READING

Created by Group One :

1. ADELIA FITRIANI 14. NURRIZKA SITORUS

2. AFIFAH HUSNAINI 15. NUR SYAFRIDA
3. AHMAD HUSEIN NST 16. PUTRI SANTRIKA
4. AZURA SRIKANDI 17. RAJA APIPAH REZEKI
5. DEA INDRIA 18. REVIZA IKHWILDA WINDARI
6. EKA PURNAMA INDAH 19. RIZKY VIOLA
7. FITRI AMALIA 20. ROCKY ARYA PRADIKA
8. LARASSANTI SUKMAWAN 21. SEPTIANA AZZAHRA
9. MHD WAHYU FITRIAN 22. SHERLY ARUAN
10. MHD NAUFAL AZKA 23. SOBIHANNUR
11. NAFA ZHAFIRAH HARTONO 24. SYARIFAH ZUHROH
12. NESSY APRILIANI 25. ZAHRATUL HAFIZAH DAULAY
13. NURHAYATI

LECTURER : ERNITA DAULAY, S.Pd, M.Hum

ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND DEPARTMENT SCIENCE ISLAMIC STATE OF
NORTH SUMATERA
2018
 ABSTRACT

Reading is one way to record students’ independent learning based on text they read.

This study was conducted to find out the students’ level of reading comprehension through

some notes written in the reading, the extent to which the activity of writing reading

improved students’ reading comprehension, whether the students got benefit from reading.

Many students find some problems in reading. A major problem faced by the students in

reading texts is that they often do not comprehend the overall ideas of the text even though

they feel that the vocabulary and sentence structure have not been major obstacles to

understanding. Content-Based Summarizing Technique has been proven to be effective in

improving college students’ ability in summarizing reading passage. Based on the previous

study of this technique, this technique, that is claimed to be applicable for students of lower

level of linguistic knowledge than college students, can be a useful technique to be applied to

help students comprehending text. This study was directed to examine the effect of reading in

terms of the significant Technique.

 CHAPTER ONE
DEFINITION OF READING

According to Klingner, et al (2007:2) states that "Reading comprehension is the

process of constructing meaning by coordinating a number of complex processes that include
word reading, word and world knowledge, and fluency" Reading comprehension is primarily
a matter of developing appropriate, eficient comprehension starategies. Some strategies are
related to bottom-up procedures, and other enchances the top-down processes (Brown,
2000:306).

According to Wilis (2008: 127): “Goals of Reading Comprehension Strategies to

build comprehension are available to increase neural efficiency at each step of the
comprehension process”. It means the purpose of reading comprehension strategies is that the
students can improve efficiency neural of process comprehension the text.

According to Dechant (1982: 311) states that “comprehension includes the correct
association of meanings with word symbols, the selection of the correct meaning suggested
by the context, the organization and retention of meaning, the ability to reason one‟s way
through smaller idea segments, and ability to grasp the meaning of a larger unitary idea”.

According to Mr.Juel in the book Mr.Sandjaja (2005)

Reading is a process to get to know words and integrate them into words and into sentences
and reading structures.

While Juel (Sandjaja, 2005) imply that reading is the process of knowing the meaning
of words in a sentence and integrating and the structure of readings, so the end of the process
of reading is a person capable of making the essence of reading.

Described also by Tarin (1985 ) that reading is a process undertaken and used by
readers to obtain the message , a method used to communicate with yourself and sometimes
others, which communicates the meaning contained or implied in the written symbols .
Broughton ( Scissors , 2005 ) suggested reading is a skill that is understanding
(comprehension skills) that can be considered to be in a higher order ( higher order ).
 Davies ( Sugiarto , 2001) provide an understanding of reading as a process of mental
or cognitive process in which a reader should be able to follow and respond to the message of
the author .

Furthermore , Bowman and Bowman ( Sugiarto , 2001) suggests that reading is an

appropriate means to promote a lifelong learning.

