Workshop user guide

GRAFCET
to FAMIC to Technologies Inc.

All rights reserved.

the SFC User's Manual, Automation Studio guide. Reference

document: AS5_GUI_SF02_003

REPRODUCTION

Any partial or total of this guide or program, reproduction is prohibited without the written consent
of FAMIC to Technologies Inc.

IBM is a trademark of IBM Corporation. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.

PNEUSIM is a registered trademark of FAMIC to Technologies Inc. AUTOMATION STUDIO is a

registered trademark of FAMIC to Technologies Inc.

Famic Technologies Inc.

9999, boul. Cavendish, bureau 350, St-Laurent, QC, Canada, H4M 2X5 Tel.: 514-748-8050,
Fax: 514-748-7169, URL: www.automationstudio.com
 Summary

Summary................................................. .................................................. .................................... .......... i List of figures

.................................................. .................................................. v ............

one. Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ................. 1-1

1.1. A purpose of the workshop GRAFCET ............................................. ............................. 1-1

2. Description of the SFC Editor's Menus ......................................... ................ 02.01

2.1. Menu "Edit" .............................................. .................................................. ... 2-2

2.1.1. Command "Component Properties" menu "Edit" ........... 2-3

2.1.2. Command "Document Properties" menu "Edit" ............ 2-3

2.2. Menu "GRAFCET" .............................................. ............................................... 2-7

2.3. The toolbar "GRAFCET" ........................................... ................... 2-9

3. Conduct a first SFC ........................................... ...................................... 3-1

3.1. Creating a new project and a new scheme ....................................... 3 -one

3.2. Introduction to GRAFCET in Automation Studio ............................................ ... 3-2

3.3. Graphic representation................................................ ........................................... 3-4

3.4. Description of SFC elements ............................................ ............ 3-5

3.5. Circuit Description ............................................... .......................................... 3-7

3.6. Grafcet insertion ............................................... ............................................... 3-8

3.6.1. Inserting stages .............................................. ................................. 3-9

3.6.2. Inserting transitions .............................................. ..................... 3-16

3.6.3. Defining the actions .............................................. ......................... 3-20

3.6.4. Insertion of the links between components ...................................... 3-21

3.6.5. And ............................................... link .............................................. 3-22

3.6.6. O link ............................................... .............................................. 3-24

3.6.7. Integration of structured texts ............................................. ......... 3-27

3.6.8. Comments inserting free ............................................. ........... 3-30

3.7. Check errors ............................................... .............................................. 3-32

i
the SFC User's Manual Guide

4. Usage GRAFCET .............................................. .................................................. ........ 4-1

4.1. Introduction ................................................. .................................................. ....... 4-1

4.2. .............................................. list of identifiers ...................................... 4-2

4.2.1. ................................................. stages .................................................. ..... 4-2

4.2.2. ................................................. transition ................................................ 4- 3

4.2.3. Structured Text ................................................ .................................... 04.03

4.2.4. Free comment ................................................ ....................................... 4-4

4.2.5. reserved words ................................................ ................................... 4-4

4.3. Variables ................................................. .................................................. ............. 4-5

4.3.1. Type of variables ............................................... ....................................... 4-5

4.3.2. Creating variables ............................................... ................................. 4-5

4.3.3. Creating external links variables .......................................... 4- 6

4.4. Constants ................................................. .................................................. .......... 4-6

4.5. Basic arithmetic expressions operators ............................................. ....... 4-6

4.6. Advanced mathematical expressions operators ............................................. 4-7

4.7. Operators Boolean expressions .............................................. ................... 4-10

4.8. ............................................... flanks operators .......................................... 4-10

4.9. ................................................ relational operators ...................................... 11.04

4.10. Operator Precedence .............................................. ................................... 4-12

4.11. ................................................. assignments .................................................. .... 4-12

4.11.1. Continuous Boolean assignment ............................................... ................. 4-13

4.11.2. Number Assignment ................................................ .............................. 4-13

4.11.3. Conditional Boolean assignment ............................................... ............ 4-14

4.11.4. Conditional numerical assignment ............................................... ........... 4-14

4.11.5. ............................................... stored Boolean assignment ........... 4-14

4.12. .............................................. syntax check ..................................... 4-15

4.13. Example of a step-action ............................................ .................................. 4-17

4.14. Example of a transition .............................................. ..................................... 4-18

4.15. Structured Text ................................................ ............................................... 4-18

4.16. Free comments ................................................ .............................................. 4-19

4.17. Timings ................................................. ................................................ 4- 19

ii
 Summary

4.17.1. Delay timing activation ............................................ 4-20

4.17.2. Delay timing deactivation ........................................ 4-22

4.17.3. Timing with limited drive .............................................. .... 4-23

4.17.4. Activation time stages ............................................. ................. 4-23

4.18. Management states and defects chart ......................................... ......... 4-24

4.18.1. Management states chart ........................................... ............ 4-26

4.18.2. Management defects graphic ............................................ .............. 4-27

4.19. Macro steps ............................................... .................................................. ....... 4-28

4.20. Nested forced ................................................ ........................................ 4-29

4.20.1. Using nested forced ............................................. ..4-29

4.20.2. Rules for using nested forced ............................... 4-31

5. Simulation ............................................... .................................................. ...................... 5-1

5.1. States a graphic simulation ............................................ ......................... 5-1

5.2. States of a stage and a transition simulation 5 ....................................... -two

5.3. Management of defects of a graphic simulation ......................................... ... 5-4

5.3.1. Monitoring time sequence ............................................ ...... 5-4

5.3.2. Monitoring the times of activation stage ................................... 5-6

5.3.3. General defect generation graphic ............................................ ..5-9

5.4. Arrangement of windows .............................................. ................................... 5-10

5.5. Simulation of a project .............................................. .................................... 5-10

5.5.1. ............................................... user intervention ....................... 11.05

5.5.2. SFC_PNEU_FR.PR5 simulation project or

SFC_HYDRO_FR.PR5 ............................................... ........................... 05.12

5.6. Possible causes of problems .............................................. ................................ 05.12

5.6.1. Structure errors ............................................... ................................ 05.12

5.6.2. ............................................... syntax errors .................................... 5-14

6. Exercise ............................................... .................................................. ........................ 6-1

6.1. Exercise 1 - Control Circuit drill ......................................... ............. 6-1

6.1.1. Operational description of the circuit ......................................... 6- two

6.1.2. Grafcet ................................................. .................................................. .... 6-2

6.2. Exercise 2 - Control Circuit drilling unit 6-4 ............................

6.2.1. Description of Operational Part ............................................. ................ 05.06

iii
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.2.2. Description Control Wiring .............................................. ............. 6-10

6.2.3. Grafcet ................................................. .................................................. . 6-21

6.2.4. Simulation ................................................. ............................................. 6-35

A. Glossary ............................................... .................................................. .......................... A-1

B. Index ............................................... .................................................. .............................. B-1

iv
 List of figures

Figure 2-1: Main window SFC Editor ........................................ ..................... 2-1 Figure 2-2: Menu "Edit" .................

