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Motor Controller

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Shimels Chekole
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206 views174 pages

Motor Controller

Uploaded by

Shimels Chekole
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© © All Rights Reserved
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123
E
D
O
M

MultiMode™ AC IND
MOTOR CONTRO

© 2007 CURTIS INSTRUME

DESIGN OF CURTIS 1200


CONTROLLERS PROTECTE
PATENT NO. 462675 0.

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CONTENTS
Sheet Music

1. OVERVIEW ....................... ....................... ...................... ..........1

2. INSTALLATION AND WIRING.............................................4


Mounting the Controller .....................................................4
Connections: Low Current..................... ....................... ......6
Connections: High Current ................... ....................... ......7
Wiring: Standard Configuration A, no multiplexer .............8
Wiring: Standard Configuration B, with multiplexer ........10
Wiring: Standard Configuration C, with multiplexer
and a proportional valve on the hydraulic line.............12
Wiring: Throttles .................... ....................... ...................14
5kΩ–0 two-wire resistive throttle (“Type 1”) ...............15
Single-ended 0–5V, current source,
and 3-wire pot throttles (“Type 2”) .....................15
0–5kΩ two-wire resistive throttle (“Type 3”)...............17
Wigwag 0–5V and 3-wire pot throttles (“Type 4”)......17
Three-step switch throttle (“Type 5”) ...................... ....18
Wiring: Auxiliary Drivers .................... ...................... ........18
Wiring: Emergency Reverse ................... ....................... ....18
Wiring: Emergency Reverse Check .................... ...............19
Wiring: Spyglass Display..................... ...................... ........19
Wiring: Tiller Multiplexer ...................... ....................... ....20
Contactor, Switches, and Other Hardware ..................... ....20

3. PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS ...............23


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Vehicle Parameters
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Rate Parameters.................... 25
Acceleration Rate, Deceleration Rate,
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Sequencing Parameters...................... ...................... ...........30
Sheet Music Interlock Normally Open, Sequencing Delay,
SRO, HPD, Main Contactor Interlock Type,
Main Contactor Open Delay,
Main Contactor Check
Brake Parameters....................... ....................... ..................32
Brake Fault Check, Brake Delay,
Brake Hold Voltage, Brake Driver Type,
Anti-Rollback Time
Emergency Reverse Parameters ..........................................33
Wiring Check, Speed, Direction Interlock,
Time Limit, Accel Rate, Switch Normally Closed

Motor & Control Parameters


Motor Parameters .............................................................35
Min Motor Voltage, Nominal Motor Voltage,
Nominal Motor Frequency, Max Motor Speed,
Number of Motor Poles, Encoder Pulses
Per Revolution, Swap Encoder Direction,
Failsafe You're Reading a Preview
Control Parameters ...........................................................36
P Gain, Unlock full access with a free trial.
Pull-Out Voltage,
Accel Comp, Download With Free Trial

System Parameters
Battery Parameters .............................................................38
Full Battery Voltage, Empty Battery Voltage,
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Hourmeter Parameters .......................................................39
Enable Total Service Hours
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Hydraulics Parameters...................... ....................... ...........40
Sheet Music Lift PV Max, Lift PV Min,
Lift PV Accel Rate, Lift PV Decel Rate,
Lower PV Max, Lower PV Min,
Lower PV Accel Rate, Lower PV Decel Rate,
PV Dither, Pump Start Delay,
Pump BDI Lockout, Lift PV Hold Delay,
Load Hold Delay, Open Load Hold During Lift,
Hyd Throttle Type, Hyd Throttle Deadband,
Hyd Throttle Max, Hyd Throttle Map,
Max Pump Run Time
Other System Parameters ...................................................43
Power Save Delay, Mux Inputs Enabled,
Inhibit Input Type, Auxiliary Output Type,
Fault Code

Controller Cloning .....................................................................44

4. MONITOR MENU ...................... ....................... ...................45


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5. ....................... ....................... ....46
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6. ADJUSTMENT ..................... .51


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7. TING....................54
LED Diagnostics ................................................................54
Spyglass Diagnostics..................... ....................... ...............55
Programmer Diagnostics ....................................................55
Troubleshooting Chart Sign up to vote on this title...........55
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8. MAINTENANCE ..................... .58
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News

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Sheet Music
FI G . 1: Curtis 1230 AC motor controller..................... ...................... .. 1
FI G . 2: Mounting dimensions, Curtis 1230 controller ...................... .. 4
FI G . 3: Standard wiring configuration A,
for applications without tiller multiplexer ....................... ......... 8
FI G . 4: Standard wiring configuration B,
for applications with tiller multiplexer .................... ............... 10
FI G . 5: Standard wiring configuration C,
for applications with tiller multiplexer and PV ..................... 12
FI G . 6: Wiring for 5kΩ–0 potentiometer (“Type 1”) ..................... .... 15
FI G . 7: Wiring for 0–5V voltage sources (“Type 2”) ....................... ... 15
FI G . 8: Wiring for current source (“Type 2”) ...................... ............... 16
FI G . 9: Wiring for 3-wire potentiometer (“Type 2”) ....................... ... 16
FIG . 10: Wiring for 0–5kΩ potentiometer (“Type 3”) ..................... .... 17
FIG . 11: Wiring for wigwag 3-wire potentiometer (“Type 4”).............. 17
FIG . 12: Wiring guide You're Reading a Preview
Curtis 840 ....................... ....... 19
FIG . 13: Wiring guide Unlock full access with a free trial.
Curtis 1312 ............... 20
FIG . 14: Influence Download With Free Trial
output response ............... 29
FIG . 15: Overview of motor control .................... ....................... ....... 34
FIG . 16: Motor control parameters and their effect
on operating characteristics ....................
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FIG . 17: Hydraulic system, configuration B
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FIG . 18: Hydraulic system, configuration C
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News 1—

OVERVIEW

1
Documents

Sheet Music
The Curtis 1230 motor controller is an AC induction motor speed
designed for use in a variety of material handling vehicles. Typical a
include walkie/rider pallet trucks, low lifts, stackers, sweeper/scrubbe
and other small industrial vehicles. This high performance program
troller is simple to install, efficient, and cost effective.

Fig. 1 Curtis 1230


AC motor controller.

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Like all Curtis motor controllers, the 1230 offers superior operato
Sheet Music motor speed. Features include:

✓ 60–200 amp AC induction motor controller


✓ MultiMode™ feature allows two distinct user-selectable opera
modes
✓ Programmability through the Curtis 1311 handheld programm
1314 PC programming station
✓ Complete diagnostics through the 1311 and 1314 programme
through the controller’s built-in Status LED

✓ Throttle input for single-ended or wigwag 5kΩ pots or 0–5V


(both standard full stroke and restricted range)
✓ Active precharge of controller capacitor bank extends life of m
contactor tips
✓ Two hourmeters—total KSI-on hours and drive hours—and t
ated maintenance timers are built into the controller, with EE

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✓ controller
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✓ Download With Free Trial inputs can be used to inhi


range for any reason (ap
to the traction throttle and, in applications that include a prop
valve, to the hydraulic throttle as well)
✓ Stall protection
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✓ Internal reverse polarity required
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✓ Continuous diagnostics during operation, with microprocessor
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Additional features on 1230-2X01 models (for use with multiple
Sheet Music
✓ 4-wire serial interface for all tiller functions
✓ Two auxiliary outputs, controlled by switches on the tiller mul
can be used for a lift relay, lowering valve, horn, etc.
✓ Internal main contactor for battery reverse polarity protection
ditional safety
✓ Variable PWM voltage for precise control during lift/lower op
in applications with a proportional valve

Curtis Model 840 Spyglass Display


✓ 3-wire serial interface
✓ Sequences between hourmeter, BDI, and error displays
✓ Alphanumeric, 8 character, 5 mm LCD display for hourmeter,
and fault messages
✓ 70°C; models with low
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✓ Multiplexes up to 12 signals, analog or digital


✓ All signals sampled 50
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✓ Signal integrity checked
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INSTALLATION AND WIRING


Documents

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2 MOUNTING THE CONTROLLER
The 1230 controller can be oriented in any position, and meets the I
for environmental protection against dust and water. However, th
should be carefully chosen to keep the controller clean and dry
dry mounting location cannot be found, a cover must be used to
controller from water and contaminants.
When selecting the mounting position, be sure to also take i
eration (1) that the built-in Status LED is visible only through th
in the label on top of the controller, and (2) that convenient acces
at the top of the controller to plug the programmer into its connec
The outline and mounting hole dimensions for the 1230 co
shown in Figure 2. To ensure full rated power, the controller should
to a clean, flat metal surface with four 6 mm (1/4”) diameter bolts

Fig. 2 Mounting
dimensions, Curtis 1230
controller.
M
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(5.7)

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+

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holes provided. Although not usually necessary, a thermal joint
Sheet Music can be used to improve heat conduction from the controller heat
mounting surface.
You will need to take steps during the design and developm
end product to ensure that its EMC performance complies with
regulations; suggestions are presented in Appendix A.
The 1230 controller contains ESD-sensitive components.
priate precautions in connecting, disconnecting, and handling the
See installation suggestions in Appendix A for protecting the cont
ESD damage.

CAUTION ☞ Working on electrical systems is potentially dangerous. Yo


protect yourself against uncontrolled operation, high current
outgassing from lead acid batteries:
You're Reading a Preview
UNCONTROLLED conditions could cause the
run Unlock full access with a free trial. or jack up the vehicle
the attempting any work on th
control Download With Free Trial throttle input signal type is
with may suddenly begin to
HIGH CURRENT ARCS — Batteries can supply very high power, and
occur if they are short circuited. Always open the battery circu
working on the motor control circuit. Wear safety glasses, and use
insulated tools to prevent Sign up to vote on this title
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LEAD ACID BATTERIES — Charging hydro
which can build up in and around the batteries. Follow the
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CONNECTIONS
Sheet Music Low Current Connections
Three low current connectors (J1, J2, J3) are built into the 1230
They are located in a row on the top of the controller:

4-pin 6-pin 24-p


J3 J2 J1

The 24-pin connector (J1) provides the logic control connectio


contactor drivers and switches that are wired directly to the vehicle.
connector is a 24-pin Molex Mini-Fit Jr. connector part number 3
using type 5556 terminals.
J1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

(KSI)
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for throttle
J1 Pin 7 pot low input
J1 Pin 8 [not used] WITH MU
R
J1 Pin 9 feed-through ground EX J1 Pin 9 m
J1 Pin 10 speed m
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J1 Pin 11 feed-through m
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J1 Pin 12 feed-through m
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A 6-pin low power Molex connector (J2) is provided for the speed e
Sheet Music electromagnetic brake connections. The mating connector is a Mol
Jr. p/n 39-01-2065 using type 5556 terminals.
J2

1 2 3 J2 Pin 1 encoder power output


J2 Pin 2 encoder A
4 5 6 J2 Pin 3 E-M brake coil return

J2 Pin 4 encoder B
J2 Pin 5 encoder ground reference
J2 Pin 6 E-M brake driver output

Note: In some applications using a tiller multiplexer, J2 Pins 3 and


for a proportional valve instead of an electromagnetic brake.