Reading process according to Burn , danRoss Roe (1984 ) is a symbol of acceptance

by the sensory process , then mengintererpretasikan symbol , or the word is seen or perceived
, to follow the logic and grammatical patterns of written words that the author , recognizing
the relationship between symbols and sounds between words words and what you want to
display , connect the words back to the direct experience to provide meaningful words and
remember what they learned in the past and incorporate new ideas and facts and approve
individual interests and attitudes that feel the reading task.

Chambers and Lowry ( Burn , Roe and Ross , 1984) also underlines menegasakan
same thing that reading is more than just recognizing the words but also brings great
memories , feel and defines some desire , identify a solution to memunuhi desire , choose
how Alternatively, experiment with selecting , rejecting or controlling a selected path or way
, and think of some ways of evaluation results.
 CHAPTER TWO
KIND OF READING

1. Intensive Reading
Intensive reading is text reading or passage reading. In this reading the learner read the
text to get knowledge or analysis. The goal of this reading is to read shorter text. This reading
is done to carry out to get specific information. Learner reads book to acquire knowledge is
the kind of intensive reading.
Intensive reading will provide a basis for explaining difficulties of structure and for
extending knowledge of vocabulary and idioms. It will also provide material for developing
greater control of the language in speech and writing.

2. Extensive Reading
Material for extensive reading will be selected at a lower level of difficulty than that for
intensive reading. The purpose of extensive reading will be to train the student to read
directly and fluently in the target language for enjoyment, without the aid of the lecturer.

3. Aloud Reading
Reading aloud also play important role in teaching of English. Teacher should know that
the training of reading aloud must be given at primary level because it is the base of words
pronunciation.

4. Silent Reading

Silent reading is a very important skill in teaching of English. This reading should be
employed to increase reading ability among learners. Silent reading is done to acquire a lot of
information. Teacher has to make them read silently as and when they are able to read
without any difficulties.

5. Read Silently
Reading in the heart is an activity of reading carefully that is done to understand and also
understand the intent and purpose of the author in the written media.
 CHAPTER THREE
TECHNIQUES OF READING

4 Reading Techniques :

 Scanning
You probably use this reading method more times in a day than the other
techniques. Scanning involves looking ONLY for specific information (such as keywords,
numbers, names, etc.) while omitting other details. There are three things you need to process
in your mind before scanning a material:
 Objective – what am I supposed to be looking for?
 Type of material to be scanned – where can I get the information I need?
The layout – How is this info in this material arranged?

 Skimming
Skimming involves reading more in less time. Unlike scanning, you first need to get

the main idea of the material before looking for certain details that back it up. This

works best for non-fiction works.

Similar to other reading techniques, you need to establish the following before skimming can
be called successful:

 Objective – what do I need from this material?

 Main Idea – what is the main message or thought of this piece?
 Supporting Data – how can I prove that this is the main idea of the material

 Intensive Reading

Intensive reading is the most time-consuming of all the reading techniques. The main goal

here is to retain information for the long-term.

This method is recommended especially for language students, as it helps them truly grasp
the meaning of the words in context. But it’s also great for analyzing reports and detailed
research. Used in conjunction with skimming and scanning, intensive reading can widen your
horizons and help you keep important information longer.

Read intensively when:

 you get new contracts, business proposals, or memos. Avoid simply skimming or
scanning the contents of these papers. It may seem bothersome, particular as these use
technical English, but you don’t want to sign anything that you don’t fully
understand.
 using the company chatroom or replying to emails. How many times has it
happened that you quickly replied to a coworker or your boss – only to lead to a
misunderstanding?

 Extensive Reading
Extensive reading focuses on reading for pleasure. You choose your own material, your

pace, as well as how you’ll interpret the content of what you’ve just read. This strategy is

great not only for fiction works, but also if you want to improve your writing, and expand

your vocabulary. It helps develop a reader’s.

