2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 Supplementary Problems ‘Three kids in a parking lot launch a rocket that rises into the air along a 380-m long are in 40 s. Determine its average speed. Ans. 9.5 m/s According to its computer, a robot that left its closet and traveled 1200 m, had an average speed of 20.0 m/s. How long did the trip take? Ans, 60.05. 1°s odometer reads 22687 km at the start of a trip and 22791 km at the end. The trip took 4.0 hours. average speed in kmjh and in m/s? Ans. 26 km/h, 7.2 mjs An auto travels at the rate of 25 km/h for 4.0 minutes, then at 50 km/h for 8.0 minutes, and finally at 20 kmjh for 2.0 minutes. Find (a) the total distance covered in km and (5) the average speed for the complete trip in m/s. As. (a) 9.0 kin; (5) 10.7 m/s or 11 m/s A runner travels 1.5 laps around a circular track in a time of $0 s, The diameter of the track is 40 m and its circumference is 126 m. Find (a) the average speed of the runner and (b) the magnitude of the runner's average velocity. Be careful here; average speed depends on the total distance traveled, whereas average velocity depends on the displacement at the end of the particular journey. Ans. (a) 3.8 m/s; (6) 0.80 m/s During a race on an oval track, a car travels at an average speed of 200 km/h, (a) How far did it travel in 45.0 min? (b) Determine its average velocity at the end of its third lap. Ans. (a) 150 km; (b) zero.229 2.30 231 23 2.35 2.36 238 2.39 2.40 241 2a ‘The following data describe the position of an object along the x-axis as @ function of time, Plot the data, and find the instantaneous velocity of the object at (a) 1 = 5.0 s, (b) 16 s, and (c) 23 s. Ans. (a) 0.018 1mjs in the positive x-direction; (b) 0 m/s; (c) 0.013 m/s inthe negative x-direction as) | 0 2 4 6 8 lo 12) 14 «16 «18 200 22) 24 «6260 xem] 0 40 78 113 143 168 186 19.7 20.0 195 182 162 135 103 67 For the object whose motion is described in Problem 2.29, find its velocity at the following times: (a) 3.0 s, (®) 10s, and (¢) 24s. Ans. (a) 1.9 emis in the positive x-direction; (b) 1.1 em/s in the positive direction; (¢) 1.5 emis in the negative direction For the object whose motion is plotted in Fig. 2-3, find its instantaneous velocity at the following times: (@) 1.05, (6) 40s, and (c) 10s. Aus. (a) 3.3 m)s in the positive y-direction; (6) 1.0 mis in the positive y-direction; (°) 0.83 mjs in the negative y-direction ‘A body with initial velocity 8.0 mjs moves along a straight line with constant acceleration and travels 640 m in 40's. For the 40's interval, find (a) the average velocity, (b) the final velocity, and (c) the acceler- ation, Ans. (a) 16 m/s; (b) 24 mys; (€) 0.40 ms? A truck starts from rest and moves with a constant acceleration of $.0 m/s®, Find its speed and the distance traveled after 4.0 s has elapsed. Ans. 20 m/s, 40m ‘A box slides down an inctine with uniform acceleration, It starts from rest and attains a speed of 2.7 m/s in 3.0 s. Find (a) the acceleration and (4) the distance moved in the first 6.0.s. Ans, (a)0.90 mis*;(b) 16 m ‘A car is accelerating uniformly as it passes two checkpoints that are 30 m apart. The time taken between checkpoints is 4.0 s, and the car’s speed at the first checkpoint is 5.0 m/s. Find the car’s aeceleration and its speed at the second checkpoint. Ans. 1.3 m/s?, 10 m/s. An auto's velocity increases uniformly from 6.0 m/s to 20 m/s while covering 70 m in straight line. Find the acceleration and the time taken. “Ans. 2.6 mis*, 5.4 8, A plane starts from rest and accelerates ina straight line along the ground before takeoff It moves 600 m in 125s, Find (a) the acceleration, (h) speed at the end of 12, and (e) the distance moved during the twelfth second, Ans. (a) 8.3 m/s*; (6) 0.10 km/s; (6) 96 m_ A train cunning along a straight track at 30 m/s is slowed uniformly to a stop in 44s, Find the acceleration and the stopping distance. Ans. ~0.68 mys", 0.66 km or 6.6 x 10° m An object moving at 13 ms slows uniformly at the rate of 2.0 m/s each second for