J3

1 2
A 4-pin low power connector (J3) is provided for the 13XX prog
complete programmer kit, including the appropriate connecting ca
3 4 ordered; see Curtis programmer manual for further information on
programmers Curtis controllers.
J3 Pin 1 receive data (+5V) You're Reading a Preview Model 840 Spyglass displa
J3 Pin 2 ground (B-) the Pins 19, 20, and 21 of
J3 Pin 3 transmit data (+5V) Unlock full access with a free trial.
connector into J3 and unplugge
J3 Pin 4 +15V supply (100mA)
programmer of J3 are needed for th
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High Current Connections


Six round tin-plated brass current c
to the battery (B+ and B-), Sign up to vote on this title phase
located as shown in Figure Useful Not useful
The studs are threaded simplifies th
and reduces the mounting hardware necessary for the power co
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W I R I N G : Standard Configuration A (no multiplexer)
Sheet Music Figure 3 shows the typical wiring configuration for applications w
multiplexer is not used; these applications typically include an ext
contactor.
For walkie applications the interlock switch is typically activ
tiller, and an emergency reverse switch on the tiller handle provide
gency reverse signal. For rider applications the interlock switch is
seatswitch or a footswitch, and there is no emergency reverse.

Keysw
J1-1 KSI B+

Interlock J1-2 Power Control


Interlock Fuse Main Fuse
(mounted Contactor
Forward J1-13 Forward on controller)
Reverse J1-14 Reverse F+

Mode J1-3 Mode (M1/M2)


BATTERY
Emerg. Reverse J1-15 Emergency Reverse
J1-16 Emerg Rev Check B-

Inhibit J1-4

Status LED J1-17 You're Reading a Preview


Battery LED J1-18
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J1-5
Lift
Speed
J1-10
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Limit Lowering
Pot
Throttle J1-6
Throttle Wiper Aux Ground
Pot
J1-7 Pot Low

J1-19 Disp Supply


CURTIS
840 J1-21 Disp Data Sign up to vote on this title
DISPLAY
(Spyglass) J1-20 Disp Ground Useful Not useful
W
Lift J1-11
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Power Wiring, Configuration A
Sheet Music Motor phase wiring is straightforward, with the motor’s U, V, W p
CAUTION ☞ nected directly to the controller’s U, V, W studs. CAUTION: The sequ
motor phase connections will affect the operation of the emerge
feature. The forward and reverse switches and the U, V, W connec
be configured so that the vehicle drives away from the operator
emergency reverse button is pressed.
The negative battery terminal is always connected directly to
The positive battery terminal is typically connected to the F+ stud
ternal main contactor, as shown in Figure 3. If the main fuse in no
on the controller, F+ is not used and the positive battery terminal is
to the B+ stud.
If a main contactor is not required, the positive battery term
connected directly to the B+ or F+ stud on the controller.

Standard Control Wiring, Configuration A


Wiring for the input switches and contactors is shown in Figure 3;
connector is shown in more detail below.

24-pin You're Reading a Preview


SPEED
Unlock full access with a free trial. LIMIT
POT
LI
KEYSWITCH AUX
INPUT
Download With Free Trial GROUND
SW
(feed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

13 14 15 16 2
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DISPLAY L
FORWARD EMERGENCY STATUS DISPLAY
SUPPLY RE
SWITCH REVERSE LED DATA
(fee
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W I R I N G : Standard Configuration B (with multiplexer)
Sheet Music Figure 4 shows the typical wiring configuration for applications w
multiplexer is used. Most 1230 models designed for use with a
include an internal main contactor (see specifications in Table C-
1230-2301 and -2401 models, which do not, the main contactor
wired as shown in Figure 3.
With configuration B, there is no control of the lift/lower sp
relay (at Pin 23) is a contactor that turns the pump motor on and
lower valve output (at Pin 24) opens and shuts the lowering valve.

Ke
J1-1 KSI
Status LED J1-17 Status L E D B+ Contro
Power Fuse
Battery LED J1-18 Battery LED Fuse
(mounted
Interlock J1-2 on controller)
Interlock F+

J1-13 Forward
Switch and throttle inputs can be connected
to either the controller or the multiplexer, or J1-14 Reverse
BAT
to both as an “or” function.
J1-3
+5V
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Forward
Reverse Unlock full access with a free trial.
Mode (M1/M2)
Emergency Reverse
Download With Free Trial J1-23
Inhibit

Lift CURTIS S o S
1312 e r Pot
Lower u
e Lo
TILLER w p
MULTIPLEXER p p
J3-6 J3-3 J3-4 J3-2 J1-9 J1-10 J1-11 J1-12a l
g y
Throttle
e
M
Speed Limit
2 u M
Ground 0 x u
x
f
Data Mux Clock Mux Ground
J
Low
1
-
2
4
Aux
iliar
y
Out
put
2 AC
MOTO

Si
g
n
u
p
to
v
ot
e
o
n
th
is
tit
le

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W
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Power Wiring, Configuration B
Sheet Music Motor phase wiring is straightforward, with the motor’s U, V, W p

CAUTION ☞ nected directly to the controller’s U, V, W studs. CAUTION: The sequ


motor phase connections will affect the operation of the emerge
feature. The forward and reverse switches and the U, V, W connec
be configured so that the vehicle drives away from the operator
emergency reverse button is pressed.
The negative battery terminal is always connected directly to
The positive battery terminal is typically connected to the F+ stud
in Figure 4. If the main fuse in not mounted on the controller, F+
and the positive battery terminal is connected to the B+ stud.

Standard Control Wiring, Configuration B


Wiring for the input switches and contactors is shown in Figure 4;
connector is shown in more detail below.

24-pin detail (see Fig. 4):

MUX
You're Reading a Preview DATA

KEYSWITCH MUX M
INPUT Unlock full access with a free trial. SUPPLY CL

Download With Free Trial 8 9 10 1

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2

L
FORWARD EMERGENCY
SWITCH REVERSE
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(AUX O
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EMERGENCY
REVERSE REVERSE
SWITCH LED GROUND CONTACTOR *
CHECK
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W I R I N G : Standard Configuration C (with multiplexer
Sheet Music Figure 5 shows the typical wiring configuration for applications w
portional valve is used with the tiller multiplexer. Most 1230 mode
for use with a multiplexer include an internal main contactor (see sp
in Table C-1); for the 1230-2301 and -2401 models, which do no
contactor should be wired as shown in Figure 3. If there is a load
it needs to be controlled externally.
The proportional valve in configuration C is controlled by th
throttle in the multiplexer, providing variable speed lift/lower oper

Ke
J1-1 KSI
Status LED J1-17 Status L E D B+ Control
Power Fuse
Battery LED J1-18 Battery LED Fuse
(mounted
Interlock on controller)
J1-2 Interlock F+

J1-13 Forward
Switch and throttle inputs can be connected
to either the controller or the multiplexer, or J1-14 Reverse
BAT
to both as an “or” function.
J1-3 Mode (M1/M2)
+5V B-
J1-15 Emergency Reverse
Forward
J1-16 Emerg Rev Check
Reverse J1-22 Load
Load Hold Valve
Mode (M1/M2) J1-4 Inhibit
Emergency Reverse J1-5 Pot High
J1-23
Inhibit Auxiliary Output 1
J1-6
Speed Limit Throttle Wiper
CURTIS J1-7
Lift Pot Low
1312 J1-24
Auxiliary Output 2
Lower TILLER
MULTIPLEXER J3-6 J1-9 Mux Supply
J3-3 J1-10 Mux Data
Throttle J3-4 J1-11 Sign up to vote on this title
Mux Clock
HydraulicThrottle J3-2 J1-12 Mux Ground Useful Not useful
Ground
AC
MOTO
W
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Power Wiring, Configuration C
Sheet Music Motor phase wiring is straightforward, with the motor’s U, V, W p

CAUTION ☞ nected directly to the controller’s U, V, W studs. CAUTION: The sequ


motor phase connections will affect the operation of the emerge
feature. The forward and reverse switches and the U, V, W connec
be configured so that the vehicle drives away from the operator
emergency reverse button is pressed.
The negative battery terminal is always connected directly to
The positive battery terminal is typically connected to the F+ stud
in Figure 5. If the main fuse in not mounted on the controller, F+
and the positive battery terminal is connected to the B+ stud.

Standard Control Wiring, Configuration C


Wiring for the input switches and contactors is shown in Figure 5;
connector is shown in more detail below.

24-pin detail (see Fig. 5):

INTERLOCK THROTTLE MUX


INHIBIT
WIPER DATA

MODE
KEYSWITCH POT POT MUX M
SWITCH
INPUT (KSI) HIGH LOW SUPPLY CL
(M1/M2)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2

L
FORWARD EMERGENCY
RE
SWITCH REVERSE
Sign up to vote on this title (AUX O

EMERGENCY Useful Not useful


REVERSE REVERSE
SWITCH CHECK
VALVE *
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WIRING: Throttles
Sheet Music Various throttles can be used with the 1230 controller. They are cat
one of five types in the programming menu of the 13XX program
Types 2 and 4 can be used for the hydraulic throttle.
Type 1: two-wire 5kΩ–0 potentiometer throttles
Type 2: 0–5V, current source, and three-wire pot throttles—
single-ended operation
Type 3: two-wire 0–5kΩ potentiometer throttles
Type 4: 0–5V and three-wire pot throttles—wired for wigwa
Type 5: three-step switch throttles
Table 1 summarizes the operating specifications for the first fo
types. For Type 5 throttles, see Table 2 on page 18. Note: For Type
4 throttles, the controller reads only voltage at the wiper input,
potentiometers are used.