.................................................. ............................. 2-2 Figure 2-3: Options menu command "Select" "Edit" ..

............................ 2-2 Figure 2-4: Window "document Properties" dialog; branch

«Grafcet» ............................................... .................................................. ......... 2-4

Figure 2-5: Dialog box "Monitoring Sequence Time" ............................ 2-4 Figure 2-6 : Commands "GRAFCET" menu

........................................... ........................ 2-7 Figure 2-7: Options "verging and links" menu command

"GRAFCET" ............................................... .................................................. ... 2/7

Figure 2-8: Options "Insert" menu "GRAFCET" command ............................ Figure 2-8 2- 9: Toolbar GRAFCET

............................................ .......................... 2-9 Figure 3-1: dialog "document Properties" ........ 3-2

.................................. Figure 3-2: Example of a Grafcet .... .................................................. 3-4 ..................................

Figure 3-3: electrical and pneumatic circuit .... .................................................. ...................... 3-7 Figure 3-4: Grafcet

................... .................................................. Figure 3-8 ............................................ 3- 5: component symbol "Stage"

.......................................... ........................... 3-9 Figure 3-6:Type change step .............................................

............................... 3-9 Figure 3-7: dialog box "Properties stage» .. ............................................. 3-10 Figure 3 -8:

dialog box "Monitoring activation time

stage " ................................................ .................................................. ............ 10.03

Figure 3-9: Dialog box "Stage guided mode" ................................... .......... 3-13 Figure 3-10: dialog box "Transitions up"

........................ .................... 3-15 Figure 3-11: dialog box "Transitions down" .............. 3-15 .............................. Figure

3-12: transition symbol ......... .................................................. ........................... 3-16 Figure 3-13: Inserting transition 1

.......... .................................................. ................. 3-17 Figure 3-14: dialog box "Properties transition" ................

..................... 3-17

v
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 3-15: Dialog box "transition guided mode" ................................... 3-19 Figure 3-16: dialog box "Steps up"

.................................. ................... 3-19 Figure 3-17: dialog box "Steps down" ............... ....................................... 3-20

Figure 3-18: Defining a action ................................................. ............................... 3-21 Figure 3-19: transition 2, step 3

and transition 3 ... .................................................. ........... 3-21 Figure 3-20: Steps before divergence And

.......................... Figure 3-22 .............................................. 3-21: Steps following the creation of the divergence in Y

................................... 3 -23 Figure 3-22:State graph after creating a convergence

Y................................................. .................................................. .................. 3-24

Figure 3-23: Status chart before creating a convergence O ................ 3-25 Figure 3-24: Status graph after creating a

convergence
OR................................................. .................................................. .................. 3-27

Figure 3-25: Structured Text ........................................... ............................................... 3-27 Figure 3-26: Status chart

after creating a structured text .............. 3-28 Figure 3-27: dialog box "Properties structured text" ... 3-29 ........................

Figure 3-28: free Comment ................ .................................................. ........................... 3-30 Figure 3-29: Status chart

after creating a free comment .... ............. 3-31 Figure 3-30: dialog box "Properties comment» ..................... ................

3-31 Figure 3-31: message window ....................... .................................................. ............. 3-32 Figure 4-1: Inserting a

step ......................... ................................................... ............ 4-2 Figure 4-2: Inserting a transition ..........................

.................................................. ..... 4-3 Figure 4-3: Inserting a structured text ................................

...................................... 4-4 Figure 4-4: Inserting a comment free ................................................. ....................... 4-4

Figure 4-5: Schedule an action containing a rising edge .......... ............. 4-11 Figure 4-6: Assignment Boolean

continuous action ....................... 4-13 ............................ Figure 4-7: numerical Assignment ............

.................................................. .......................... 4-13 Figure 4-8: Boolean conditional assignment .............

........................4-14 ................................ Figure 4-9: Conditional numerical assignment .......

.................................................. Figure 4-10 4-14 ...........: memorized mappings .............................

............................................... 4-15

saw
 List of figures

5-1 ........................ Figure 5-2: Initial stage active ............... .................................................. ............................. 5-2

Figure 5-3: Step normal active .......... .................................................. ................................. 5-2 Figure 5-4: Macro-stage

active ..... .................................................. ....................................... 5-2 Figure 5-5: input stage active

................................................. ....................................... 5-2 Figure 5-6: output stage active

................................................. ......................................... 5-3 Figure 5-7: Step with breakpoint and blocked number.

...................................... 5-3 Figure 5-8: State transition franqueable simulation ............

vii
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 5-9: Arrangement of different windows ........................................ ..................... 5-10 Figure 5-10: deforzado Examples of a push button .............. NA

................................. 11.05 Figure 5-11: Rule 5 ..... GRAFCET .................................................. 5-13 ............................ Figure 5-12: SFC Rule 5 (continued)

....... .................................................. . 5-14 Figure 5-13: SFC Rule 5 (continued) .................................. 5-14 ........................ Figure 6-1: SFC circuit and control

a drill ........... .................................................. 6-1 Figure 6-2: Cell drilling ....................................... .................................................. . 6-4 Figure 6-3:Since

feeding pieces of the drilling unit 6-6 .......................... Figure 6-4: Since fixing and drilling unit ................................................ Figure 6-5 .... 6-7: test stand and

evacuation of the drilling unit ............................ 6-8 .. Figure 6-6: Indexed table of the drilling unit ............................... 06.09 ................ Figure 6-7: control Panel

....................... .................................................. ....................... 6-10 Figure 6-8: Scheme control operating part ............ Figure 6 .............................................

6-17 -9: control scheme operating part (continued) 6-18 ................................ Figure 6 -10: control scheme, signaling .................................6-19

.................................. Figure 6-11: Scheme control, signal ... .................................................. .............. 6-20 Figure 6-12: hierarchical structure of graphics

automation ..................... .............. 6-21 Figure 6-13: hierarchical structure of graphics automation ..................... .............. 6-23 Figure 6-14: Figure DEFAIL,

processing defects ...................... .......................... 6-24 Figure 6-15: Figure DEFAIL, controls initialization of the graphics ....... ................. 6-25 Figure 6-16:

Figure DEFAIL, controls up graphics ................ .................. 6-26 Figure 6-17: Figure START_STOP ...................... .................................................. Figure 6-18

6-27 ...........: Figure START_UP ............................................................... 6-28 ........................ Figure 6-19: Chart mechanical initialization INIT_MEC .............

................................ 6-29 Figure 6-20: operational diagram NORMAL ...... .................................................. ... 6-30 Figure 6-21: Figure macro step

.................................. FEEDER ..................................... 6-31 Figure 6-22: Figure macro step DRILL .................................................. 6-32 ........................ Figure

6-23: Figure macro step EVAC ............. .................................................. ............ 6-33 Figure 6-24: Figure SHUTDOWN ............................