a time of 6.0 s, Determine (a) its final speed, (b) its average speed during the 6.0.s, and (c) the distance moved in the 6.0 s Ans. (a) 1.0 mjs: (b) 7.0 mis; (¢) 42 m. A body falls freely from rest, Find (a) its acceleration, (b) the distance it falls in 3.0, () its speed after falling 70m, (d) the time required to reach a speed of 25 m/s, and (e) the time taken to fall 300m, Ans. (a) 9.8 m/s"; (b) 44 m; (e) 37 mis; (d) 2.6 55 (e) 7.8 8 A marble dropped from a bridge strikes the water in 5.0 s. Caleulate (a) the speed with which it strikes and (b) the height of the bridge. Ans. (a) 49 m/s; (b) 0.12 km or 1.2 x 10° m A stone is thrown straight downward with initial speed 8.0 m/s from a height of 25 m. Find (a) the time it takes to reach the ground and (6) the speed with which it strikes. Ans, (a) 1.6 s; (0) 24 mis2.43 244 2.45 2.46 2.48 2.49 2.50 251 282 253 2.54 A baseball is thrown straight upward with a speed of 30 m/s. (a) How long will it rise? (6) How high will it rise? (c) How long after it leaves the hand will it return to the starting point? (d') When will its speed be 16 m/s? Ans. (a) 3.1 s; (6) 46 m; (@) 6.1 s;(d) 14s and 4.7 s A bottle dropped from a balloon reaches the ground in 20 s, Determine the height of the balloon if (a) it was at rest in the air and (b) it was ascending with a speed of 50 m/s when the bottle was dropped. Ans. 2.0 km; (6) 0.96 km. ‘Two balls are dropped to the ground from different heights. One is dropped 1.5 s after the other, but they both strike the ground at the same time, 5.0 s after the first was dropped. (a) What is the difference in the heights from which they were dropped? (b) From what height was the first ball dropped? Ans. (a) 63 m: () 0.12 km A nut comes loose from a bolt on the bottom of an elevator as the elevator is moving up the shaft at 3.00 m/s. The nut strikes the bottom of the shaft in 2.00 s. (a) How far from the bottom of the shaft was the evator when the nut fell off? (6) How far above the bottom was the nut 0.25 s after it fell off? Ans. (a) 13.6 m; (6) 14m A marble, rolling with speed 20 m/s, rolls off the edge of a table that is 80 em high. (a) How long does it take to drop to the floor? (b) How far, horizontally, from the table edge does the marble strike the floor? Ans. (a) 0.40 s; (b) 8.1 em. A body projected upward from the level ground at an angle of 50° with the horizontal has an initial speed of (a How long will it take to hit the ground? (6) Flow fur from the starting point will t strike? (c) At what angle with the horizontal will it strike? Ans. (a) 6.3 s; (6) 0.16 km; (c) 50 A body is projected downward at an angle of 30° with the horizontal from the top of a building 170 m high, Its initial speed is 40 m/s. (a) How long will it take before striking the ground? (b) How far from the foot of the building will it strike? (c) At what angle with the horizontal will it strike? Ans. (a) 4.2 s; (6)0.15 km: (©) 0 A hose lying on the ground shoots a stream of water upward at an angle of 40° to the horizontal. The speed of the water is 20 m/s as it leaves the hose. How high up will it strike a wall which is 8.0 m away? Ans. Sm ‘A World Series batter hits home run ball with a velocity of 40 m/s at an angle of 26° above the horizontal, AA fielder who can reach 3.0 m above the ground is backed up against the bleacher wall, which is 110 m from home plate. The ball was 120 em above the ground when hit. How high above the fielder’s glove does the ball pass? Ans. 6.0m Prove that a gun will shoot three times as high when its angle of elevation is 60° as when it is 30°, but the bullet will carry the same horizontal distance, A ball is thrown upward at an angle of 30° to the horizontal and lands on the top edge of a building that is 20 m away. The top edge is 5.0 m above the throwing point, How fast was the ball thrown? Ans. 20 mis A ball is thrown straight upward with a speed v from a point A meters above the ground. Show that the time taken for the ball to strike the ground is (u/g)[l1 + y/1 + (2hg/0")]