Table 1 THROTTLE WIPER INPUT THRESHOLD V ALUES


MINIMUM THROTTLE THROTTLE MAXIMU
THROTTLE THROTTLE DEADBAND MAX THROTT
TYPE PARAMETER FAULT (0% speed request) (100% modulation) FAULT

1 Wiper Voltage 5.00 V 3.80 V 0.20 V 0.06 V


Wiper Resistance 7.50 k Ω 5.50 k Ω 0 kΩ —

2 Wiper Voltage 0.06 V 0.20 V 5.00 V 5.30 V


Wiper Resistance — — — —

3 Wiper Voltage 0.06 V 0.20 V 3.80 V 5.00 V


Wiper Resistance — 0 kΩ 5.50 k Ω 7.50 k

4 Wiper Voltage 0.50 V 2.50 V (Fw d) * 4.40 V (Fwd) 4.50 V


2.50
Wiper Resistance — Sign up to vote on this title —

Notes: T he upper a nd lo wer d eadb and s are valid for no mi nal Useful Not useful
with the default Throttle Deadband and Throttle M a x parameter
respectively. These values will change with variations in the Throttle D B and Throttle M a x
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5k Ω –0 Throttle (“Type 1”)
Sheet Music The 5kΩ–0 throttle (called a “Type 1” throttle in the programmin
the 13XX programmer) is a 2-wire resistive throttle that connects b
pot wiper pin (Pin 6) and the Pot Low pin (Pin 7), as shown in Fi
Type 1 devices, zero speed corresponds to a nominal 5 kΩ measur
the pot wiper and Pot Low pins and full speed corresponds to 0 Ω
Fig. 6 Wiring for 5kΩ–0
throttle (“Type 1”). Wiper input (Pin 6)

FASTER

Pot Low input (Pin 7)

5k Ω –0

Broken wire protection is provided by the controller sensing


flow from the wiper input (Pin 6) through the potentiometer and i
Low pin (Pin 7). If the Pot Low input current falls below 0.65 mA o
below 0.06 V, a throttle fault is generated and the throttle reques
Note: The Pot Low pin must not be tied to ground (B-).

Single-EndedYou're Reading a Preview Current Source,


and
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With programming menu) the cont
for speed corresponds to 0
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speed used with this throttle
including voltage sources, current sources, and 3-wire pots. The
each is slightly different and each has varying levels of throttle fault
associated with it.
0–5V Throttle Sign up to vote on this title
Two ways of wiring the 0–5V Useful Not useful The a
for this throttle is from 0.2 5.0 V
Throttle Max), measured relative to B-. It is the responsibility of th
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News 2 — INSTALLATION & WIRING: Throttles

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the maximum Pot Low current be limited to 55 mA to prevent da
Sheet Music Pot Low circuitry.
Ground-referenced 0–5V throttles require setting the Pot L
parameter (see Section 3, page 28) to Off; otherwise the controller
a throttle fault. For ground-referenced 0–5V throttles, the controlle
open breaks in the wiper input but cannot provide full throttle fault p
Also, the controller recognizes the voltage between the wipe
B- as the applied throttle voltage and not the voltage from the vol
relative to the Pot Low input.
For either throttle input, if the 0–5V throttle input (Pin 6) ex
relative to B-, the controller will register a fault and shut down.

Current Source Used As a Speed Control Device


A current source can be used as a throttle input as shown in Figure 8
Rthrottle, must be used to convert the current source value to a voltage.
should be sized to provide a 0–5V signal variation over the full curre
Fig. 8 Wiring for current
source throttle (“ Type 2”). 0 – 5 V input (Pin 6 )

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detection throttles.

3-Wire Pot Throttle (1–10 kΩ)


The 3-wire potentiometer is used in its voltage divider mode, with
source and return being provided High
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current limited 5 V source the r
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Wiring is shown in Figure wirin
Figures 3, 4, and 5. Potentiometers with total resistance values bet
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0–5k Ω Throttle (“Type 3”)
Sheet Music The 0–5kΩ throttle (“Type 3” in the programming menu) is a 2-w
throttle that connects between the pot wiper pin and the Pot Low pi
in Figure 10. Zero speed corresponds to 0 Ω measured between th
and full speed corresponds to 5 kΩ.
Fig. 10 Wiring for 0–5k Ω
Wiper input (Pin 6)
throttle (“Type 3”).
FASTER
Pot Low input (Pin 7)

0–5k Ω

Broken wire protection is provided by the controller sensing


flow from the wiper input through the potentiometer and into th
pin. If the Pot Low input current falls below 0.65 mA or its voltage
V, a throttle fault is generated and the throttle request is zeroed. No
Low pin must not be tied to ground (B-).

Wigwag-Style 0–5V Voltage Source and 3-Wire Pot Throttle (“T


These throttles (“Type 4” in the programming menu) operate in t
style. You're Reading a Preview and reverse (or lift and lo
are wiper input value. The
the Unlock full access with a free trial. that for Type 2 devices
11 neutral point for Type 4
with Download With Free Trial Pot Low (Pin 6) and B
Fig. 11 Wiring for wigwag
* Pot High output (Pin 5)
3-wire potentiometer throttle
(“Type 4”). k

0 FASTER
1 Wiper input (Pin 6)


k
1 Sign up to vote on this title 7)
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* Series resistor required unless
voltage range restricted to 0.5–4.5 V
(i.e., a value approx. 12% of throttle pot).
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News 2 — INSTALLATION & WIRING: Aux. Drivers & Emergency Reverse

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to provide appropriate throttle fault detection. Note: If your Typ
Sheet Music has an internal neutral switch, this internal neutral switch should
the forward switch input (Pin 13). The controller will behave as
throttle is requested when the neutral switch is high, and will use
value when the neutral switch is low.

Three-Step Switch Throttle (“Type 5”)


The three-step switch throttle (“Type 5” in the programming men
the proportional throttle with two switches—Speed 1 and Speed 2—
between three discrete speeds. The Speed 1 switch is connected to
wiper input and the Speed 2 switch to the speed limit input.
The Throttle Deadband, Throttle Map, and Throttle Max
are used to define the three discrete speeds. The speed is determi
combination of Speed 1 and Speed 2 switches, as shown in Table 2.
speeds apply in both forward and reverse.

Table 2 THREE-STEP SWITCH THROTTLE SPEEDS


SPEED 1 SPEED 2 SPEED IS DEFINED
SWITCH SWITCH BY THE VALUE SET
FOR THIS PARAMETER
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Throttle Deadband
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Throttle Map

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WIRING: Auxiliary Drivers (1230-2 X 01 MODE LS ONLY )


Two auxiliary drivers are provided at Pins 23 and 24. These low s
depending on how they are Sign up to vote on this title used
of functions. Output is rated Useful Not useful circu
provides fast turn-off and protects volta
spikes. These outputs are designed to drive solenoids or relays. Ho
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automatically driven in the reverse direction at the programmed
Sheet Music reverse acceleration rate and speed until the e mergency reverse switc
or the emergency reverse time limit is reached.


CAUTION: The sequence of the motor phase connections wil
CAUTION operation of the emergency reverse feature. The forward and rever
and the U, V, W connections must be configured so that the vehicle
from the operator when the emergency reverse button is pressed.

W I R I N G : E me r g e n c y R eve rs e C h e c k
A wire connected directly to the emergency reverse switch provides
wire detection when that feature is programmed On (see Section 3
The emergency reverse check output wire periodically pulses the
reverse circuit to check for continuity in the wiring. If there is no
the controller output is inhibited until the wiring fault is corrected
If the option is selected and the check wire is not connected,
will not operate. If the option is not selected and the check wire is
no harm will occur—but continuity will not be checked.
Emergency reverse checking is disabled if the emergency re
is configured switches.
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WIRING:
The Download With Free Trial8-character LCD display that
between messages. Depending on the m
three or six indicator LEDs are also located on the face of the gauge.
8-pin connector is Molex 39-01-2085, with 39-00-0039 (18–24 A
Fig. 12 Wiring guide and
58 (2.25)
mounting dimensions for Sign up to vote on this title
44 (1.75)
Curtis 840 Spyglass display. Useful Not useful
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News 2 — INSTALLATION & WIRING: Tiller Multiplexer & Switches, etc.

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WIRING: Tiller Multiplexer
Sheet Music The Curtis 1312 Multiplexer provides monitoring and control ca
up to 12 analog or digital signals from operator controls on the
signal is sampled every 20 milliseconds for fast response.
The mating 6-pin connector is Molex 39-01-2065 and the ma
connector is Molex 39-01-2245, both with 39-00-0039 (18–24 A
Fig. 13 Wiring guide and 76 (3.0)
mounting dimensions for
Curtis 1312 Multiplexer. J1 J2

The 1312 provides four c


J1 is a connector that ca
56 CURTIS 1312 to inhibit the contr
(2.2) J4 MULTIPLEXER battery charging.
J2 is not used.
J3
J3 is the connector to th
J4 is the connector for al

Dimensions in millimeters (and inches)

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PIN # FUNCTION
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J4-13 +5V
h (M1/M2) -14 +5V
Download With Free Trial throttle -15 Ground
-16 Speed l
-17 Lower s
3 1230 pin J1-10 (mux data) -6 N.C. -18 Lift swit
4 1230 pin J1-11 (mux clock) -7 N.C. -19 Horn
5 N.C. -8 N.C. -20 Emerg.
6 1230 pin J1-9 (mux supply) -9 N.C. -21 Traction
ound
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Main Contactor
Sheet Music 1230-2002, -2102, -2202, -23xx, and -24xx models
An external main contactor should be used with these models. Th
allows the controller and motor to be disconnected from the ba
provides a significant safety feature, because it means battery po
removed if a controller or wiring fault results in battery power bei
to the motor inappropriately.
A single-pole, single-throw (SPST) contactor with silver-allo
such as an Albright SW180 or SW200 (available from Curtis), is reco
for use as the main contactor. The contactor coils should be speci
continuous rating at the nominal battery pack voltage.
The 1230 controller provides a low-side contactor coil driver (a
for the contactor. The driver output is rated at 2 amps. An activ
circuit at 70 V provides fast turn-off and protects the driver from
voltage kickback spikes.
The main contactor coil must be wired directly to the controll
in Figure 4. The controller can be programmed to check for welded
contactor faults and will use the main contactor coil driver output
power from the controller and motor in the event of various othe
CAUTION ☞ the
be
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Pin 22, the controll
serious fault condition
controllerUnlock full access with a free trial. reverse battery polarity
1230-2001,
These Download With Free Trial and therefore J1 Pin 22
the protection features describ

Keyswitch
The vehicle should have a master on/off switch to turn the system
not in use. The keyswitch cont
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keyswitch provides current electromag
Useful Not useful
and valve solenoid coils and currents.
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Electromagnetic Brake
Sheet Music The electromagnetic brake, which is usually mounted to the mot
mechanically engaged by a spring force and electrically released.
configurations A and B, the brake is connected to J2 Pins 3 and 6.
low-side driver at Pin 6 is rated at 2 amps and is monitored for o
faults. In wiring configuration C, the brake is connected to the di
output at J1 Pin 24; in this configuration, there is no brake fault c

Valves
The hydraulic line’s load holding valve (if used) and lowering valve
tional valve (whichever is used) should be large enough to provid
flow when open. The load holding valve’s solenoid coil should be
nominal battery voltage of the system and must not exceed the 2
of its driver. The lowering or proportional valve solenoid coil shou
at or below the nominal battery voltage and should be capable of o
valve completely using not less than 0.25 amp and not more than

Speed Limit Input


As (pages 8 and 10), a pot
can You're Reading a Preview switch can be used, a
configuration ype parameter configur
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limit the maximum speed at
when ot Low connection (Pi
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speed position. The Max Speed
sets when the wiper is shorted t
(Pin 5), or the switch is in the Max Speed position.