.................................................. ...... 6-34Figure 6-19 6-28: Chart mechanical initialization INIT_MEC ..................................... ........ 6-29 Figure 6-20:

operational diagram NORMAL .............................. ............................. 6-30 Figure 6-21: Figure macro step ........ FEEDER ..................................................

............. 6-31 Figure 6-22: Figure macro step DRILL ........................ .................................................. 6-32 Figure 6-23: Figure macro step EVAC

..................................... ...................................... 6-33 Figure 6-24: Figure SHUTDOWN .. .................................................. ................................ 6-34Figure 6-19

6-28: Chart mechanical initialization INIT_MEC ..................................... ........ 6-29 Figure 6-20: operational diagram NORMAL ..............................

............................. 6-30 Figure 6-21: Figure macro step ........ FEEDER .................................................. ............. 6-31 Figure 6-22: Figure macro step DRILL

........................ .................................................. 6-32 Figure 6-23: Figure macro step EVAC ..................................... ...................................... 6-33 Figure 6-24:

Figure SHUTDOWN .. .................................................. ................................ 6-34.................................................. ... 6-30 Figure 6-21: Figure macro step

.................................. FEEDER ..................................... 6-31 Figure 6-22: Figure macro step DRILL .................................................. 6-32 ........................ Figure

6-23: Figure macro step EVAC ............. .................................................. ............ 6-33 Figure 6-24: Figure SHUTDOWN ............................

.................................................. ...... 6-34.................................................. ... 6-30 Figure 6-21: Figure macro step .................................. FEEDER

..................................... 6-31 Figure 6-22: Figure macro step DRILL .................................................. 6-32 ........................ Figure 6-23: Figure macro step EVAC

............. .................................................. ............ 6-33 Figure 6-24: Figure SHUTDOWN ............................ .................................................. ...... 6-34Figure macro step EVAC .........................

viii
1. Introduction
Is the SFC User's Manual Guide It presents the necessary for use of this information workshop with Automation
Studio. This information includes descriptions of the components, the adjusting method thereof, and performing
circuit simulation and practical examples.

Automation Studio is a modular simulation program. It consists of a core to which is attached different simulation
modules.

Modules called "workshops" comprise component libraries that allow you to make circuits of different nature -
GRAFCET, electrical, etc. - independently or in combination.

The core comprises the editing, simulation, file management, printing and display.

1.1. A purpose of the workshop GRAFCET

The SFC workshop is an instrument of direct manipulation graphic editing and simulation GRAFCET (SFC). The
script used conforms to the international IEC 61131-3 standard and extension proposals as defined by the SFC
group AFCET and the draft standard PR NF EN 60848.

1-1
2. Description of the SFC Editor's Menus

This chapter describes the SFC Editor menus that are not addressed in the User's guide. For the description of items
whose functionality is shared by the other workshops, see User's guide .

Figure 2-1: Main window SFC Editor

2-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

2.1. Menu "Edit"

Figure 2-2: Menu "Edit"

The commands of the "Edit" menu SFC Editor are:

Select

Select the following: all stages, transitions, structured text, comments, links, everything that is below the
transition / selected stage and finally, all of the graphic element.

Figure 2-3: Command Options "selection" of

"Edit" menu

The choices of the "Edit" menu command "Select" are:

· All steps: Select all stages.

· All Transitions: Selects all the transitions.

· All structured texts: Select all structured texts.

· All comments: Selects all comments.

· All links: Select all links.

2-2
 Description of the SFC Editor's Menus

· Then: Select all that is below the transition / selecting step including the selected item.

· All: You can select all schema elements.

Component Properties

Gives access to the properties of the selected element (see 3.6 the SFC).

Document Properties

It gives access to the document properties: Page Setup, Summary Information, Grafcet, Summary.

2.1.1. Command "Component Properties" menu "Edit"

This command gives access to the dialog box of the properties of the selected component. Les properties of the
Grafcet components are described in the following chapters (see 3.6 Inserting the Grafcet).

2.1.2. Command "Document Properties" menu "Edit"

This command gives access to the dialog "Document Properties." The properties of a document grafcet are
grouped into four branches:

· Page Setup;

· summary information;

· Grafcet;

· Review.

The "Page Setup", "Summary Information" and "Overview" properties are similar for all documents Automation
Studio, refer to the User's Guide to get more details.

When this dialog box opens, the SFC branch is selected by default.

2-3
the SFC User's Manual Guide

AB ED

C G

I
H

Figure 2-4: Dialog box "Properties

document "; branch "Grafcet"

Figure 2-5: Dialog box "Monitoring time

Sequence "

Areas of the window "Document Properties" dialog are:

Section Description

TO First name In this area the name of the default chart appears. You can modify this field. It
synchronized with the document name in the "Project Explorer".

2-4
 Description of the SFC Editor's Menus

Section Description

B hierarchical level in this area is possible to register the graph jerárquicodel level,
default the graph is 0 level (top level). Extending levels must be between 0 and 999.

C Class In the drop-down list in this area you can specify whether the graph is the execution of
a macro-step or a normal chart. By default the graphic is defined as NORMAL.

D step source In this area, the SFC editor displays the name of the step defined as macro step in the
graphic source and enables the graphic macro-step.

AND Step This box checked by default, lets you specify whether the execution of the graph is
Unconditional unconditional.
Grafcet
If the box is unchecked, a structured text must contain the condition graph execution.
Eg SFC_Name.RUN IF CONDITION.

F Commentary In this area you can register the general comment of the chart. This button accesses
the dialog "Monitoring Sequence Time." The time sequence is calculated between the
G Supervision
Weather start and the return to the initial stage.

F To use this feature, there should be no more than a

initial step in this figure and should be mandatory step 1.

Time of
minimum sequence in this area
minimum
may register
sequence.a time
If the sequence is activated by a
lower period, the default minimum sequence time this
graphic set to TRUE (eg. GRA_001.SEQ_MIN_FAULT).

Time of
maximum sequence in this maximum
area may register
sequence.a time
If the sequence is active for a higher
period, the default maximum time sequence of this graph
is set to TRUE (eg. GRA_001.SEQ_MAX_FAULT)

2-5
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Section Description

H Level of Comments, Level 1 Whether to display the comments of the Grafcet

display components (level 1).

Phrasing (action,
transition), Level 2 whetheroperational
to display the
(stocks,
statements
receptivity) of the Grafcet components
(level 2).

I Simulation boolean When the name of the Boolean variables true state this
animation preference is selected, it is displayed in reverse video
during a simulation.

digital When this preference is selected, a field that contains

animation the value of the variable to the right of the name of the
numerical variables during a simulation.

Tracking active When this option is selected, moving graphics on the

steps windows so you always active steps is displayed on the
screen. Visualizacón priority is given to the stages
positioned at the top left in the schemes. Therefore, if two
stages of the same graph are activated simultaneously,
priority is attributed to visualizacón step uppermost and
leftmost in the graph.

