Proceedings of the 2017 4th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering
28-30 September, 2017, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Design and Performance of Power Generation Using
Speed Breaker with the Help of Rack and Pinion
Mechanism
Md. Emran Hossain1, Md. Rokib Hasan2, Kazi Tahsan Ahmed3, Md. Naoshat Munim Shawon4
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
American International University Bangladesh
Ka-66/1, Kuratoli Road, Kuril, Khilkhet, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
Abstract—Power is everything in this recent world, from the of raw element, like sunlight, water, wind, tide, geothermal etc.
beginning of science still people try to discover the sources, modify All these sources have a vast and inexhaustible energy supply
and develop many concepts and methods for a better future. The that's why renewable energies are also eco-friendly but the non-
efficiency of power generation is the key to making a country renewable energy is not. For generating power through the non-
economically enriched. This project includes how to utilize the renewable source of energy is more costly than renewable
energy which is wasted when the vehicles pass over a speed energy. That's why the developing countries that lag behind
breaker. The proposed project has been designed with the help of technical assets and financial limitation need to generate power
Rack and Pinion mechanism of converting rotational energy into by using those kinds of technology which will minimize their
electrical energy, to proper utilization of wasted energy during the
cost in this sector. Now a day's newly developed technology try
passing over of speed breaker. This method provides an efficient
way to generate electricity from the kinetic energy of moving
to improve the cost effectiveness for generating power thus they
vehicles in roads, highways etc. The power developed found can be more effective for a country. One of the systems that can
205.2864 MW and percentage of error was found 25.90% (per generate electricity in the low cost can be used for developing
year), which is the very compatible with the other mechanism. The country like Bangladesh. There are so many people in this
practical results show that proposed project is highly promising country that are why it is needed to use so many vehicles for
for future renewable technology, which can be used as the eco- transporting for that reason one such a technique by which it is
friendly power generation technology. possible the power generation from the road by using speed
breaker through rack and pinion, and the pressure of the vehicles
Keywords—Rack and pinion; speed breaker; renewable as an input. Renewable energy sources are getting popular day
technology; generation of power by day. Different renewable sources like solar, biogas, wind etc.
all the sources of energy are not capable of reaching the demand
I. INTRODUCTION of generation of electricity. In the recent years, some other
The rapid growth of modern civilization and mechanisms except renewable energy sources speed breaker
industrialization increases the demand for more Electricity. The technology like crankshaft, roller and rack and pinion are using
ratio of the producing of electricity is not proportioned to the to produce electricity from speed breaker on the road and
demand. In the statistic, more about 32% people can use the highways. Basically, mechanical energy is converted to
electricity in Bangladesh. 22% of the rural area is covered with electrical energy [4-7].
electricity [1]. Thus, electricity can be generated using vehicle weight and
The world without power without electricity cannot be speed as input. In this project, the generation of electricity from
imagined. Everything in this era depends on power without this the vehicle pressure has been proposed. The total installed
it is impossible to fulfill the needs of the generation. Everything electrical generation capacity in Bangladesh is 12,229 MW.
that happens in the world is the expression of the flow of power Among these installed electrical generation capacity,
or can be said energy in one of its forms [2]. 6440(53%) MW from public sector and 5,789(47%) MW from
private sector while Natural Gas produces 7628(62.38%) MW,
In the recent years, due to the conventional way of producing furnace oil produces 2565 (20.97%) MW, diesel 956(7.82%)
the electricity, a huge amount of carbon-dioxide and other MW and coal produces 250(2.04%) MW, hydropower
environment polluted gasses emitted and proper alternative production 230(1.88%) MW and Imported power 600(4.91%)
ways to produce energy like renewable energies are considered MW. The maximum demand served was on 09 April 2016 with
for reduction of carbon-dioxide emission [3]. 8348 MW [8].
There are so many sources to produce or generate power
either renewable or non-renewable way. Generally, the main
source to produce power is the non-renewable system. But the
problem is their row element to generate power is not infinite,
on the other hand, renewable energies have an infinite amount
978-1-5386-0869-2/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
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II. ANALYTICAL COMPARISON IV. OPERATION AND PROCEDURE
A. Crankshaft mechanism
In the Crankshafts mechanism to generate electricity, vertically
movement is converted to rotational movement. Due to heavy
weight, vibrations and balancing problem of the Crankshafts
mechanism caused to damage the bearings used in the
mechanism [9].
B. Roller mechanism
In the process of Roller Mechanism, the mechanical energy
converted to electrical energy. A Roller is installed by using Fig. 2. Make hole the wood
some grip in a speed breaker. When a vehicle passes over the Fig.2 represents the process of the hole the wood. In the
speed breaker it rotates the roller and the movement of the roller project, we used wood instead of steel to reduce the project cost.
is used to rotates the shaft of the DC generator, it produces A wood frame was selected and marked according to the design.
electricity [10]. Thus, the wood made a hole at the marked place.
C. Rack and Pinion Mechanism
In this mechanism, the kinetic energy converted into electrical
energy. When a vehicle moves on the speed breaker, the rack
will be pushed down. This rack is connected with pinion, so it
will be rotated. This rotated pinion will rotate the generator and
it will produce electricity. Hence, we have used this mechanism
due to their better efficiency and effectiveness of designing.
III. PROPOSED MODEL
Fig. 3. Cutting the rod
Fig.3 represents the cutting the rod and put it in the gear and
the bearing. Since we used bearing for that reason we had to cut
the rod by measuring the bearing hole using vernier scale to
ensure that the rod diameter is exactly to the bearing hole.
