Distance between the eyes
2. Width of the nose
3. Depth of eye sockets
4. Structure of the cheek
bones
5. Length of jaw line
A general face recognition software conducts a comparison of
these parameters to the images in its database.
Depending upon the matches found, it determines the result.
This technique is known as feature based matching and it is the
most basic method of facial recognition.
A 3D facial recognition model provides greater accuracy
than the feature extraction model.
It can also be used in a dark surroundings and has a ability
to recognize the subject at different view angles.
Using 3D software, the system
Goes through a number of steps to
verify the identity of an individual.
Acquiring an image can be done
through a digital scanning device.
Once it detects the face, the system determines heads
position, size and pose.
The system then measures the curves
of the face on a sub-millimeter scale
and creates a template.
The system translates this template into a unique code.
The image thus acquired will be
compared to the images in the data
base and if 3D images are not
available to the database, then
algorithms used to get a straight face
are applied to the 3D image to be
matched.
Finally in verification, the image is
matched to only one image in the
database and the result is displayed
as shown alongside.
The most commonly used unique feature for facial recognition is
iris of the eye. No two human beings, even twins have exactly
similar iris.
Images obtained from CASIA.
Employs Canny edge detector &
Hough Transform.
Normalization & use of Log-Gabor
filter.
HD calculation used for determining matches SEGMENTATION:
Involves locating the iris region and isolating it.
ENCODING: Creating a template that contains the most
discriminating features of the iris.
MATCHING: Comparison of two iris templates and
d
etermining if they belong to the same This system was a success
as 93% of samples gave perfect recognition. Salient features of
iris were identified, extracted, encoded then matched as desired.
The only setback was the fact that Matlab processed the images
slowly thus would not suit real time processing.
APPLICATION:
Immigration department.
ATM identity verification.
-Principal Component Analysis using eigenfaces
-Linear Discriminate Analysis
-Elastic Bunch Graph Matching using Fisherface algorithm
-Hidden Markov model
-Neuronal motivated dynamic link
matching.
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The only way to overcome this challenge is better equipment, i.e.
basically , use of high tech cameras. It is very much
essential for the system to catch the image
accurately.
The only way to overcome this challenge is better
ALGORITHMS for facial recognitions. If the systems are
programmed for every possible permutation and combination of
the image, an accurate match can be achieved.
Some algorithms that try to overcome this problem are as
follows:
-Half-face based algorithm -
Local binary pattern
-Neural network, etc.
The kind of equipment used for facial recognition depends upon
the purpose of using the technology. A facial recognition
technique may be used for the following purposes.
3.Domestic security systems
4.Police surveillance
5.Domestic Computer / phone identification systems
6.Employee management systems in Companies.
7.National and International security systems.
Let us consider equipment for basic police surveillance.
The facial recognition equipment used for basic surveillance
purpose has 3 important components.
2.The camera or scanning device
3.Infrared illuminator
An IR-illuminator is a device that emits infrared light-low frequency
electromagnetic radiation that's outside the visible spectrum. In other
words, it gives off light that a camera can pick up and use, but that a
person can't see-so while it's still dark to the human eye, the camera
can see just fine.
There are 3 main types of infrared illuminators namely diodes, lamps
& lasers.
Other FR equipments generally use variations in software.
For a domestic Computer user recognition system, a basic 2D face
recognition algorithm is sufficient. With some basic verifications,
the user of the phone or Computer can be identified. Complex
algorithms and equipment are used in cases of national and
international security issues.
Facial recognition is a very useful mechanism when it comes to
office related user identification. One such example is a product of
Havon industries called FaceID.
Face ID is industry first embedded facial recognition system with
leading “Dual Sensor” Facial Recognition Algorithm, which
designed for application like physical access control and time
attendance, identity management and so on.
In around 10 years from now, it is being estimated that facial
recognition technology will be the backbone of all major security,
home and networking service. With the growth of social
networking over the web, unbelievably accurate facial recognition
algorithms and advanced equipment, a person’s face, no mater
ageing or disguises or damage, can be recognized and data about
that person can be produced.
Here is a small glimpse of what facial recognition technology
would make of the future social networking….
Assuming amazing resolutions, facial and object recognition,
this is how social networking would be in the future….
Pros:
1.Better security systems.
2.Easy user verifications.
3.Greatly reduces current load on security and judicial systems.
Cons:
1.Privacy issues.
2.Even helps in kidnapping!
3.Errors in detection may cause inconvenience to innocent users.