J options Automatic adjustment Adjusts relationships in Y and O by the shortest path

verging between step / transition components.

Automatic Send on In order to simplify the schemes, automatically

rising edge replaces the rising edges of shipments

automatic opening of automatically opens the component properties dialog

the dialog box (Figure, step, transition, comment or structured text) at the
properties time of its creation.

2-6
 Description of the SFC Editor's Menus

2.2. Menu "GRAFCET"

Figure 2-6: Menu Commands "GRAFCET"

Commands "SFC" menu are:

Links and Branches

It gives access to actions on links and Branches (convergence / divergence Y or O). Options "Links and Branches"

of the "SFC" menu command are:

Figure 2-7: Command Options "Links and

verging "menu" GRAFCET "

· Reset link allows redraw the selected vergente and links that are associated with it according to the shortest
path between the elements.

· Adjust vergente: allows setting a vergente shipments containing selected as the shortest path.

· Convert link shipping / convert shipping link: Converts a link in shipping and inversely depending on the
context.

Convert stage

Converts a normal stage in initial stage and vice versa.

block number

Command to block the number of the selected item to prevent it attributed a new number.

02.07
the SFC User's Manual Guide

unlock number

Command to unlock the number of the selected item to allow it attributed a new number.

renumber

Renumber allows selected items except those whose number has been previously blocked.

Insert

It allows access tools insertion elements in the Grafcet. Items can also be inserted from the toolbar. Options

"Insert" from "GRAFCET" menu command are:

Figure 2-8: Command Options "Insert" menu

"GRAFCET"

· Initial stage: Inserts an initial step in the SFC.

· Macro-stage: Inserts a macro step in the SFC.

· Input stage: Inserts an input stage a macro defined SFC.

· Output stage: Inserts an output stage on a macro defined SFC.

· Standard Step: Inserts a standard step in the SFC.

· Transition: Inserts a transition in the SFC.

· Switching stage / transition: Inserts alternating normal / transition stage in SFC.

02.08
 Description of the SFC Editor's Menus

· Alternation transition / step: Inserts alternating transition / normal stage in SFC.

· Structured Text: Inserts a structured text into a Grafcet.

· Comment: Inserts a free comment on a Grafcet.

Mistakes

Erores detects all the graph. Error messages and / or warning messages appear in the message window (see Message
window in the User Guide).

2.3. The toolbar "GRAFCET"

GRAFCET tool bar contains buttons corresponding to frequently used Project Explorer and Diagram Editor
commands. The toolbar is automatically fair to utility assets. When a command is not available in a utility, the
button is greyed out.

BA CD AND F GH I

KJ

Figure 2-9: Toolbar GRAFCET

Tools bar GRAFCET tools are:

Tool Description

TO Selection Release allows the cursor to select items.

B initial stage Inserts an initial stage.

C Macro-stage Inserts a macro-step.

D Input stage Inserts an input stage a macro defined SFC.

AND Output stage Inserts an output stage on a macro defined SFC.

F normal stage Inserts a standard step.

G Transition Inserts a transition.

2-9
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Tool Description

H Alternation Inserts alternating normal / transition stage.

Step / Transition

I Alternation transition Inserts an alternate transition / normal stage.

/ stage

J Structured Text Inserts a structured text.

K Commentary Insert a free comment.

2-10
3. Conduct a first SFC
This example wants to familiarize the user with program commands. Step presents a method that allows you to
build SFC.

3.1. Creating a new project and a new scheme

To create a new project containing schemes, proceed as follows:

1. Choose "File" to " New project ".

The Schema Editor window presents the menus and commands management schemes. The new window
created is a folder containing the list of all the schemes that project. To create a new Grafcet.

2. Choose "File" to " New " to "Grafcet".

The dialog box "model Grafcet" appears on the screen.

3. Select the model that suits you.

F In this example, no models yet been created, so your only option is

" None ".

4. Press "OK".

The dialog "Document Properties" containing the properties of the graphic appears on the screen.

5. For this graph, register GRA_001 in the "Name", the hierarchical level and class field are defined by default in "0"
and "standard". List Performing a first grafcet as a comment.

6. Click on 'Apply' to validate the changes.

7. Click "Close" to close the dialog box and return to the schema.

3-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Grafcet Editor adds to the menu bar and the toolbar all the necessary commands for performing the
Grafcet. The status bar provides useful information when you browse an outline.

Figure 3-1: Dialog box "Properties

document '

3.2. Introduction to GRAFCET in Automation Studio

Generally, an automated system is organized into two interdependent parts:

· Operational Part (PO): physical process to be automated.

· Part Control (PC): the logical drive, depending on the inputs, outputs prepares orders aimed at the

operative part or outside elements. SFC is a graphical representation of a model using the basic elements of

SFC to represent an automated system. The basic elements of the SFC are:

3-2
 Performing a first grafcet

· The stages that are associated actions;

· Transitions to which are associated receptivity;

· Structured texts that correspond to autonomous actions not associated with a stage;

· Oriented links connecting the steps and transitions.

3-3
the SFC User's Manual Guide

3.3. Graphic representation

The sigueinte shows a typical SFC containing different basic elements of the SFC.

Figure 3-2: Example of a Grafcet

3-4
 Performing a first grafcet

3.4. Description of elements GRAFCET

First name Symbol Description

Stage: initial An initial step is represented by a double square

inactive identified by a number.

normal stage The input stage is the top of the stage.

The output stage is the bottom of the stage.

A normal stage is represented by a square identified by a

number. Actions are related by a connector to the symbol
stage at which these are associated.

Macro-stage A macro-step is represented by a square identified by a

number and with a box up and down. You name graph is
activated by the macro-step appears on your right.

Input stage An input stage represented by a square identified by a

number and with a box above.

Output An output stage is represented by a square identified by

stage a number and with a box below.

active steps An active phase is identified with a red tab at the symbol
center stage during the simulation.

3-5
the SFC User's Manual Guide

First name Symbol Description

Transition A transition is represented by a cross a two stages. It is

identified with a numerical mark. Receptivity is always

right symbol transition.

source A source transition is a transition that is not related to

transition a stage above

Link A link connects the output of the transition 21 with the

input l'step 11.

OR Divergence When a connection between a source stage and several

transitions, one OR Divergence is drawn over the link.

Convergence O When a connection between various sources

transitions and a stage, OR Convergence is drawn
over the link.

AND When there is a link between a source and several

Divergence transition stages, AND Divergence is drawn over the
link.

AND When there is a link between various stages sources

convergence and a transition stage, a convergence and is drawn
over the link.

Text Structured texts are actions unrelated to a stage.

structured They are related to the graph.

3-6
 Performing a first grafcet

First name Symbol Description

free comment Free comments can be arranged everywhere in the SFC

scheme. They are related to the graph.