Battery L ED and Status L ED Outputs


The 1230 has two signal outputs Sign up to vote on this title be u
vide diagnostic battery and Useful Not useful outp
low side drivers that pull to B- when active. They are rated at 10
desined to liht indicator LEDs interated into a disla anel Ho
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE P

PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS
Documents

Sheet Music

3 The 1230 controller has a number of parameters that can be program


a Curtis 1311 handheld programmer or 1314 PC programming sta
programmable parameters allow the vehicle’s performance to be cu
fit the needs of individual vehicles or vehicle applications. For info
programmer operation, see Appendix B.
P R O G R A M M I NG M E N U S (for setting the programmable par
The programmable parameters are grouped into three main categor
motor & control, system), and into additional subgroups, each w
programming menu.
VEHICLE PARAMETER GROUP
— Rate
— Speed
— Multimode
— Throttle
— Sequencing

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GROUP

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SYSTEM PARAMETER GROUP


— Battery
— Hourmeter
— Hydraulic
— Other Sign up to vote on this title
A complete list of the Useful Not useful th
The parameters are described in the charts that follow. For each par
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS

VEHICLE GROUP MOTOR & CONTROL GROUP SYSTEM GRO


Documents
Rate Parameters Mot or Param eters Batt er y P ar am et er
Sheet Music Accel Rate, M1–M2 Min Motor Voltage Full Voltage
Decel Rate, M1–M2 Nominal Motor Voltage Empty Voltage
Brake Rate, M1–M2 Nominal Motor Frequency BDI Reset Battery
Fast Stop Rate Max Motor Speed Battery Recharge
Accel Release Rate Number of Motor Poles Low Voltage Level
Encoder Pulses/Revolution
Speed Parameters Hourmeter Parame
Swap Encoder Direction
Min Speed, M1–M2 Enable Total Servi
Failsafe Delay
Max Speed, M1–M2 Enable Drive Serv
Speed Limit Type C ont rol P ar am et er s Adjust Hours
P Gain Set Total Hours
Mul t i Mode Paramet ers Set Drive Hours
I Gain
Mode Select Type Total Service Hour
Accel Slip
Coast Decel Rate Anti- Drive Service Hou
Regen Slip
Tiedown Total Disable Hour
Slip Boost
Drive Disable Hou
Throttle P ar am et ers Pull-Out Slip
Drive Disable Spe
Throttle Type Accel Slip Voltage
Service Total Expi
Throttle Deadband Regen Slip Voltage
Service Drive Expi
Throttle Max
You're Reading a Preview Maximum Regen
Throttle Map
Pot Low Check Unlock full access with a free trial. H ydraulics P a r a m
Lift PV Max
Sequencing Parameters Lift PV Min
Interlock Normally Open Download With Free Trial Lift PV Accel Rate
Sequencing Delay Lift PV Decel Rate
Static Return to Off (SRO) Lower PV Max
High Pedal Disable (HPD) Lower PV Min
Main Cont Interlock Type Lower PV Accel R
Main Cont Open Delay Decel
Main Contactor Check Sign up to vote on this title R
Useful Not useful Delay
B r a k e P aram et er s
Lockou
Brake Fault Check
Lift PV Hold Delay
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Rat

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RATE MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

M1–M2 Accel Rate 0.1–5.0 sec. Defines the time it takes the controller to accelerate from 0% ou
100% output when full throttle is requested. Larger values repre
ger acceleration time and a gentler start. Fast starts can be achi
reducing the acceleration time, i.e., but setting the Accel Rate to
value.

M1–M2 Decel Rate 0.1–10.0 sec. Defines the time it takes the controller to decelerate from 100%
0% output. The Decel Rate determines the vehicle’s braking cha
istic for any reduction in throttle that does not include a request f
opposite direction. Lower values represent faster deceleration a
shorter stopping distance.
The Decel Rate should be set to a higher value (slower dec
than the corresponding Brake Rate.

M1–M2 Brake Rate 0.1–5.0 sec. Defines the time it takes the controller to brake from 100% outp
0% output when a new direction is selected. Larger values repre
a longer time and consequently gentler braking. Faster braking c
achieved by adjusting the braking rate to a smaller value.
The Brake Rate should be set to a lower value (faster decel

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Fast Stop Rate 0.1–5.0 sec. to stop from full speed wh
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the interlock switch has ope
switch has been pressed.
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Accel Release Rate 0.0–1.0 sec. be initiated when the thrott
released while the vehicle is still accelerating. If the release rate
(i.e., set to a low value), the transition is initiated abruptly. The tr
is smoother if the release rate is set to a higher value (slower tra
however, setting the rate to too high a value can cause the vehic
uncontrollable when Sign up to vote on this titlecontinue to
a short time.
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Speed Parameters

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SPEED MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

M1–M2 Min Speed 0–50 % Defines the controller output at full throttle when the speed limit
its lowest position or the speed limit switch is calling for minimum

M1–M2 Max Speed 5–100 % Defines the controller output at full throttle when the speed limit
its highest position or the speed limit switch is calling for maximu

Speed Limit Type 0–3 Configures the speed limit input to work with a speed limit pot (a
input) or with a switch (either normally open or normally closed).
0 = no speed limit; speed limit input is ignored.
1 = linear speed limit (speed limit pot)
programmed max speed when speed limit input voltage =
programmed min speed when speed limit input voltage = 0
2 = normally open switch
programmed max speed when speed limit switch is open
programmed min speed when speed limit switch is closed
3 = normally closed switch
programmed max speed when speed limit switch is closed
programmed min speed when speed limit switch is open

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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: MultiMod

Documents
MULTIMODE MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Mode Select Type 0–3 Configures mode switch operation.


0 = Standard M1/M2 MultiMode operation.
When the mode switch is open, the programmed M1 para
settings for Accel Rate, Decel Rate, Brake Rate, Min Speed, and
Speed are in effect; when the mode switch is closed, the progra
parameter settings are in effect.
1 = Creep
Same as 0, except when the vehicle is operating in Mode
interlock switch input is ignored.
2 = Coast
Same as 0, except when the vehicle is operating in Mode
Coast Deceleration Rate is in effect when the throttle is reduced
leased. (When the opposite direction is selected, the M1 Brake
effect.)
3 = Secure Creep
Same as 0, except that the transition from Mode 2 to Mod
possible when interlock is Off or throttle input is 0.

Coast Decel Rate 0.1–20.0 sec. reduces its output to zero whe
You're Reading a Preview allows adjustment for differen
faster deceleration and thus a
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Rate only applies when the
vehicle is operating in Mode
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Anti-Tiedown OFF/ON operators from taping or “tying
the mode switch in order to operate permanently in Mode 2, whi
typically the high speed mode. Upon startup, when the interlock
first closed, the controller will ignore the request and default to M
The controller will remain in Mode 1 until the mode switch is rele
reactivated.
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For safety, anti-tiedown Mode 2 i
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Throttle Parameters

Documents

Sheet Music ALLOWABLE THROTTLE MENU


PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Throttle Type 1–5 The 1230 controller accepts a variety of throttle inputs; see throt
section, pages 14–18. The throttle type parameter can be progra
follows:
1 2-wire rheostat, 5k Ω –0 input
2 single-ended 3-wire 1k Ω –10k Ω potentiometer,
0–5V voltage source, or current source
3 2-wire rheostat, 0–5k Ω input
4 wigwag 3-wire 1k Ω –10k Ω potentiometer,
or 0–5V voltage source
5 three-step switch throttle (Note: with a Type 5 throttle,
the remaining throttle parameters do not apply.)

Throttle Deadband 0–30 % Defines the throttle pot wiper voltage range that the controller in
as neutral. This parameter is especially useful with throttle asse
do not reliably return to a well-defined neutral point, because it a
deadband to be defined wide enough to ensure that the controlle
into neutral when the throttle mechanism is released. See Figure
adjustable from 0% to 30% of the
You're Reading a Preview 10%. The nominal throttl
type selected; see Table 1
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Throttle Max 40–100 % resistance required to produce 100
Download With Free Trial setting reduces the wiper
necessary to produce ful
reduced-range throttle assemblies
commodated. See Figure 14.
The throttle max is set as a percentage of the nominal thrott
voltage range, which depends on the throttle type selected; see
Throttle Map 5–90 % Modifies the vehicle’s Sign up to vote on this title the t

map at 50% provides Useful Not useful positio


below 50% reduce settings, p
enhanced slow speed maneuverability. Values above 50% give t
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Throttl

Documents
All three throttle adjustment parameters—Deadband, Max,Map—co
Sheet Music raw throttle voltage into a single % throttle command, as shown in

Fig. 14 Effect of throttle


Throttle max parameter
adjustment parameters. adjusts this endpoint.
Together these three param- 100
THR
eters determine the con- “Knee” in throttle output
90
troller’s response to throttle )
determined b y throttle ma p
setting; this knee is at
t
demand. n
e
c
80 80% setting.
r
e 70
p
(
T
U 60
P
T
U 50
O
R
E
40
L
L 30
O
R
T 20
N
O
C 10 Throttle dea dband parameter
adjusts this endpoint.
0
5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 kΩ [
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 V [
4.0 5. 0 kΩ [

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0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Useful Not useful 5.0


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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Sequencing Parameters

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SEQUENCING MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Interlock Normally Open OFF/ON When a normally-open type of interlock switch is used, this para
must be programmed On.

Sequencing Delay 0.0–3.0 sec. The sequencing delay feature allows the interlock switch to be c
within a set time (the sequencing delay), thus preventing inadve
activation of HPD and SRO. This feature is especially useful in a
tions where the interlock switch may bounce or be momentarily
during operation. When set to 0.0, there is no delay.

Static Return To Off (SRO) 0–3 The SRO feature prevents the vehicle from being started when “
SRO checks the sequencing of the interlock input—or the interlo
and KSI—relative to a direction input. If a direction is selected be
simultaneously (within 50 msec) with the interlock input, controll
is inhibited. SRO faults can result from using an incorrect seque
from using a correct sequence with less than 50 msec between
Three types of SRO are available, along with a “no SRO” option

0 = no SRO

1 = SRO unless interlock input before a direction input

You're Reading a Preview input before a direction inp

Unlock full access with a free trial. input before a forward direc

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KSI; S T E P 2, activate interlo
between steps 1 and 2 is t
as between steps 2 and 3; that is, KSI input must precede interl
by at least 50 msec. Once the controller is operational, turning o
KSI or the interlock causes the controller to inhibit its output; re-
the controller requires
Similarly, if your Sign up to vote on this title interl
forward inputs are Useful Not useful provi
sequence in order that o
is allowed if a reverse input precedes the interlock input; this can
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Sequencin

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SEQUENCING MENU, cont’d
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

High Pedal Disable (HPD), cont’d To meet EEC requirements, HPD Type 1 or Type 2 must be sele
Sequencing delay (above) can be used to provide a brief delay
HPD inhibits controller output, if desired.

