Downsizing
& Galaxy
Formation
P. McCarthy
OCIW
Gemini Deep
Deep Survey
2nd Mitchell Symposium - April 2006 Team
How are Galaxies Formed?
Monolithic Collapse Hierarchical
ala ELS Assembly
The Hierarchical Merger Tree
-----------------Z = 3
--------------- Z = 1
------------- Z=0
Two Kinds of Galaxies
-------------------------------
Red
Massive-Passive
Light-Active
Blue
3 x 1010Msun
Kauffmann et al 2003
Star Formation History
Mass Assembly History
Gemini Deep Deep Survey
Gemini GMOS spectrograph
GMOS
LRIS
LDSS1
30 hour exposures - 300+ redshifts
I (Vega) ~ 24.5 1<z<2
Abraham, Glazebrook, PMcC, et al.
Stellar Mass Determinations
100,000 Model Spectral Energy Distributions
f(Age, SF history,abundance, reddening)
+
Observed Spectral Energy Distributions, Redshifts
χ 2 Best-fit Template, range of templates
Best-fit M/L, range X MK
= Mstar, range
The Most Massive Galaxies
Glazebrook et al.
Mass Downsizing
L. Cowie 1996
Three Views of Downsizing
• Stellar Mass Density Evolution
• Star Formation Histories by Mass
• Early Assembly of Massive Galaxies
Stellar Mass Density
Cosmic Stellar mass density has not
evolved at the high-mass end since z ~ 2
The Evolving Stellar Mass Density
New, improved semi-analytic models
Star Formation Histories by Mass
Massive Galaxies ceased star formation
at z > 2, low mass galaxies continued
active star formation to late epochs
Star Formation Histories
Juneau et al.
Mass Downsizing
Post Starburst Galaxies
50% Post-Star Burst
Only 1 in @ z ~ 1.5
10,000
galaxies
in LCRS
have
similar
EWs
Early Assembly of Massive Galaxies
10% of today’s stellar mass was assembled into
massive galaxies at z > 3,
and 5% before z ~ 4.
The Most Massive Galaxies
~ 20% z = 0
mass density
Glazebrook et al.
Spectral Types at z > 1.3
Star Forming
Pure Passive
Old Galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.8
<z>=1.3
Old Galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.8
<z>=1.3
<z>=1.8
Old Galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.8
<z>=1.3
<z>=1.8
<z>=0.3
Old Galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.8
<z>=1.3
<z>=1.8
2Gyr
Pegase Model
Old Galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.8
Age Fitting of 20
individual Galaxies
1.3 < z < 2.0
<zf> ~ 2.5
[Fe/H] > 0
E(B-V) ~ 1
<zf> ~ 4
[Fe/H] = 0
Star Forming Galaxies 1.3 < z < 2.0
ACS F814W
Pure Passive Systems
ACS
F814W
NICMOS
F160W
75-80%
Spheroids
Surface Brightness Profiles
Z = 1.84
0.3 < Re< 1′′
Z = 1.32
Size Distribution
Little or no
evolution
in the size
distribution
Kormendy Relation at 1.3 < z < 2
Rest Frame
V-Band
Kormendy
Diagram
Kormendy Relation at 1.3 < z < 2
Passive
Evolution
~1 mag per
unit redshift
“Old” Galaxies at z ~ 6
~ 1/2 M* @ z ~ 10!
Eyles et al. 2005
10 M*!
Mobasher et al. 2005
Basics ``Up-Sizing′′
Giant Magellan Telescope
24m Aperture
18′ x 18′ VMOS
7′ x 7′ NIRMOS
Conclusions
• Galaxy Formation Proceeds from high to low
masses
• Some of today’s massive galaxies formed
quite early
• Good prospects for JWST and ELTs
Wider or Deeper Surveys?
Wider
IMACS on the
6.5m Baade
Telescope
27′ Diameter
field of view
350-500 slits per mask
R ~ 1000
Nod & Shuffle sky subtraction
Spectral Evolution
Spectral
Classes
Passive
Intermediate
Composite
Young
Emission Absorption
Z = 0.1
M > 3 x 1010 Msun
Le Borgne et al.
Emission Absorption
Z = 1.2
M > 3 x 1010 Msun
Le Borgne et al.
Hδ Strong Fraction Post-Starburst Galaxies
M > 3 x 1010 Msun
50% of massive galaxies are post-starburst
Systems at z ~ 1 !
Massive Post Starburst Galaxies
Intermediate Mass Galaxies had their star
formation truncated at z ~ 1.5
CIRSI + LCO Wide Field IR Camera
du Pont 2.5m telescope
4 1024 x 1024 arrays
cryogenic Offner relay
16 channel electronics Persson, Murphy, Birk
Post-Starburst Galaxies
50% Post-Star Burst
Le Borgne et al.
@ z ~ 1.5