3.5. Circuit Description

Before building its first Grafcet, open the file SFC_PNEU_FR.PR5 if you have the tire shop or open the file
SFC_HYDRO_FR.PR5 if you have the Hydraulic workshop. These files contain a pneumatic or hydraulic circuit and the
Grafcet that controls them. You will find the program folder Exerc. You can use these examples to build their own
Grafcet.

1. Create a new project, arrange the pneumatic / hydraulic components like the file you have open. Assign the same
names to the components.

You can copy / paste the components in its new scheme.

Figure 3-3: Electrical and pneumatic circuit

The above circuit allows to move a load from level 1 to level 2 for deposit in the container left or right depending on
their mass. The rise of the load is carried out

3-7
the SFC User's Manual Guide

the output of the cylinder rod is then A. The load level 2 pushed by the advancement of the cylinder rod B. The rotation
of the motor in one direction or another simulated deposit cargo containers.

3.6. Grafcet insertion

In the following sections, we will detail the operations that allow the realization of the SFC of the following figure. To
insert the SFC, create the pattern shown in Figure 3- 3: Electrical and pneumatic circuit. Note that the label should
be associated solenoid after the creation of the internal variables in the Grafcet.

Figure 3-4: grafcet

03.08
 Performing a first grafcet

F Attention, a component of the workshop GRAFCET can be connected only with

components of the workshop.

3.6.1. Inserting stages

1. Create a new Grafcet. Uncheck the "unconditional Grafcet Step 'box.

2. On the SFC tool bar, choose the component "Normal Stage."

Figure 3-5: component symbol "Stage"

3. In the new scheme, move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the stage and click the left mouse
button.

The dialog box containing the properties of the stage appears on the screen (see Figure 3-7: Dialog box "Properties

Stage"). For this "stage":

Four. List No. 1 in the field "Step number".

5. Select "Initial Stage" in the drop-down list of the field 'type'.

6. Press "OK".

F The stages are numbered according to the first free number.

Grafcet status:

Figure 3-6: Modification of the type of stage

3-9
the SFC User's Manual Guide

TO

D
F AND

J
KB
OR

NMLIH

Figure 3-7: Dialog box "Properties

stage "

Figure 3-8: Dialog box "Monitoring time

activation step "

The zones and buttons on this dialog box are:

areas Description

L Name of In this area the name of the graph containing the step appears. This field is not
graphic modifiable. However, this name can be changed in the "Name" field of the branch
"Grafcet" window "Document Properties" dialog.

3-10
 Performing a first grafcet

areas Description

M Number A number is automatically attribuido each stage. You can modify this number but
should always be between 1 and 999. Two stages can have the same number in
the same scheme.

N Number If the user chooses this option, the number of stage is not modified during the
locked automatic renumbering of a graphic or selected items. When the number is blocked,
the symbol "*" appears in the center of the left outer frame of the stage.

OR Kind In this area the user can select from a dropdown list from a macro, normal, early
stage, input or output.

P graphic macro-
the
If step associado stage is name macro
defined of the graph active macro-step.
step, specify in this area This field is disabled if the step is not
defined as a macro step.

Q Actions This area allows you to edit the actions of the stage. It shows the action or actions
associated with the stage. This field is greyed out for macro-stages and output
stages. The user can:

· Register several actions separating them with a semicolon;

· Enter multiple actions under the same condition with a comma separating them
(eg. Action1, Action 2, Action 3 Condition1 IF);

Composing the action to execute using the variables and operators presented as a
calculator window guided mode.

R Guided Mode This button gives access to the guided mode window to edit the stage action. This
button is greyed out for macro-stages and output stages.

S New Variable This button gives access to the window creating internal variables.
To learn more about creating variables, see the Variables Manager in the
User's Guide.

T External links giving access to the selection window This button technology for
creating external links (OPC, etc.). For more information about creating external links,
see the Variables Manager in the User's Guide.

11.03
the SFC User's Manual Guide

areas Description

OR Actions
Stage
unconditional tick box that shares
allows is notthat
specified conditional on the stateof
the implementation ofthe
operation of the chart (see 4.18
Management states and defects of a graphic section).

V Point of Tick ​box which allows to determine the suspension of the simulation when the stage is
interruption triggered.

W Supervision This button gives access to the definition window monitoring time activation stage.
Weather Minimum activation time

This area can register a minimum activation time step.

If step is activated for a shorter period, the default
minimum step time of this graph becomes TRUE (eg.
GRA_001.STEP_MIN_FAULT).

F If used (greater than 0),

the minimum time should be less than the
maximum time.

Maximum activation time This area can enter a maximum activation time step. If
the stage is activated for a longer period, the default
maximum step time of this graph becomes TRUE (ex.
GRA_001.STEP_MAX_FAULT).

F If used (greater than 0),

the maximum time should be less than the
minimum time.

X transitions This button provides access to the window containing the list of transitions
up preceding stage.

Y transitions This button gives access to the window containing the list of transitions that
down follow the stage.

3-12
 Performing a first grafcet

areas Description

Z Commentary It allows you to register comments on the action.

TO F
C

D HG

AND

Figure 3-9: Dialog box "Guided Mode

stage "

The list of "tags" on the previous dialog box contains the variables of the project in which you build the
Grafcet. See Variables Manager in the User's Guide.

3-13
the SFC User's Manual Guide

F Component variables are automatically created when editing the

schemes pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical and Ladder.

F In simulation, if a graph uses undefined variables, messages

corresponding warning appears in the message window. The simulation runs but actions, erroneous
transition conditions and structured texts are ignored. Transitions without receptivity or whose receptivity
is wrong have always false receptivity. Forced option in the context menu of the transition simulation
allows franking these transitions.

areas Description

TO Number Shows number of editing stage.

F The stages are numbered according to the first free number between 1
999.

B Instruction This text zone is used to register the stage action. Actions must conform to the syntax
defined SFC in Chapter 4 SFC Syntax.

C variables This combo box lets you select global or local variables of the project outline.

D Label This table contains the list of variables corresponding to the selected affiliation.

To select a variable, double-click it, it is automatically copied to the "operational statement

'field. The left column shows the tag variable and right columns show their referrals
components, their type, source document and description. See Variables Manager in the
User's Guide.

AND Syntax Description of the selected operator with a pulse of the left mouse button on the list of
examples or calculator section.

3-14
 Performing a first grafcet

areas Description

F Syntax This box allows you to activate syntax analysis during editing.
(Tick box)

G New This button gives access to the window creating internal variables. To learn more about
variable creating variables, see Variables Manager in the User's Guide.

H links This button gives access to the selection window technology to create external links
external (OPC, etc.). To learn more about creating external links, see the Variables Manager in
the User's Guide.

I operators These buttons allow an operator to enroll in the title of the action. Press the operator
button to insert in the calculator section.

J More / Less This button gives access to advanced operators in section

calculator.