 Independence – when people read for pleasure, they’ll be surprised at how

pleasurable the activity really is. In time, they will grow their own book collection
and pick up reading habits.
 Comprehension – when you have the freedom to choose what you read, you can
learn comfortably at your own pace.
 General Knowledge – with extensive reading, you’ll feel free to discover new things
everyday. As there’s no pressure at all, you unconsciously open yourself up to the
world and its vast share of knowledge
 CHAPTER FOUR
BENEFIT OF READING

1. Mental Stimulation

Studies have shown that staying mentally stimulated can slow the progress of (or possibly
even prevent) Alzheimer’s and Dementia, since keeping your brain active and engaged
prevents it from losing power.
Just like any other muscle in the body, the brain requires exercise to keep it strong and
healthy, so the phrase “use it or lose it” is particularly apt when it comes to your mind. Doing
puzzles and playing games such as chess have also been found to be helpful with cognitive
stimulation.

2. Stress Reduction

No matter how much stress you have at work, in your personal relationships, or
countless other issues faced in daily life, it all just slips away when you lose yourself in a
great story. A well-written novel can transport you to other realms, while an engaging article
will distract you and keep you in the present moment, letting tensions drain away and
allowing you to relax.

Everything you read fills your head with new bits of information, and you never know when
it might come in handy. The more knowledge you have, the better-equipped you are to tackle
any challenge you’ll ever face.
Additionally, here’s a bit of food for thought: should you ever find yourself in dire
circumstances, remember that although you might lose everything else—your job, your
possessions, your money, even your health—knowledge can never be taken from you.

3. Knowledge

Everything you read fills your head with new bits of information, and you never know
when it might come in handy. The more knowledge you have, the better-equipped you are to
tackle any challenge you’ll ever face.
Additionally, here’s a bit of food for thought: should you ever find yourself in dire
circumstances, remember that although you might lose everything else—your job, your
possessions, your money, even your health—knowledge can never be taken from you.
 4. Vocabulary Expansion

This goes with the above topic:

The more you read, the more words you gain exposure to, and they’ll inevitably make their
way into your everyday vocabulary.
Being articulate and well-spoken is of great help in any profession, and knowing that you can
speak to higher-ups with self-confidence can be an enormous boost to your self-esteem. It
could even aid in your career, as those who are well-read, well-spoken, and knowledgeable
on a variety of topics tend to get promotions more quickly (and more often) than those with
smaller vocabularies and lack of awareness of literature, scientific breakthroughs, and global
events.
Reading books is also vital for learning new languages, as non-native speakers gain exposure
to words used in context, which will ameliorate their own speaking and writing fluency.

5. Memory Improvement

When you read a book, you have to remember an assortment of characters, their
backgrounds, ambitions, history, and nuances, as well as the various arcs and sub-plots that
weave their way through every story. That’s a fair bit to remember, but brains are marvellous
things and can remember these things with relative ease.

6. Better Writing Skills

This goes hand-in-hand with the expansion of your vocabulary:
Exposure to published, well-written work has a noted effect on one’s own writing, as
observing the cadence, fluidity, and writing styles of other authors will invariably influence
your own work.
In the same way that musicians influence one another and painters use techniques established
by previous masters, so do writers learn how to craft prose by reading the works of others
 CONCLUSION

Reading is something that involves many things,not only just recite writing but also
involve activities visual, thinking, psycholinguistic, and metacognitive. As a visual
process.reading is the process of translating the writing symbol (letter) into in spoken or
spoken words. As a process of thinking, reading includes word recognition, literal
understanding, interpretation, critical reading and creative.

KIND OF READING :
- Intensive Reading - Silent Reading
- Extensive Reading - Read Silently
- Aloud Reading

TECHNIQUES OF READING :
- Scanning
- Skimming
- Intensive Reading
- Extensive Reading

Benefit of Reading :
-Mental Stimulation
- Stress Reduction
- Knowledge
- Vocabulary Expansion
- Memory Improvement
- Better Writing Skills
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