Two types of HPD are available, along with a “no HPD” option:

0 = no HPD

1 = Interlock-type HPD
To start the vehicle, the controller must receive both an int
input and a KSI input before receiving a throttle input. Controller
will be disabled if throttle demand is not zero at the time the inte
switch is closed. Normal operation is regained by reducing the t
demand to zero.

2 = KSI-type HPD
To start the vehicle, the controller must receive a KSI inpu
receiving a throttle input. Controller operation will be disabled if t
demand is not zero at the time KSI is enabled. In this configurat
throttle is applied before the interlock switch is closed but after t
input has been enabled, the vehicle will accelerate to the reques
closed.
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Main Contactor Interlock Type 0–1 the main contactor:
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interlock plus throttle
the interlock switch close
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Open Delay (below) start
opened.

1 = main contactor closes upon interlock


The main contactor closes when the interlock switch close
regardless of throttle demand. The Main Contactor Open Delay
starts counting as Sign up to vote on this title

Main Contactor Open Delay 0 – 6 0 sec. T he delay can be Useful Not useful close
period of time (the programmed delay) after the motor has stopp
delay is useful for preventing unnecessary cycling of the contact
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Brake Parameters

Documents
BRAKE MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Brake Fault Check OFF/O N The brake fault check feature, when programmed On, checks th
at the brake output (J2 Pin 6) and faults the controller if this volta
not correspond to the brake voltage demand.
Disabling the brake fault check is useful when no electroma
brake is wired to the controller because with the check disabled
necessary to wire a dummy brake resistor.

Brake Delay 0.0–10.0 sec. If the motor does not stop when the throttle request is zeroed, th
ler will shut down the motor. The brake is then engaged after the
grammed brake delay.

Brake Hold Voltage 0–100 % A short pulse of full battery power is initially applied to the brake
to release the brake; after this, the PWM voltage on the brake o
reduced to the programmed brake hold voltage. Using a lower v
holding the brake reduces brake heating and saves energy.
The brake hold voltage must be set high enough to keep th
released even under extreme conditions (high brake temperatur
battery voltage, vibration, or shock). Setting the parameter too lo
result in the brake being engaged accidentally, causing an abrup

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Brake Driver Type 0–3
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brake when the interlock swit
it when the interlock swit
Download With Free Trial motor speed is ramped do
Note: Type 0 is the typical setti

1 = direction-switch-initiated brake release


The brake driver releases the brake when the interlock swit
and a direction switch is closed, and engages it when the interlo
opens or both direction is r
down to zero before Sign up to vote on this title
2 = throttle-initiated Useful Not useful
Same as Type 0, except the motor is shut off (without rampi
and brake engaged as soon as the interlock opens.
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Emergency Revers

Documents
EMERGENCY REVERSE MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Wiring Check OFF/O N When programmed On, the wiring c heck tests for continuity from
emergency reverse check output (J1 Pin 16) to the emergency r
input (J1 Pin 15); see Fig. 4, page 8, for the recommended wirin
This parameter applies only to systems that include the em
reverse feature. If emergency reverse is not being used, this par
should be programmed Off.

Speed 10–100 % Defines the maximum speed during emergency reverse.

Direction Interlock OFF/O N A s soon as the emergen c y reverse button is released, the contr
the drive output to zero regardless of whether a direction or thro
still being requested. The direction interlock parameter defines h
controller will return to normal operation from this point.
If it is programmed On, the operator can either open both di
switches or cycle the interlock switch to enable normal operation
If it is programmed Off, the only way for the operator to resu
normal operation is by opening both direction switches and cycli
interlock switch.

Time Limit 0.0–10.0 sec. emergency reversing. Th


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is still being press ed. If yo
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long as the emergency reve
limit parameter to 0.0.
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Accel Rate 0.1–5.0 sec. accelerates in the opposite
when emergency reverse is activated. Higher values represent s
acceleration and therefore gentler response. More abrupt respon
achieved by decreasing the acceleration rate (i.e., by setting the
lower value).
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OFF/ON
When a normally-closed
Switch Normally Closed Useful Not useful is us
parameter must be
In order to use the emergency reverse wiring check feature
normally-open type of switch is required and this parameter mus
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Motor Control Parameters

MOTOR CONTROL PARAMETERS


Documents The 1230 controls the motor using a combined V/f and slip control
which is summarized in Figure 15.
Sheet Music

f slip Field Weakening

Pull Out Slip

Slip Boost

f sync

V slip

P Gain Mod. index


I Ga in Max Accel Slip V
1
Thr ot tl e re qu es t f slip V slip V motor
+- PI Contr ol Max Regen Slip V
× +

0 f slip 0

M a x Slip

Nominal Motor Voltage


Min. Motor Voltage
Accel Co mp en sation Nominal Motor Freq.
Regen Compensation

sync

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f sync
f no m

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Number of motor
Encoder pulses p
f sync
Speed Measure

Fig. 15 Overview of motor control algorithm. Sign up to vote on this title


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The V/f characteristic increases the motor voltage proportional to
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Motor Contr

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MOTOR MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Min Motor Voltage 0.0–6.0 V Defines the starting point of the V/f profile. This voltage is applie
motor at 0 RPM if no (or very low) torque is demanded.
Increasing this parameter can improve low speed behavior,
the motor will have flux even at zero throttle request. However, if
parameter is set too high, the motor idle current will be too high,
efficiency and increasing the motor temperature.

Nominal Motor Voltage 7–30 V This parameter should initially be set according to motor namep
The nominal motor voltage parameter and the nominal moto
cy parameter work as a pair to define the slope of the V/f profile.
Note: If set too high, excessive current can damage the mot

NominalMotor Frequency 20–400 Hz This parameter should initially be set according to motor namep
The nominal motor voltage parameter and the nominal moto
cy parameter work as a pair to define the slope of the V/f profile.
Increasing the nominal motor frequency makes the V/f profi
steep and reduces the no-load motor current.

MaxMotorSpeed 1000–10000 RPM Defines the maximum motor RPM at full throttle and a 100% set
. This parameter can be u
You're Reading a Preview to limit vehicle and motor s
running downhill.
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and gearbox can be dam

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Number of Motor Poles 2–8 to motor nameplate data.
frequency based on the measure
input frequency.

Encoder Pulses/Rev 32–128 This parameter must be set according to motor nameplate data.
in calculating the measure
input frequency. Sign up to vote on this title

Swap Encoder Direction O F F /O N If the speed encoder Useful Not useful this
can be used to change the sign of the measured motor speed. It
fft hill i th A d B i th
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Motor Control Parameters

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CONTROL MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

P Gain 0.00–1.00 The proportional gain and integral gain parameters define the g
proportional and integral fractions of the PI slip control. The opti
tings of these parameters depend on the mechanical design of t
and drive train, which means they must be adjusted empirically t
experimental testing.
If these parameters are set too low, response to load or thro
is slow. Setting them too high can result in jerky drive operation
oscillation.

IGain 0.00–1.50 See P Gain, above.

AccelSlip, 1.0–50.0 Hz The accelerating slip and regenerating slip parameters define th
RegenSlip mum slip during acceleration/deceleration for the constant torqu
area (see Figure 16).
Accel slip should be set according the full load slip (maximu
rent/ maximum torque at nominal motor voltage). Regen slip is ty
about 20% lower, to limit peak current dur ing regeneration beca
current vs. slip characteristic is steeper than for acceleration.

Slip Boost 0–10 characteristic when the c


You're Reading a Preview parameter can be used to adjust
power operating range (see Fi
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Pull-Out Slip 1.0–50.0 Hz speed operating area (se


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safety margin below the moto
Setting it too high may result
tion or torque foldback.

AccelSlipVoltage, 0.0–10.0, Define the maximum slip voltage that is added to the V/f profile
Regen Slip Voltage 0.0–5.0 maximum slip (and zero
These parameters Sign up to vote on this title maximu
for accelerating and
It must be verified Useful Not useful no
the motor’s rated maximum current or the controller’s 2-minute r
under full load conditions.
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Motor Contr

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Fig. 16 Motor control pa-
Sheet Music
rameters and their effect on CONSTANT TORQUE
CONSTANT
POWER HIGH SPEED
operating characteristics.
Field Weakening

MOTOR + e
VOLTAGE Accel Compensation g
(rms) a
t
- l
o
V
r
o
t
o
M
l
Accel Slip Voltage a
n
i
m
Min Motor Voltage o
N

Nominal FREQUENCY
Motor
Frequency

SLIP
FREQUENCY
(Hz)

+
Slip Boost
Pull Out Slip

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FREQUENCY
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MOTOR Accel Compensation: Slip Boost:


CURRENT
(rms) too high
too h igh

too low too low

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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Battery Parameters

Documents
BATTERY MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Full Battery Voltage EBV – RBV Sets the voltage at or above which 1 0 0 % charge is indicated o n
[FBV] display. The allowable range is from the programmed Empty Batt
up to the BDI Reset Battery Voltage, in VPC (volts per cell) units

Empty Battery Voltage 0.90 VPC – FBV Sets the voltage at or below which 0 % charge is indicated on the
[EBV] display. The allowable range is from 0.90 VP C up to the program
Battery Voltage.

BDI Reset Battery Voltage FBV – 3.00 VPC Sets the no-load voltage at which the controller’s battery-state-o
[RBV] calculator will reset to 100%. When this voltage is present for 6 s
(except during regen braking) the BDI is reset to 100%. The allo
range is from the programmed Full Battery Voltage up to 3.00 V

Battery Recharge Level 20–50 % Sets the low battery threshold; when the BDI is below the progra
value, the Battery LED will flash. This will alert the operator that
will need to be recharged soon.

LowVoltageLevel 1.33–1.67 VPC Sets the voltage considered to be a fully depleted battery (16–2
consistently, the controlle

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The Battery Discharge Indicator constantly calculates the battery stat


when KSI is on. When KS state-of-charge
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is stored in nonvolatile memory via
display and via the Monitor t Useful Not useful
Note: BDI values are in units of volts per cell. The standard
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Hourmet

Documents
HOURMETER MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Enable Total Service Hours O F F /O N When programmed Off, the total hourmeter will continue to coun
hours of operation (i.e., KSI on-time) but no action will be taken
service interval elapses.

Enable Drive Service Hours O F F /O N When programmed Off, the traction hourmeter will continue to c
the hours of drive operation but no action will be taken when the
interval elapses.

Adjust Hours 0–999999 hours The controller is shipped from the factory with both hourmeters
zero. If the controller is being installed in a used vehicle, you can
the vehicle’s existing hourmeter values to the new controller.
The Adjust Hours parameter defines the hours that will be a
as a preset value. Enter the desired preset value, and then use
Hours or Set Drive Hours to apply the preset to the hourmeter.