Figure 3-10: Dialog box "Transitions

above "

Figure 3-11: Dialog box "Transitions

down "

3-15
the SFC User's Manual Guide

areas Description

Up transitions Validated transitions above step are displayed with the color of the active components.
You can select a transition in which they are displayed. The list can not be changed.

Transitions down Validated transitions down step are displayed with the color of the active components.
You can select a transition in which they are displayed. The list can not be changed.

3.6.2. Inserting transitions

1. In the toolbar of the workshop GRAFCET, select the "Transition" component.

Figure 3-12: Symbol Transition

2. Move the scheme, the mouse cursor to the exit of step 1.

3. Once the two connectors are associated (the connector and the lower connector transition stage), click the left
mouse button.

The dialog "Properties transition" appears on the screen (see Figure 3- 14: Dialog box "Properties of Transition"). For

this "transition" must:

4. Check that the number 1 is entered in the "transition number" field.

5. Register. 1-1S1.A_IN AND .1-1S3.B_IN AND .1-1PBNO1.BP_1 in the "Instruction" field of the window "Guided Mode"
(you have to respect the syntax).

For faster and avoid mistakes registration, you can use the "Guided Mode", the list of "Variables" and
calculator buttons located at the bottom of the window:

· Double-click " A_IN 'In the list of labels. The variable " . 1- 1S1.A_IN "Appears in the"
Conditions ".

· Press the button .

· And continue in this way.

6. Click the "OK" button.

3-16
 Performing a first grafcet

Grafcet status:

Figure 3-13: Inserting transition 1

TO BC

D
G

IH
AND

Figure 3-14: Dialog box "Properties

transition "

The zones and buttons on this dialog box are:

areas Description

TO Name of The graph name containing stage is displayed in this area. You can not modify this field.
graphic

B Number A number is automatically attributed to each transition. You can modify this number
but must be between 1 and
999. Two transitions may not have the same number in the same scheme.

3-17
the SFC User's Manual Guide

areas Description

C Number When this box is checked, the number of transition is protected against any automatic
locked update or renumbering of a graphic or selected items. When a number is blocked, an
asterisk (*) appears to the right of the transition number.

D Responsiveness This area serves the issue of postage condition

transition.

AND Commentary It allows the registration of the comments on the transition.

F Guided Mode This button opens the dialog Stage in guided mode
allowing you to edit the receptivity of the transition. The receptivity must comply with the
SFC syntax described in Chapter 4 SFC Syntax.

G New This button gives access to the window creating internal variables. To learn more
variable about creating variables, refer to
Variable Manager in the User's Guide.

H links This button gives access to the window to create external links (OPC, etc.). To
external learn more about creating external links, see the Variable Manager in the User's
Guide.

I Steps up This button gives access to the dialog "Steps Up" which contains the list of steps
preceding the transition.

J stages This button gives access to the dialog "Steps down" containing the list of the steps that
down follow the transition.

A smooth transition receptivity is considered false. Only the context menu of the transition simulation
allows a smooth transition pass receptivity.

3-18
 Performing a first grafcet

Figure 3-15: Dialog box "Guided Mode

transition "

In the calculator window area of ​dialogue, no operators available for transitions appear locked in gray.

Figure 3-16: Dialog box "Steps Up"

3-19
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 3-17: Dialog box "Steps down"

3.6.3. Defining actions

1. On the toolbar GRAFCET workshop, choose the component "normal stage".

2. In the scheme (where is the Grafcet), move the mouse cursor to the connector 1 transition.

Once the top connector of step 2 and the lower connector 1 are aligned transition press once on the left mouse
button.

The dialog box containing the properties of the stage appears on the screen. For this "action"

3. Press the "Guided Mode" button.

4. Press the "New variable" button.

5. OUT_A register as a variable name, choose "Boolean" as a variable and press the "OK" button. The variable
appears in the "Instruction" field of the window "Guided Mode".

6. Tap the "IF" calculator button. The "IF" statement appears in the "Instruction" field.

7. Then choose the variable 1-1PBNO2.COM_A in the list of variables with a double pulse
mouse. The variable appears in the "Instruction" field.

8. Click the "OK" button in the window "guided mode" and in the dialog box of the properties of the stage.

Grafcet status:

3-20
 Performing a first grafcet

Figure 3-18: Definition of an action

After inserting a symbol (step or transition) of the SFC, it can modify its properties. That simply double
click on the symbol. The Symbol dialog box appears on the screen.

3.6.4. Insertion of the links between components

To facilitate the task of inserting the links, the connectors of the components are shown. It circles around the
connection points of the components and links. These circles change color when the connection is made
correctly. When the cursor is positioned at one of those points, the connection tool appears. (For more
detail, see Inserting links in the User's guide).

one. Insert transition 2, step 3 and transition 3. Create the OUT_B variable.

Figure 3-19: Transition 2, step 3 and transition 3

3-21
the SFC User's Manual Guide

3.6.5. And link

To create a divergence or convergence Y Y, first create the steps in the following diagram indicating the figure below.

Figure 3-20: Steps before divergence in Y

1. Create step 4.

2. In the "Action" field of Step 4, create and register the variable. IN_A.

3. Create step 5.

4. In the "Action" field of Step 5, create and register the variable. IN_B.

5. In the diagram, move the cursor over the connector to where you want to create the link (transition 3) and click
the left mouse button. Keeping the left button, move the cursor to the next connection point (step 4) and
release the button.

A link is inserted in the diagram.

6. Restart to the following link (between the transition 3 and step 5).

7. A divergence Y is created to three transition stages 4 and 5.

Y divergence is created if a transition is linked to more than one stage. An AND convergence is created if
more than one stage is linked with a transition.

3-22
 Performing a first grafcet

To enlarge an AND link, simply add a link on another step / transition. You can also move a step or
transition and adjust the link using the option "Reset vergente" link context menu.

To move an AND link, just click on the link with the left mouse button and move the hold down
the key.

To reset an AND link, simply select the link and choose "GRAFCET"
to "Links and Branches" to "Reset vergente." The link is redrawn as the shortest path between components.

To facilitate the creation of successive links, deselect the link above before creating a new one.

Grafcet status following links:

Figure 3-21: Steps after the creation of the

divergence Y

8. Add transition 4 and, for receptivity associated with the transition 4, register
T / X4.X / T # 1s /.

9. Connect the transition 4 to the steps 4 and 5.

3-23
the SFC User's Manual Guide

10. Add step 6. Status

Grafcet:

Figure 3-22: Status chart after creation

a convergence in Y

3.6.6. O link
To create a convergence or divergence of O, first create steps / transitions in the scheme.

3-24
 Performing a first grafcet

Figure 3-23: Status chart before creating

convergence in O

1. Add transition 5 and recorded. 1-1PBNO4.M_A in the "Responsiveness" field.

2. Add the transition 6 and recorded. 1-1PBNO5.M_B in the "Responsiveness" field.

3. In the diagram, move the cursor over the connector to where you want to insert the link and click the left mouse
button. Hold the left mouse button, move the cursor to the next connection point and release the button. A link is
located in the scheme.

