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Section 5 – ISO 10110 Drawings
Optical Drawings provide a precise
Definition of your optic for fabrication.
Standards allow for a common language
to be used between you and the optician
so there is no confusion regarding the
features desired in the final part.
Advanced Optics Using Aspherical Elements
By Bernhard Braunecker, Rüdiger Hentschel, Hans J. Tiziani
ISO 10110
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ISO 10110‐1 General
• “Indications according to ISO 10110” appears on the drawing.
• The metric system for all linear dimensions is used, although
the English system can be used as well, but needs to be
indicated on the drawing. A comma is used instead of the
decimal point.
• Standard language is English (UK). Note: centring instead of
centering, colour instead of color, metre instead of meter.
• Anything described as “normative” in standard means
“mandatory”.
• Reference wavelength = 546.07 nm Mercury e line.
• Temperature = 22 ± 2° C
ISO 10110‐1 Projection
ISO 10110 Uses First Angle
Projection. In US, Third Angle
Projection is typically used.
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ISO 10110‐1 Hatching
Unhatched Hatched
Optical Elements can be unhatched or have hatching (long line, with a short
line on either side). Do not mix hatched and unhatched elements in same
drawing. For multiple elements alternate orientation of hatching.
ISO 10110‐1 Axes
Centre Line
Optical Axis
The center line is denoted by dash – dot line
The optical axis (and light path through prism) is denoted by dash-dot-dot line.
Often these are the same lines.
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ISO 10110‐1 Leader Lines
Leader lines to an area are terminated with a dot. Leader lines to a surface
are terminated with an arrow.
ISO 10110‐1 Test Areas
Test regions or optically effective surfaces can be denoted on the part if the
entire area does not need to meet some optical requirement. The diameter of
circular test regions, the “effective diameter”, is indicated by“∅e” .It defines the
region of the component surface which has optical significance.
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ISO 10110‐1 Dimensioning
Spherical surfaces are defined by the radius of curvature with a dimensional
tolerance . This tolerance indicates the range within which the actual surface
is contained. The radius of curvature tolerance can also be defined by
interferometry, but more on that later. For cylindrical surfaces, use Rcyl instead.
ISO 10110‐1 Dimensioning
The thickness is indicated as a nominal size with a (preferably symmetrical) tolerance.
In the case of lens elements having concave surfaces, the overall thickness should be
indicated within parenthesis in addition to the axial thickness.
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ISO 10110‐1 Bevels & Chamfers
Sharp Edge
Bevel
Chamfer
ISO 10110‐1 Dimensioning
Parts specified to have protective chamfers or small bevels are dimensioned
without regard to the chamfers or bevels, i.e. the dimensions refer to the theoretical
intersection of the surfaces (“sharp edge condition”). Such dimensions shall be
identified by appending “theor” to the indication.
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ISO 10110‐1 Angles
Use capital Roman letters to indicate surfaces. The angles between surface E
and the surfaces A, B, C and D are called “pyramidal angles”.
ISO 10110‐1 Angles
For prisms, the optical ray path and deflection angle may be shown. The deflection
angle is the angle between the directions of the incident and emergent rays. Unless
otherwise specified, the incident ray is perpendicular to the entrance surface. The
deflection angle is given with a ± tolerance. An error in the ray deviation in the
directions perpendicular to the plane of the drawing is known as “pyramidal
deviation error”.
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ISO 10110‐1 Materials Specs
ISO 10110‐2 Stress Birefringence
The cooling process can create stress within glass. This leads to polarization
effects.
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ISO10110‐2 Stress Birefringence
The Stress Birefringence tolerance is denoted by the code 0/ followed
by a number indicating the permissible OPD in nm/cm of glass path.
Several example values are shown below.
ISO 10110‐3 Bubbles & Inclusions
The Bubbles and Inclusions tolerance is denoted by the code 1/ followed
by N x A, where N is the maximum number of bubbles of maximal size and
A is the square root of the projected area of the largest allowable bubble in mm.
A larger number of smaller bubbles
is acceptable as long as the cumulative
value doesn’t exceed to NxA2
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ISO 10110‐4 Inhomogeneity & Striae
The Inhomogeneity and Striae tolerance is denoted by the code 2/ followed
A; B, where A is the Inhomogeneity Class and B is the Striae Class.