Set Total Hours OFF/ON Program this parameter On to load the preset value into the tota
hourmeter. Once it has been loaded, the parameter is reset to O
automatically.

Set Drive Hours OFF/ON preset value into the driv


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the parameter is reset to O
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Total Service Hours 100–5000 hours overall maintenance.


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Drive Service Hours 100–5000 hours traction motor maintenanc

Total Disable Hours 0–500 hours Sets the total disable timer; if the programmed time expires, the
Disable Speed goes into effect.

Drive Disable Hours 0–500 hours Sets the drive disable Sign up to vote on this title the
Disable Speed goes Useful Not useful
Drive Disable Speed 0–80 % Sets the maximum drive speed that will be in effect if either of th
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Hydraulics Parameters

HYDRAULICS PARAMETERS
Documents In standard wiring configuration A (page 8), the 1230 provides a fe
for hydraulics control signals, but otherwise has no relationship to t
Sheet Music

lics system.
In standard wiring configuration B (page 10), the 1230 turn
motor on and off, and opens and shuts the lowering valve; see Fig
these simple systems (Auxiliary Output Type 1, see page 43), only a
programmable hydraulics parameters apply.

In Configuration B, the 123 0 controls:


Lift
• the contactor that turns the pump motor on/off, and Cyli nd er
• the position of the lowering valve (open/closed).

Pres sure
Relief L o w e ri n g
Valve Valve

C h ec k
Valve
During Lift, the pump motor drives the pump, which forces hydraulic
the hoses and into the Lift cylinder.When the Lift is completed, the che
trap the fluid in the Lift cylinder.
Pump
H yd rau lic
Mot or
Pump opens and gravity returns the fluid
You're Reading a Preview completed, the lowering valve closes an
pump keep the hydraulic fluid
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Fig. 17 Simple hydraulic system (standard
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(page 12), the 1230 extends
to the acceleration rate and speed of Lift/Lower operation; see Fig
the hydraulics parameters—including the proportional valve, load
and hydraulic throttle parameters—apply.
The Auxiliary Output Sign up to vote on this title set
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In Configuration C, the 123 0 controls:
• the contactor that turns the pump motor on/off,
Lift
Cyli nd er
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Hydrauli

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HYDRAULICS MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Lift PV Max 0–100 % Defines the PWM output to the proportional valve for a Lift reque
hydraulic throttle applied. Lower values provide faster Lift, by allo
of the hydraulic fluid to be diverted from the Lift operation.

Lift PV Min 0–100 % Defines the PWM output to the proportional valve for a Lift reque
minimal hydraulic throttle applied. Higher values provide slower
lowing more of the hydraulic fluid to be diverted from the Lift ope
If variable Lift is not desired, set Lift PV Max and Lift PV Min
same value.

LiftPVAccelRate 0.0–10.0 sec. Defines how long it will take the valve current to decrease from
0% (from fully open to fully closed) during Lift operation.

Lift PV Decel Rate 0.0–10.0 sec. Defines how long it will take the valve current to increase from 0
100% (from fully closed to fully open) during Lift operation.

Lower PV Max 0–100 % Defines the PWM output to the proportional valve for a Lower re
full hydraulic throttle applied. Higher values result in faster Lowe
draining the hydraulic fluid

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Lower PV Min 0–100 % proportional valve for a Lower re
Unlock full access with a free trial. when Variable Lower is set to
operation, by providing a smaller a

Download With Free Trial set Lower P V Max and Low

Lower PV Accel Rate 0.0–10.0 sec. Defines how long it will take the valve current to increase from 0
100% (from full closed to fully open) during Lower operation.

Lower PV Decel Rate 0.0–10.0 sec. Defines how long Sign up to vote on this title from
0% (from fully open
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PVDither 0–30 % Dither provides a constantly changing current in the coil to prod
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HYDRAULICS MENU, cont’d
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Lift PV Hold Delay 0.00–1.00 sec. Defines how long the PV stays open at the end of a lift operation
the pump to stop before the valve closes.

Load Hold Delay 0.00–1.00 sec. Defines how long the load-hold valve is kept open at the end of
Lower operation. The delay starts after the PV deceleration time
the valve to close at the completion of a Lift/Lower operation).
The load-hold valve is either open or shut, which means tha
abruptly. It is important to set the delay time long enough to allo
hydraulic fluid to stop flowing before the load-hold valve snaps s

Open Load Hold During Lift O F F /O N When programmed On, the load-hold valve will be kept open du
operation. When programmed Off, the load-hold valve will only o
Lower operation.

Hyd Throttle Type 2, 4 The hydraulic throttle type can be programmed to either 2 or 4:

2 single-ended 3-wire 1k Ω –10k Ω potentiometer,


0–5V voltage source, or current source

4 wigwag 3-wire 1k Ω –10k Ω potentiometer,

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Hyd Throttle Deadband 0–30 % Unlock full access with a free trial.
adjustment parameters work
Hyd Throttle Max 40–100 % counterparts; see text on page 28
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Hyd Throttle Map 5–90 %

Max Pump Run Time 0.0–60.0 sec. Limits the time the pump runs continuously. Note: The pump run
not limited if the parameter is set to 0.0 or if proportional hydraul
selected (Aux Output Parameters m

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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Other Syste

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OTHER SYSTEM PARAMETERS MENU
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

PowerSaveDelay 0–240 min. Defines the time the controller will remain in standby* before sw
power save mode; the controller will leave power save mode and
normal operation as soon as the interlock switch is closed or the
is cycled. If the delay is set to 0, the controller will never switch t
save mode.
*The vehicle is in standby when it is not moving, the interloc
open, and no programming device is connected.

Mux Inputs Enabled OFF/O N When programmed On, enables the multiplexer (wired to J1 Pin

Inhibit Input Type 0–2 Configures the Inhibit input at J1 Pin 4:


0 = no Inhibit
Inhibit input is ignored.
1 = normally open Inhibit
Motor output inhibited when Inhibit switch is closed (Inhibit i
2 = normally closed Inhibit
Motor output inhibited when Inhibit switch is open (Inhibit in

Auxiliary Output Type 0–8 You're Reading a Preview at J1 Pins 23 and 24:

Unlock full access with a free trial.disabled.

Download With Free Trial multiplexer’s Lift switch;


multiplexer’s Lower switch

2 = multiplexer horn
Aux Output 1 is controlled by the multiplexer’s horn switch;
Aux Output 2 is disabled.

3 = backup alarm
Aux Output 1 Sign up to vote on this title
Aux Output 2
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4 = multiplexer propor
Aux Output 1 is used for the electromagnetic brake;
A Ott 2 i tlld b th ltil’ Lift dL
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News 3 — PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS: Cloning Controllers

Documents
OTHER SYSTEM PARAMETERS MENU, cont’d
Sheet Music ALLOWABLE
PARAMETER RANGE DESCRIPTION

Fault Code OFF/O N Configures the status LED driver (J1 Pin 17) to display fault info
Fault Code format or Fault Category format:

On = Fault Code format


The status LED driver provides a pulsed signal equivalent t
code flashed by the controller’s built-in status LED; these codes
in Table 3, page 54.

Off = Fault Category format


The status LED driver indicates three different categories of
these categories are listed in Table 4, page 55.

You're Reading a Preview


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CLONING settings t o multiple controlle
Once Download With Free Trial the desired settings, th
can controllers, thus creating
“clone” controllers with identical settings. Note: Cloning only wor
controllers with the same model number and software version. Fo
the programmer can read all the information from a 1230-2101 co
write it to other 1230-21 write
information to 1230-2102 Sign up to vote on this title
To perform cloning, Useful Not useful con
has the desired settings. Scroll down to the Functions menu; “Cl
l fi ildd h Sl “G Si F Cll
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MONITOR MENU

4
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Through the monitor menu, the 13XX programmers provide access
data during vehicle operation. This information is helpful during
and troubleshooting, and also during programmable parameter adj

MONITOR MENU

ITEM VALUE DISPLAYED

MOTOR + BATTERY
BatteryVoltage Voltage at KSI, in volts.
BSOC Battery state of charge.
MotorSpeed Motor speed, in revolutions per m
MotorVoltage Motor voltage, in volts.
MotorFrequency Motor frequency, in her tz.
Slip Motor slip frequency, in hertz.
INPUTS
ThrottleInput Throttle request: traction throttle.
InterlockSwitch Interlock switch, on/off.
ForwardSwitch Forward switch, on/off.
Reverse switch, on/off.
You're Reading a Preview switch, on/off.
Emergency reverse switch, on/off
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input, on/off.
limit request from pot or s
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request: hydraulic throttle
Lift Switch Lift switch, on/off.
Lower Switch Lower switch, on/off.
OUTPUTS
Aux Output 1
Aux Output 2 Sign up to vote on this title
Prop Valve PWM
Load Hold Valve
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useful put.
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INITIAL SETUP

5
Documents
It is imperative that these initial setup procedures be carefully f
Sheet Music ensure that the controller is set up to be compatible with your a
Do not drive the vehicle until initial setup has been completed
The following information should be obtained from the mo
from the motor manufacturer:
• nominal motor voltage
• nominal motor frequency
• maximum motor speed
• number of motor poles
• encoder pulses per revolution
• maximum motor current.

Before starting the setup procedures, jack the vehicle drive


off the ground so that they spin freely. Doublecheck all wirin
that it is consistent with the wiring guidelines presented in Sectio
sure all connections are tight.
Turn on the controller, but leave the interlock switch open (in
position). Plug in the 13XX programmer.
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1
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The the controller to match y
using 1230 controller has th
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to be motor from any manufact
parameters initially:

RECOMMENDED INITIAL MOTOR PARAMETER SETTINGS

PARAMETER Sign up to vote on this title

Min Motor Voltage Useful Not useful


Nominal Motor Voltage According to manufacturer’s data.
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2 Control setup (see page 36)
Sheet Music Use these guidelines to set the parameters in the Control menu ini

RECOMMENDED INITIAL CONTROL PARAMETER SETTING

PARAMETER INITIAL SETTING

P Gain 0.1

I Gain 0.1

Accel Slip Motor Frequency – (Motor Poles × Motor Spe


typically 3 – 6 Hz.

Decel Slip About 20% lower than Accel Slip; typically 2.5

Slip Boost 1

Pull Out Slip According to motor manufacturer; typically 6 –


(about 2 × Accel Slip).