4. Restart for the link below.

5. Add Step 7. In the 'Action' field, create the variable OUT_C.

6. Add the transition 8 and add T / X7.X / T # 300ms / in the "Responsiveness" field.

7. Add step 8. In the 'Action' field, create the variable IN_C.

8. Add transition 7 and add T / X8.X / T # 300ms / in the "Responsiveness" field.

9. Add an OR link for transitions 7 and 8 to step 1.

3-25
the SFC User's Manual Guide

10. In another scheme, the workshop electrical control JIC choose to form the five-button control unit and Designate
them respectively PB_1, COM_A, COM_B, M_A Y
M_b. These buttons let you control the Grafcet.

An OR divergence is created if a stage is linked to more than one transition. An OR convergence is created
if more than a transition linked to a stage.

To enlarge an OR link, simply add a link in another step / transition. You can also move a step or
transition and adjust the link via the "Reset vergente" context menu option link.

To move a link in O, just click on a link with the left mouse button and move the mouse while
keeping the button pressed.

To reset an OR link, simply select the link and choose "GRAFCET"

to "Links and convergence ' to "Reset vergente." The link is thus redrawn as the shortest path
between components.

To set an OR link containing shipments, simply select the link and choose "GRAFCET" to "Links and

Branches" to "Adjust vergente." The link is thus redrawn according to the shortest path. Grafcet status:

3-26
 Performing a first grafcet

Figure 3-24: Status chart after creation

a convergence in O

3.6.7. Integration of structured texts

Structured texts are autonomous actions that are not linked to a stage. It executes if the simulation is active. Its syntax
is the same as that of the steps and transitions. To insert a 'Structured Text'

Figure 3-25: Structured Text

1. On the toolbar GRAFCET workshop, choose the "Structured Text" component.

3-27
the SFC User's Manual Guide

2. In Scheme 2, move the mouse cursor to the right of step 1 and click the left mouse button.

The dialog box containing the properties of Structured Text appears on the screen.

3. For this structured text, register SFC1.RUN: = 1 as statement and commissioning

march unconditional graphic as a comment. Grafcet state scheme:

Figure 3-26: Status chart after creation

a structured text

3-28
 Performing a first grafcet

TO

C F
D
G

AND H

Figure 3-27: Dialog box "Properties

Structured Text '

Les areas and buttons of this dialog box are:

areas Description

TO Name of In this area the name of the graph containing the structured text appears. You
graphic can not modify this field.

B Number A number is automatically assigned to each structured text. You can change this
number but this must be between 1 and 999. Two structured texts may not have the
same number in the same scheme.

C Number If the user chooses this option, the number of structured text is not modified during an
locked automatic renumbering of a graphic or selected items. When the number is blocked,
the * symbol appears to the right of the number of structured text.

D Text Register the statement of structured text directly in this area. Structured texts must be
structured written according to the syntax GRAFCET GRAFCET Chapter 4 Syntax.

AND Commentary Registration allows comments relating to structured text.

3-29
the SFC User's Manual Guide

areas Description

F Guided Mode This button gives access to the window to edit the guided mode
statement of structured text.

G New Variable This button gives access to the window creating internal variables.
To learn more about creating variables, refer to
Variable Manager in the User's guide

H External This button gives access to the window creating external links
(OPC, etc.). To learn more about creating external links, see the Variable Manager in the User's
guide

3.6.8. Insertion of free Comments

Free comments are comments that are not linked to the steps / transitions.

Figure 3-28: Free Comment

1. On the toolbar GRAFCET workshop, choose the component 'free comment'.

2. In Scheme 2, move the mouse cursor under the structured text.

3. Click the left mouse button.

The dialog box containing the properties of free comment appears on the screen.

4. To this comment, register Performing a first grafcet as a comment. Grafcet state scheme:

3-30
 Performing a first grafcet

Figure 3-29: Status chart after creation

a free comment

TO

C
B

Figure 3-30: Dialog box "Properties

commentary "

3-31
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Les areas and buttons of this dialog box are:

areas Description

TO Name of In this area the name of the graphic containing the free comment appears. You can not
graphic modify this field.

B Number A number is automatically assigned to every free comment. You can change this number
but it should be between 1 and 999. Two free comments can not have the same number
in the same scheme.

C Number If the user chooses this option, the number of free Comment is not modified during an
locked automatic renumbering of a graphic or selected items. When the number is blocked, the
symbol
* It appears to the right of the number of free comment.

D Commentary It allows the registration of the comment.

3.7. Check errors

At any time, you can check if there are errors as free connections between steps / transitions or undeclared variables.

The "Errors" "GRAFCET" menu command allows you to identify components that are not connected, transitions
without receptivity, erroneous equations, etc. These errors appear in the message window.

Figure 3-31: Message window

For details, see Message Window in the User's guide.

3-32
4. Usage GRAFCET

4.1. Introduction
A Grafcet works contains one or more compound expressions of variables, constants, operators and numbers. The
precise syntax rules that must be respected in identifying symbols and writing expressions. This chapter presents in
detail for the declaration of symbols and processes using workshop GRAFCET syntax. Addresses the following topics:

· List of identifiers;

· variables;

· constants;

· Whole operators and real expressions;

· Operators Boolean expressions;

· Edge detection operators;

· relational operators;

· Operator priority;

· Applications;

· Syntax checking;

· Example Steps-actions;

· Example transition;

· Structured texts;

· Free comments;

· timing;

· Management states of a graph;

· Defects management chart;

· Forced.

4-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

4.2. List of identifiers

The list can be attributed to all Grafcet symbols, a physical interpretation. This interpretation refers to the steps,
transitions and variables. When one of these items is created, Automation Studio automatically generates a name
(except for variables). Names are identifiers and must respect the following basic rules:

· They are constructed from alphanumeric characters '' az, AZ, 0-9, _, +, - '';

· They begin with a letter or a figure;

· Variable identifiers and components may be composed of various elements, the elements are separated by
the symbol (.) Used as separator elements. For example, the state of a stage of a graph is designated either

. SFC_Name.X18.X. Except for local variables of the graph, labels must be preceded variables of character ". ";

· They should be composed of 1 to 32 characters per element;

· They contain no blank character (space);

· They contain no accented character;

· The characters may be in lowercase or uppercase. Once it is recognized by Automation Studio, the name of
the entity is capitalized.

F If you build graphics Grafcet to control circuits - tires, Ladder,

electrical or digital - Double check if the list of the components of these circuits respects these rules.

4.2.1. stages
When a new stage is inserted, software will automatically assign a value in the interval [1, 999] number. Each stage
will thus have a unique number (ranging from 1 to 999) in a given graph.

Figure 4-1: Inserting a step

4-2
 syntax GRAFCET

By convention, if n represents the number of step of a given graphic, then the variable Xn.X designates the ({inactive,
active} or {0,1}) logic state of the stage that graph. For example, X2.X designates the logical state of step 2 of the current
graph. The logic state of a stage can be used in a logical expression by using its name Xn.X. In another picture, the
state of this same variable will be given by SFC_Name.