Fig. 4. Joining gear using welding
Fig. 1. Proposed rack and pinion model
Fig.4 represents the joining of the rod and gear using
welding. By putting this inside the bearing, it was joined with
Fig.1 represents all the parameters used in the mechanism. wood frame.
Due to the continuous movements to the downward direction of
the rack the pinion will rotate. Thus, the electricity will generate
since the pinion is connected to the shaft of DC generator
directly. In this mechanism, the kinetic energy converted into
electrical energy. When a vehicle moves on the speed breaker,
the rack will be pushed down. This rack is connected with the
pinion, so the pinion will be rotated. This rotation will rotate the
generator and it will produce electricity.
Fig. 5. Adjoining of spring and pipe
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Fig.5 represents the adjoining of spring and pipe. There were
two types of GI pipe needed one less than springs diameter and
another is bigger than springs diameter for making a suspension
type thing which will absorb and release the pressure. For
making it stable slim one was in the spring and another type was
outside the spring and both of them were well welded with steel
sheet.
Fig. 8. Final scenario of the project
Fig.8 represents the final view of the project. Fig. 8 (a) shows
the front side and Fig (b) shows the rear side. All the parameters
are used to implement the total system. To obtain the maximum
rotation, there should have a minimum gap between the speed
breakers and the roller. The output electrical energy stored in the
battery.
Fig. 6. Adjoining of bearing inside wood V. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig.6 shows adjoining of bearing inside the wood. The wood
frames were joined with these metal, steel frames. Thus, a rack
was joined with this frame that is connected with the first gear
and also attached a spiral spring frame with the outside rod.
Fig. 7. Placing DC generator
Fig. 9. Block diagram
Fig.7 shows the replacing the DC generator in the case.
Spiral spring was attached to increase the speed of gears. When Fig.9 shows a single block diagram of a Rack and Pinion
a vehicle moves on the speed breaker, the rack will be pushed mechanism to represent the whole system. The mechanical
down. This rack is connected with the pinion, so the pinion will energy is converted to electrical energy and it stores in the
be rotated. Due to pinion rotating, spiral spring will be battery. We can connect this energy sources through the battery
compressed. Then when rack will be released this spiral spring or directly to the load (street light).
will help the pinion to rotate opposite direction with more speed.
The six pinion have been used in different sizes of teeth's. A lock VI. CALCULATION AND RESULTS
system was used as the design that will help the generator to
A. Model Calculation
rotate in one direction.
Let, the mass of a vehicle = 200 kg
Height of speed breaker = 25.4 cm
=.254 m
Work done= Force* Distance
Therefore, Force, F=Weight of the body=ma
= (200 kg*9.81 ms-1) =1962 N
The output power for one pushing force= (1962*0.254)/60
=8.31 Watts
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The calculation for per car (passing over the speed breaker) TABLE II. TECHNICAL MERITS OF VARIOUS MECHANISM
Power developed =498.6 Watts
Crankshaft Roller mechanism Rack and pinion
The calculation for one hour Power developed = (498.6 *60) S/N mechanism mechanism
= 29.92 KW
01. High costly Low costly Moderate costly
The calculation for one day Power developed = (29.92*24)
Very difficult Less difficult to Moderate
=718 KW 02.
to maintenance maintenance
High setup cost Low setup cost Moderate setup
Power developed for one month = (718*30) = 21540 KW 03.
cost
Power developed for one year = (21540*12) =258480 KW Poor efficiency Good efficiency Better efficiency
04.
B. Actual Calculation 05.
Might cause More chance to Low chance to
collision cause collision cause a collision
Generated output voltage in one pushing force of speed
[11, 12]
breaker =30 V
Current in one pushing force of speed breaker =0.22 A TABLE III. COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF OTHER AVAILABLE
TECHNICS
The power developed for one push, P=V*I= (30*0.22)
Power developed
Watts=6.6 Watts. Time (KW)
Therefore, P=6.6 Watts S/N Rack-pinion Roller
Power developed for one hour= (3600*6.6) Watts Mechanism Mechanism
=23.76 KW one hour 23.76 7.29
01.
Power developed for one day= (24*23.76) KW= 570.24 KW 02. one day 570.24 174.96
03. one month 17107.2 5248.8
Power developed for one month= (30*570.24) KW=17107.2 04. one year 205286.4 62985.6
KW
Power developed for one year= (17107.2*12)
KW=205286.4 KW 54
52 Power (Watt) vs. Pushing (S)
Therefore, Percentage Error= [(Model Power - Actual
Power)/Actual Power]*100 50
= [(258480 - 205286.4)/ 205286.4]*100 48
=25.91% 46
Power (Watt)
44
TABLE I. SHOWS THE OUTPUT POWER THAT GOT FROM THE
PROJECT 42
40
Output Output Output
Weight 38
S/N Pressure Voltage Current Power
(Kg) (Ampere) (Watt)
(Volt) 36
34
32
01. 70 1st Pushing 30 0.22 6.6 4 5 6 7
Pushing (S)
Fig. 10. Power (Watt) vs. pushing (S)
Fig.10 shows the relationship between power and pushing.
02. 70 2nd Pushing 53 0.36 19.08 1st pushing output power is 6.6 Watt and 2nd pushing output
power is 19.08 Watt. After some pushing output power is 52.49
Watt.
After some
03. 70 0.72 52.49
Pushing 72.9 VII. CONCLUSION
This proposed project can be placed where so many vehicles are
passed everyday like at the starting of the flyover and also at the
Table. I represent the output scenario of voltage, current, and
end of its or on busy roads, then the produced energy will be
power. It shows a 70 Kg weight objects for multiple pushing
much more compared to the experimental result. In
data sample of Voltage, current, output power and analysis of
metropolitan cities can be implemented this. Though comparing
them.
10
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