Accel Slip Voltage 3.0 *

Regen
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Accel
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Regen

Regen Download With Free Trial

*Alternatively, you can make a rough estimate of Accel Slip Voltage as follows:
Maximum Motor Current [A] × Motor Stator Resistance [ohms] (phase to phase).
**Alternatively, you can make a rough estimate of Regen Slip Voltage by setting
it to 10% of Accel Slip Voltage.
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3
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Tuning the Throttle Deadband
Sheet Music 3-a. Make sure the interlock switch is open, and turn on the
3-b. Observe the Monitor > Inputs > Throttle Input paramet
need to reference the value displayed here.
3-c. Scroll down to the Forward Input parameter; the dis
indicate that the forward switch is Off.
3-d. Slowly rotate the throttle forward until the display in
the forward switch is On. Use care with this step as it is important
the threshold throttle position at which the forward switch is enga
controller recognizes the forward command.
3-e. Without moving the throttle, read the value shown for t
Input parameter. This value should be zero. If the Throttle Input v
proceed to step 3-f. If it is greater than zero, the Throttle Deadba
increased (Program > Vehicle > Throttle > Throttle Deadband). Repe
and 3-e until the Throttle Input monitor value is zero at the forwar
engagement point.
3 -f. While observing the Throttle Input monitor value, c
rotate the throttle past the forward switch engagement point. Note
Throttle Input value begins to increase, indicating that the contro
begin the interlock were clo
throttle You're Reading a Preview desired before the Throttle
began Unlock full access with a free trial.
must be decreased and th
repeated rotation between the poi
the Throttle Input value begins
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is acceptable, properly tuned.
-g. If a bidirectional (wigwag) throttle assembly is being
procedure should be repeated for the reverse direction. The Thro
band value should be selected such that the throttle operates correc
forward and reverse.
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Tuning the Throttle Max
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3 -h. Rotate the throttle speed p
observe the Throttle Input value. This value should be 100%. If it
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4 Initial a d j u s t m e n t o f m o t o r c o n t r o l p a r a m e t e r s ( s e e p a g e s 3 6 a
Sheet Music The performance of an AC induction motor is significantly infl
temperature. Therefore, the following procedure should be perfor
warm motor.
4-a. With the interlock switch closed, select a direction and ap
The motor should begin to turn in the selected direction. If it do
verify the wiring to the throttle and the forward and reverse switc
wiring is correct, turn off the controller, disconnect the battery, an
the motor’s U and V cables on the controller. The motor should n

CAUTION ☞ the proper direction. CAUTION: The order of the U, V, and W c


will affect the operation of the emergency reverse feature. The f
reverse switches and the motor phase connections must be configu
the vehicle drives away from the operator when the emergency rev
is pressed.
4-b. Turn on the controller. Stall the motor; you can do thi
ing the brake (by simply unplugging the J2 connector, if your appli
standard wiring configuration A or B). With the interlock switch cl
a direction and apply full throttle for about 3 seconds. Measure the
motor phase current with a suitable RMS current clamp; the clam
accurate You're Reading a Preview Note: if you apply the
a longer feature will shut down the
after Unlock full access with a free trial.
parameter, apply throttle, a
the Download With Free Trial the measured current i
To controller, make sure the
measured motor phase current is not higher than the motor’s maxim
rating or the controller’s 2-minute rating.
4-d. Set the Regen Slip Voltage parameter to about 20% o
Slip Voltage parameter value regenerat
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flows in the opposite direction across t
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resistance, the required voltage for a
is lower. If the Regen Slip Voltage is set too high, this regenerativ
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6 Fi n e tuning o f m ot o r control p a r a m e te r s (see page 36)
Sheet Music This procedure is conducted after the vehicle is taken down off the
motor or vehicle test bench is available, is should be used for this p
it is the easiest and most accurate way to make these adjustments.
perform this procedure while driving the vehicle. Be extremely ca
driving the vehicle during this procedure. Be sure there is plenty of ro
the vehicle. Operating on a ramp will allow you to apply varying tor
6 -a. Measure the no load motor current at different speed
the Min Motor Voltage parameter until the motor current at low
same as at mid to high speeds.
6 -b. Stall the motor and measure the torque and motor
different Accel Slip parameter settings. Adjust the Accel Slip to the
the highest torque/current ratio. Adjust the Accel Slip Voltage to
desired maximum motor current.
6-c. Measure the full load motor current at different speeds
constant torque operating area (see Figure 16). Increase the Accel
tion paramaeter until the maximum motor current is constant in thi
area.
6-d. Measure the full load torque in the high speed range
ent You're Reading a Preview Set the Pull Out Slip t
with
Unlock full access with a free trial. current at different sp
the Figure 16). Increase the
parameter Download With Free Trial current is constant within th
torque
6-f. Measure the torque and motor current at medium spe
regeneration for different Regen Slip parameter values. Set the Re
the value with the highest torque/current ratio.
6-g. Measure the full low sp
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20% of Nominal Motor Frequency). Voltag
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motor current is approximately acceleratin
6-h. Measure the full regeneration motor current at diffe
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News 6 — VEHICLE PERFORMANCE A

VEHICLE PERFORMANCE ADJUSTM

6
Documents

Sheet Music
The 1230 controller’s wide variety of adjustable parameters allows m
of vehicle performance to be optimized. This section provides expl
what the major tuning parameters do and instructions on how t
parameters to optimize the performance of your vehicle. Traction sys
is described first, followed by hydraulic system tuning.
The tuning procedures should be conducted in the sequence giv
successive steps build upon the ones before. It is important that t
these programmable parameters be understood in order to take ful
of the 1230 controller’s powerful features. Please refer to the desc
the applicable parameters in Section 3 if there is any question abou
of them do.
The 1230’s MultiMode™ feature allows the vehicle to be
to provide two distinct operating modes. Typically, Mode 1 is op
precision maneuvering and Mode 2 for faster outdoor travel. If y
is intended to operate in two modes, some of the tuning procedur
performed twice—once for each mode.
Three performance characteristics are usually tuned on a new
You're Reading a Preview

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7 T u n i n g t he ve hi cl e ’ s d yn a m i c r e s p o n s e ( C o n t r o l m e n u p a r a m

This procedure accomplishes the major tuning of the vehicle’s resp


the P Gain and I Gain parameters IG
ing this procedure, operate Sign up to vote on this title
7 -a. First, set the Useful Not useful to s
corresponding to the fastest required rates for your application.
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News 6 — VEHICLE PERFORMANCE ADJUSTMENT

> Throttle), see pages 28–29. This procedure adjusts characteristic


Documents the “feel” of the vehicle.
8-a. Speed (Speed Limit Type, M1/M2 Max Speed, M
Sheet Music
Speed). First, set the Speed Limit Type parameter to match the ty
limit input your application will use.
Two speed setpoints are set in each operating mode: the speed at
when the speed limit pot is in its highest position (Max Speed) an
at full throttle when the speed limit pot is in its lowest position (M
These parameters are set through experimentation. If the vehi
too fast, reduce the setting; if it is too slow, increase the setting.
8-b. Response to increased throttle (Throttle Map, M1/M2
Set the Throttle Map parameter to 50%. Drive the vehicle and adj
cel Rate for the best overall response. If the vehicle starts too slowl
driving conditions, reduce the Accel Rate.
The throttle map can be adjusted if necessary to achieve
control at low speeds. If the vehicle responds well for fast, full ran
transitions but is too jumpy during low speed maneuvering, reduce t
Map value; see Figure 14, page 29. On the other hand, if you wa
more the Throttle Map val
You're Reading a Preview
(M1/M2 Decel Rate). T
vehicle Unlock full access with a free trial. or completely released
using the Decel Rate based on
time Download With Free Trial throttle when traveling a
with abruptly when the throttle
increase the Decel Rate.
8-d. Response to a new direction command (M1/M2 Brake
way the vehicle responds when adjuste
Brake Rate parameter. First, Sign up to vote on this title desir
the vehicle to stop upon
selecting with full load. If the
cle selected, increase the Brake Useful Not usefultraveling a
Rate. new
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9 Hydraulic system tuning
Sheet Music Tuning the hydraulic system is more straightforward than tuning th
tem, because the parameters are not as inter-related. Nonetheless, it i
that the effect of these programmable parameters be understood;
to the description of the hydraulic parameters on pages 39–41.
If your application does not use a hydraulic throttle (stand
configuration B), it does not need to be tuned; set the Lift/Low
values to 0%, the Lift/Lower PV Max values to 100%, and the Lift/L
and Decel rates to 0. If your application includes a hydraulic throttl
wiring configuration C), use the following tuning procedure.
9-a. Select the appropriate Hydraulic Throttle Type (2 or 4
set the other throttle parameters: Hydraulic Throttle Deadband,
Throttle Max, and Hydraulic Throttle Map. Initially, use these defa
DB=10%, throttle max=100%, and map=50%.
9-b. Tune the active throttle range. Adjust the deadband a
max settings using the multi-step procedures outlined for their tract
equivalents on page 48.
desired, set the Variable Lowe
to On. You're Reading a Preview
Unlock full access with a free trial. and Min values based o
manufacturer’s
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Min values by watchi
Valve Prop Valve PWM) while y
the throttle. Slowly increase the Lift throttle until the Lift cylinde
rise; use the displayed Prop Valve PWM value for Lift PV Min (
System > Hydraulics > Lift PV Min). Push the throttle further un
speed is no longer increasing; Sign up to vote on this title PWM
Lift PV Max. Useful Not useful
9-f. Fine-tune the Lower PV Max and Min values using th
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DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOT


Documents

Sheet Music
7 Diagnostic information is provided by the fault codes flashed by
LED, the fault display on the Spyglass gauge, and the Faults menu o
programmer. Refer to the troubleshooting chart at the end of this
suggestions covering a wide range of possible faults.
LED DIAGNOSTICS
The Status LED output at J1-Pin 17 provides either fault codes (Tabl
categories (Table 4), depending on how the Fault Code parameter
built-in Status LED located on top of the controller always provides f

L E D Fault C o d e s
During normal operation, with no faults present, the Status LED flas
If the controller detects a fault, a 2-digit fault code is flashed until
corrected. For example, code “3,2”—main contactor fault—appea
¤¤¤ ¤¤ ¤¤¤ ¤¤ ¤¤¤ ¤¤
(3,2) (3,2) (3,2)
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EXPLANATION

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LED defective controller
solid microprocessor fault
0,1 ■ ¤ controller operational; no known faul
1,2 ¤ ¤¤ motor speed encoder or failsafe fault
1,3 ¤ ¤¤¤ motor overcurrent or wiring fault
1,4 ¤ ¤¤¤¤ Sign up to vote on this title
2,1 ¤¤ ¤ Useful Not useful
2,2 ¤¤ ¤¤
2,3 ¤¤ ¤¤¤ HPD sequencing error
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L E D Fault Categories
Sheet Music In the “fault category” format, the LED indicates one of three cate
cause the category does not provide diagnostic information, you w
use the programmer to find out what the problem is.

Table 4 STATUS LED FAULT CATEGORIES

CATEGORY INDICATION

No faults present Status LED shows heartbeat.

Warning Status LED is flashing at 2 Hz r


Fault Status LED is continuously on.