Inhomogeneity Class
Striae Class
ISO10110‐5 Surface Form Tolerances
Part 5 of the standard gives an alternative method for tolerancing the surface
shape. Previously, we defined a tolerance on the radius of curvature of the
surfaces. Surface form tolerances use Code 3/.
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ISO10110‐5 Surface Form Tolerances
To understand the values A, B and C and RMSx in the Surface Form Tolerance,
we need to understand the wavefront shape.
RMSt = RMS Error A = PV Error
ISO10110‐5 Surface Form Tolerances
We can further break down wavefront irregularity
B = PV Error
RMSt = RMS Error A = PV Error RMSi = RMS Error
C = PV Error RMSa = RMS Error
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ISO10110‐5 Surface Form Tolerances
Z11 , and Z11 , Z02 ,
Z 04 , , Z06 , Other Z n m ,
ISO10110‐5 Fringe Spacings
Units for the various quantities are either given as “Fringe Spacings”, which
correspond to the number of / 2 steps in surface deformation due to double
pass or in straight surface deformation in nanometers. The wavelength is
assumed to be the Mercury e-line = 546.07 nm unless otherwise specified.
The picture shows approximately
5 fringe spacings which corresponds
to a 5(546.07 nm) / 2 = 1.365 m gap
between the part and test plate at the
edge of the part.
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ISO 10110‐5 Surface Form
Tolerances Examples
ISO 10110‐5 Surface Form
Tolerances Examples
Add this to specify a sub-aperture in e
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ISO 10110‐6 Centring Tolerances
Part 6 describes tilt and decentration tolerences and is specified by code 4/.
Units are arcmin and/or arcsec for angles and mm for decentration.
ISO 10110‐6 Centring Tolerances
“Datum Axes” need to be defined. Angles or distances L are measured
relative to these axes.
Use leaders with a
triangle on the end
and t letter to specify
a datum feature. These
features help define the
data axes.
Here A refers to an aspheric
surface defining a datum
axis which corresponds to
the axis of symmetry of the
asphere.
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ISO 10110‐6 Centring Tolerances
Other examples of Datum Axes are shown below. Use for a point on the
datum axis if needed.
Here A refers to the outer cylinder
of the lens. The datum axis becomes
the axis of the cylinder.
Here A refers to the center of curvature
of the first surface and B refers to the cylinder
located a distance a away. The datum axis
becomes the axis connecting c1 to the
center of the cylinder B.
ISO 10110‐7 Surface Imperfections
Part 7 describes surface imperfection tolerances. Examples of these are
scratches, scuffs, coating blemishes and edge chips. Code 5/ is used
to specify these factors for a surface and 15/ for assemblies.
Number x Sqrt( Area in mm)
Number x Sqrt( Area in mm)
Number x width in mm
Sqrt( Area in mm)
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MIL‐PRF‐13830B Surface
Imperfections
• Routinely used instead of ISO 10110‐7
• Known as Scratch & Dig
• Scratch is an arbitrary number related to a set
of master scratches that are used for
comparison.
• Scratch is not a dimension or width! Common
error in literature and web pages.
• Dig is the size of a pit in the surface in microns
divided by 10.
Scratch & Dig
www.savvyoptics.com
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Scratch & Dig Specifications
• 80‐50 are standard quality
• 60‐40 precision quality
• 20‐10 high precision quality
• Usually these are cosmetic defects unless
surface is near image plane or high power is
passing through the system that can cause
damage due to scattered light.
ISO 10110‐8 Surface Texture
Part 8 describes surface texture tolerances. The are Matte (Ground) surfaces
where the rms surface roughness is >> , and Smooth (Polished or molded)
surfaces where the rms surface roughness is <
These features are denoted on the
drawings by a labeled “checkmark”.
The checkmark can be in the surface
description or on the actual drawing.
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ISO 10110‐8 Surface Texture
Matte surfaces are denoted with a G (Ground)
Rq is the rms surface roughness
ISO 10110‐9 Surface Treatments
and Coatings
Part 9 describes surface treatings such as protective coatings or paint, as
well as optical coatings such as AR and mirror.
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ISO 10110‐10 Tabular Format
ISO 10110‐11 Default Specs
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ISO 10110‐12 Aspheric Surfaces
ISO 10110‐17 Laser Damage
Thresholds
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ISO 10110‐17 Laser Damage
Thresholds
ISO 10110‐14 Wavefront
Deformation
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