CE-112
Engineering Drawing for Civil
Engineers
Lecture Notes by:
Dr. Mohammad Ashraf (
[email protected])
Office: CE: B109
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and
Technology, Peshawar
Course Outlines
Drawing Instruments and their Uses
Lines, Lettering and Dimensioning
Geometrical Construction
Engineering Curves, Parabola, Ellipse, Hyperbola
Projection of points, Lines, Plans and Solids
Sectional Views of Solids
Isometric Views
Building Drawings
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Course Books
Engineering Drawing by N. D. Bhatt
Essential of Drafting by James D. Bethune
Programmed Technical Drawing by Cooper and Mullin
A first Year Engineering Drawing by A. C. Parkinson
What is Technical Drawing?
Drawing is the universal language of graphics, having its
rules of grammar (ANSI, ISO), to communicate information
about the shape, size and features of a physical object
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Course Objectives
After taking this course the student shall be able:
z Not only to express his ideas and design findings on drawing paper in
the universal language of drafting
z But also to understand drawings developed by another persons
Drawing Instruments
Drawing board
Drawing papers/sheets
Tee square and Set squares
Protractor
Compass and divider
Divider
Scales
French curves
Pencil, Eraser, Pen/pointer
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Drawing Board
Available in different sizes depending on the size of drawing
paper.
Usually made from well seasoned wood with fairly smooth
surface.
At least one edge is straight called working edge.
Sizes of the board according to BS 308 are:
z Quarter Imperial : (16 x 12 in)
z Half Imperial : (23 x 16 in)
z Imperial : (32 x 23 in)
z Double Elephant : (42 x 32 in)
z Antiquarian : (54 x 32 in)
Drawing Papers/Sheets
ISO ANSI
A0 E
(840 x 1188) (34″ x 44″)
A1 D
(594 x 840) (22″ x 34″)
A2 C
(420 x 594) (17″ x 22″)
A3 B
(297 x 420) (11″ x 17″)
A4 (210 x A
297) (8.5″ x 11″)
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Tee square
Made with two parts; stock and blade, joined (rigidly) together
at right angle
The stock is made to slide along the working edge of board
and the blade moves on board.
The working edge of T-square is used to draw horizontal lines
and acts as a guide for set squares
Shall never be used to draw vertical lines directly
The working edge shall be checked for straightness
Set Squares
Triangular in shape and made usually with
plastic
Available in pair; 45o set square and 30-60o
set square
Used to draw lines at 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o
The may be combined to draw angles a 15o,
75o and 105o
They are also used to draw parallel lines
Shall be checked for accuracy of 90o
5
Protractor
Available in semi-circle shape
Used to draw and measures angles
To divide a circle
Compass and Divider
Compass
z Used to draw circles and arcs of circles
z The needle side is kept about 1.0 mm longer than the lead
point
z The compass should kept slightly inclined in the direction
of rotation
z It is desirable to used slightly softer lead in compass than
the pencils used to draw straight lines
Divider
z Used to divide curves or straight lines into desired number
of equal parts
z To transfer dimension from one part of drawing to other
z To set-off given distances from scale to the drawing
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French Curves
Used to draw curves which cannot be drawn
with compass
Available in various shapes
Pencils
Good quality pencils should be used to draw lines of uniform shade and
thickness
Available in various grades like (from soft to hard) 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B,
B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, to 9H
Softer pencils are used for sketching than those for line work
Chisel-point is used to geometry and machine drawings and Conical-point
is used for hand sketching and lettering
Beginning of drawing should be made with H or 2H pencils used very
lightly
Fair work may be done with harder pencils, e.g. 3H or harder
H and HB are used for letting an dimensioning
HB and softer pencils are used for freehand sketching
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Scales
The scale is a measuring device used to
transfer the true or relative dimensions of an
object to the drawing
Two types of scales
z Plain scales
z Diagonal scales