SPYGLASS DIAGNOSTICS
The eight-character LCD on the Spyglass displays a continuous s
hourmeter, battery state-of-charge, and fault messages.
Fault messages are displayed using the same codes that are fla
LED. ¤¤¤ ¤¤ ) for a main cont
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and CODE 32 .
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PROGRAMMERDownload With Free Trial


The information in plain la
currently set faults are displayed in the Diagnostics Menu (see seco
in the troubleshooting chart), and the status of the controller inp
is displayed in the Monitor Menu.
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TROUBLESHOOTING Useful Not useful


The troubleshootin chart Table 5 rovides suestions coverin a
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Table 5 TROUBLESHOOTING CHART


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PROGRAMMER
CODE EXPLANATION POSSIBLE CAUSE
LCD DISPLAY

1,2 Motor Speed Encoder Motor speed encoder pulses 1. Incorrect encoder wiring.
are not correct. 2. Controller defective.
Motor Failsafe Motor stalled, or motor turning 1. Incorrect encoder wiring.
faster than desired. 2. Motor blocked.
3. Insufficient braking torque.
4. Motor control P Gain and I
settings too low.
5. Failsafe delay too short.
1,3 Motor Overcurrent Motor phase overcurrent. 1. Incorrect motor wiring.
2. Controller defective.
Motor Output Fault Motor output protection feature 1. Incorrect motor wiring.
has been triggered. 2. Controller defective.
1,4 Static Return To Off SRO sequencing error. 1. Improper sequence of KSI,
and direction inputs.
2. Wrong SRO type selected.
3. Misadjusted throttle pot.
Direction switch open.
You're Reading a Preview Sequencing delay too short.
Wrong throttle type selected
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2,1 Throttle Wiper High Throttle input wire shorted
Defective throttle pot.
Download With Free Trial Wrong throttle type selected
Incorrect speed limit pot wi
2,2 Emergency Reverse Wiring Open Emergency reverse wiring fault. 1. Emerg. Rev. wire or check w
2,3 High Pedal Disable HPD sequencing error. 1. Improper sequence of KSI,
and throttle inputs.
selected .
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short.
6. Wrong throttle type selected
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Table 5 TROUBLESHOOT ING CHART, continued


Sheet Music
PROGRAMMER
CODE EXPLANATION POSSIBLE CAUSE
LCD DISPLAY

3,3 Brake Fault Brake wiring or driver fault. 1. Brake coil open.
2. Brake missing.
3. Wire to brake missing.
4. Brake driver shorted.
4,1 Service Total Disabled Total disable timer has expired. 1. Expired total disable timer.
Service Drive Disabled Drive disable timer has expired. 1. Expired drive disable timer.
Service Total Expired Total maintenance timer has expired. 1. Expired total maintenance t
Service Drive Expired Drive maintenance timer has expired. 1. Expired drive maintenance
4,2 Battery Overvoltage Battery voltage is too high. 1. Battery voltage >overvoltage
limit.
2. Operation with charger atta
Battery Undervoltage Battery voltage is too low. 1. Battery voltage <undervolta
limit.
2. Corroded battery terminal.
3. Loose battery or controller t
4,3 Temperature Cutback You're Reading a Preview emperature >85°C or <-25
Excessive load on vehicle.
Unlock full access with a free trial. Improper mounting of cont
Operation in extreme envir
4,4 Anti Tiedown Download With Free Trial Mode switch shorted to B+.
Mode switch “tied down” to
M2 permanently.

5,1 Hardware Failure Hardware failure. 1. Controller defective.


5,2 Software Failure Software failure. 1. Controller defective.

5,3 Parameters Corrupt Parameters corrupt. Sign up to vote on this title


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MAINTENANCE
Documents

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8 There are no user serviceable parts in the Curtis 1230 controller. N


should be made to open, repair, or otherwise modify the contro
so may damage the controller and will void the warranty.
It is recommended that the controller and connections be kep
dry and that the controller’s diagnostics history file be checked a
periodically.

CLEANING
Periodically cleaning the controller exterior will help protect it again
and possible electrical control problems created by dirt, grime, and
that are part of the operating environment and that normally exis
powered systems.
CAUTION ☞ When working around any battery powered system, pr
precautions should be taken. These include, but are not limited
training, wearing eye protection, and avoiding loose clothing and
Use the following cleaning procedure for routine maintenance
a high controller.
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the battery.
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the controller by conne
across the controller’s
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3. Remove any dirt or corrosion from the power and sign


nector areas. The controller should be wiped clean with
rag. Dry it before reconnecting the battery.
4. Make sure the Section
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7, for maximum the
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and motor connections.
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News APPENDIX A: EMC & ESD DESIGN CON

APPENDIX A
Documents VEHICLE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
REGARDING ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC
Sheet Music
AND ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)


Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) encompasses two areas: em
immunity. Emissions are radio frequency (rf) energy generated by
This energy has the potential to interfere with communications sy
as radio, television, cellular phones, dispatching, aircraft, etc. Imm
ability of a product to operate normally in the presence of rf energ
EMC is ultimately a system design issue. Part of the EMC p
is designed into or inherent in each component; another part is de
or inherent in end product characteristics such as shielding, wiring,
and, finally, a portion is a function of the interactions between all
The design techniques presented below can enhance EMC perfo
products that use Curtis motor controllers.

Emissions
You're Reading a Preview
Signals produce significant emiss
nected Unlock full access with a free trial. (created by long wires space
Contactor output from Curtis controlle
tribute Download With Free Trial are pulse width modul
waves h in harmonics. (Note
drivers that are not modulated will not contribute to emissions.) T
of these switching waveforms can be minimized by making the wir
controller to the contactor or motor as short as possible and by
wires near each other (bundle bu
wires separately). Sign up to vote on this title
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For applications requiring solution m
enclosing the controller, interconnect wires, contactors, and motor
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News APPENDIX A: EM C & ESD DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Conducted paths are created by the wires connected to the


Documents These wires act as antennas and the amount of rf energy coupled
is generally proportional to their length. The rf voltages and curre
Sheet Music in each wire are applied to the controller pin to which the wire is
Curtis controllers include bypass capacitors on the printed circ
throttle wires to reduce the impact of this rf energy on the intern
In some applications, additional filtering in the form of ferrite bea
be required on various wires to achieve desired performance levels.
Radiated paths are created when the controller circuitry is
in an external field. This coupling can be reduced by placing the
as far as possible from the noise source or by enclosing the con
metal box. Some Curtis PMC controllers are enclosed by a heatsin
provides shielding around the controller circuitry, while others a
shielded or unshielded. In some applications, the vehicle designer
mount the controller within a shielded box on the end product. T
be constructed of just about any metal, although steel and aluminu
commonly used.
Most coated plastics do not provide good shielding because t
are not true metals, but rather a mixture of small metal particles
conductive particles may appear
based You're Reading a Preview do not provide adequa
mobility Unlock full access with a freeeffectiveness.
trial.
Electroless plating of
yield an rf shield, but it is u
expensive Download With Free Trial any holes or seams,

Faraday cage, provides the best shielding for the given material and
When a hole or holes are added, rf currents flowing on the outsid
the shield must take a longer path to get around the hole than if
was contiguous. As more “bending” currents, m
is coupled to the inside surface, Sign up to vote on this titleeffectiveness
The reduction in shielding Useful Not useful dim
hole rather than the area. ve
necessary, in which case many small holes are preferable to a few la
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News APPENDIX A: EMC & ESD DESIGN CON

can be reduced by filtering the wire where it passes through the shield
Documents Given the safety considerations involved in connecting electrical c
to the chassis or frame in battery powered vehicles, such filtering
Sheet Music consist of a series inductor (or ferrite bead) rather than a shunt cap
capacitor is used, it must have a voltage rating and leakage charact
will allow the end product to meet applicable safety regulations.
The B+ (and B-, if applicable) wires that supply power
panels—such as an electronic throttle, or control wires such as
direction, etc.—should be bundled with the other control wires t
so that all these wires are routed together. If the wires to the contr
routed separately, a larger loop area is formed. Larger loop areas pr
efficient antennas which will result in decreased immunity perform
Keep all low power I/O separate from the motor and battery l
this is not possible, cross them at right angles.

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)


Curtis motor controllers contain ESD-sensitive components, and it
necessary to protect them from ESD (electrostatic discharge) dam
of these moderate ESD events, b
You're Reading a Preview
protected in a particular applicat
Unlock full access with a free trial. providing sufficient d
tween that a discharge will not o
providing Download With Free Trial discharge current such that
is isolated fields produced by the di
general the guidelines presented above for increasing radiated im
also provide increased ESD immunity.
It is usually easier to prevent the discharge from occurring th
the current path. A fundamental prevention is
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adequately thick insulation the o
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ronment so that the voltage threshold
a discharge to occur. If the current diversion approach is used, all exp
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News APPENDIX B: P R OG R AM M E R OPERATION & MENU S

Documents

APPENDIX B
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PROGRAMMERS
Curtis programmers provide programming, diagnostic, and test cap
the 1230 controller. The power for operating the programmer is s
the host controller via a 4-pin connector. Two programmers are av
PC Programming Station (1314) and the handheld programmer (1
Programming Station has features not available on the handheld u
other hand, the handheld programmer has the advantage of being mo
Typically the Programming Station is used to set up the parameters i
the handheld programmer is used to made adjustments in the field
Two versions of each programmer are available: the User pr
can adjust only User-access parameters, whereas the OEM progra
adjust all the parameters.

HANDHELD PROGRAMMER (1311)


The 1311 programmer is easy to use, with self-explanatory funct
plugging in the programmer, wait a few seconds for it to boot up
Fig. B-1 Curtis 1311 You're Reading a Preview
handheld programmer.
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News APPENDIX B: P R OG R AM M E R OPERATIO

information from the controller. For experimenting with settings, th


Documents mer can be left plugged in while the vehicle is driven.
The bookmark keys can make parameter adjustment more conv
Sheet Music example, in setting the throttle deadband parameter, you might set a
at this parameter in the Throttle submenu [Program > Throttle > Thr
band] and another at the throttle readout [Monitor > Inputs > Thro
this way you can easily toggle between the readout and the parame
To set a bookmark, press one of the three bookmark keys for
two seconds. To jump to a bookmarked location, press the approp
mark key quickly (for less than two seconds).
The bookmark keys also have another function that make
ming easier. When setting the value of a parameter, you can use th
adjust the increments by which the value changes—with Bookmark
value changes in 10-digit steps up or down; with Bookmark Key
the value changes in 100-digit steps; and with Bookmark Key 3, in
steps—which, for most parameters, takes you from the maximum t
mum, or vice versa.

PC
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The ws 32-bit application th
standard Unlock full access with a free trial. the handheld program
and saving/restoring sets of
to/from Download With Free TrialInstructions for using the Pro
Station

PROGRAMMER MENUS
The programmers have six Sign up to vote on this title
Program — provides access Useful Not useful param
Monitor — presents real-time values during vehicle operation; these
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