Xn.X.

Similarly, Xn.T represents the accumulation of time in milliseconds

elapsed since the last activation step. This value can be compared to other values ​using relational operators.

F Shares of a stage are processed in the order of their declaration. Without

However, if several stages or structured text from different grafcet make allocation of the same variable,
such assignments will be executed after the actions of the last SFC.

4.2.2. Transition
When a new transition is inserted, software will automatically assign a number in the interval [1, 999]. Each
transition will thus have a unique number (ranging from 1 to 999) in a given graph.

Figure 4-2: Inserting a transition

By convention, if n represents the number of the transition, then the variable Y nY designates the logic state (validated
or not validated and frangible {1,0}) transition. For example Y2.Y
designates the logical state of the transition 2. Notes:

· The notation "= 1" associated with a transition indicates a receptiveness always true;

· If responsiveness is not required, then this means that is always false (equivalent to '= 0').

4.2.3. Structured Text

When a new structured text is inserted, Automation Studio attributed a value in the interval [1, 999] number. Each
structured text will thus have a unique number (ranging from 1 to 999) in a given SFC scheme.

04.03
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 4-3: Inserting a structured text

By convention, the structured text is designated STn, n It represents the sequential number of structured text.

· Structured texts are processed in numerical simulation in the following order processing actions of the
stages of the graph.

4.2.4. free comment

When a new comment is inserted, Automation Studio attributed a value in the interval [1, 999] number. Each free
comment will thus a unique number (ranging from 1 to 999) in a given Grafcet scheme.

Figure 4-4: Inserting a free comment

By convention, the comment is designated Cn, n It represents the sequential number of reviews.

4.2.5. reserved words

The SFC workshop has reserved words, ie can not be used in identifiers.

· A variable name beginning with X It is reserved for the stages;

· A variable name beginning with Y It is reserved for transitions;

· Keywords OR, XOR, AND Y NOT They are reserved for the operators of Boolean expressions in words or
Boolean variables variables;

· Keywords F/ Y T / They are reserved for operators and forced timing;

· Keywords MOD, ABS, SQRT, LN, LOG, EXP, SHL, SHR, ROL, ROR, Inc. DEC, SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN,
ACOS, ATAN, RAD_DEG, DEG_RAD, DEC_BCD, BCD_DEC, SEL, MIN, MAX, LIMIT Y MUX They are
reserved for mathematical operators;

· The key word IF It is reserved for the operator condition.

4-4
 syntax GRAFCET

F If you build Grafcet to control circuits - pneumatic, electric or

digital - Double check that the list of components of these circuits do not use reserved words GRAFCET
workshop.

F When actions and transitions are inserted into an outline, expressions

contained in them they will be displayed with a different color if the syntax is incorrect. The color will be the
same as in the wrong components. See 04.12 syntax check.

4.3. variables

4.3.1. Type variables

The type of a variable depends on the information it contains. The types of variables are presented in the Variable
Manager in the User's Guide. The table below presents the types available for logical internal variables.

Variable Description

BOOLEAN boolean Variable where its value may be only 0 or 1, TRUE (ON), FALSE (OFF).
variable

whole integer Variable where its value is an integer between: -2,147,483,648 et +2,147,483,647.
variable

Variable Real Variable where its value is a real number defined as the IEC 559 standard.
REAL

Variable time Constant used for timers and whose value is a period T # 3d_18h_4m_15s_23ms
where d = day h = hour s = seconds

ms = milliseconds

4.3.2. Creating variables

You can create internal variables using the button 'New variable' that appears on windows properties dialog steps /
transitions / structured texts. For

4-5
the SFC User's Manual Guide

more details on creating variables, refer to Variable Manager in the

User's guide.

4.3.3. Creating external links variables

You can create external links (OPC) on variables variables using the button "external links" that appear on
windows properties dialog steps / transitions / structured texts. For more details on creating external links, see the Variable
Manager in the User's guide.

4.4. constants
Constants are fixed values. They can be the same type as the variables.

4.5. Operators of basic arithmetic expressions

These operators allow operations on integer variables and / or real. The expressions giving a result of type integer or
real variable depending on its intended result of the operation. Type conversion is done automatically when required.
The table below gives the operator category, type of operands when necessary and a brief description of operators in
expressions.

Operator Description and Example

Unary operation (positive value). Ex. .Val1:

+
= +25

Adding values. Eg. .Val1: = .Val2

+
+ .Val3

Unary operation (negative value). Eg. .Val1:

-
= -25

Subtraction of values. Eg .Val1: =

-
.Val2 - .Val3 /.
Securities Division. Eg. .Val1: =

.Val2 / .Val3 MOD

Rest of the whole division, the operands must be integer values. Eg. .Val1: = .Val2 /
.Val3

Multiplying values. Eg. .Val1: =

*
.Val2 * .Val3

4-6
 syntax GRAFCET

4.6. Advanced mathematical expressions operators

Estosoperadores allow operations on variables and / or real. The expressions giving a result of integer or real type as
the variable to which the operation result is intended. Type conversion is done automatically when required. The table
below gives the operator category, type of operands when necessary and a brief description of operators in
expressions.

Operator Description and Example

ABS ABS (.Ls1): absolute, real or integer value.

SQRT Square root, real only: SQRT (.Ls1).

LN natural log, real only: LN (.Ls1).

LOG Log base 10, real only: LOG (.Ls1).

EXP Natural Exponent, real only: EXP (.Ls1).

WITHOUT Seno, real only: SIN (.Ls1).

COS Cosine, real only: COS (.Ls1).

SO Tangent, real only: TAN (.Ls1).

ASIN Arcsine, real only: ASIN (.Ls1).

ACOS Arc cosine, real only: ACOS (.Ls1).

ATAN Arctangent, real only: ATAN (.Ls1).

** Exponent, real or integers: .Ls1 ** .Ls2.

SHL A shift to the left, and whole words only:

. Ls1: = SHL (.Ls2,1),
A shift to the left of Ls2 1 position
The result is transladado to Ls1, Ls2 keeps its original value.

. Ls1: = SHL (.Ls2, .Ls3),

A shift to the left position LS2 LS3 The result is transladado to Ls1, Ls2 keeps its
original value.

. Ls2: = SHL (.Ls2, .Ls3),

A shift to the left position LS2 LS3 The result is transladado to Ls2, Ls2 takes the
result value.

4-7
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Operator Description and Example

SHR Shift to the right, and whole words only:

. Ls1: = SHR (.Ls2,1),
Shift to the right of position 1 Ls2
The result is transladado to Ls1, Ls2 keeps its original value.

. Ls1: = SHR (.Ls2, .Ls3),

Shift to the right position LS2 LS3
The result is transladado to Ls1, Ls2 keeps its original value.

. Ls2: = SHR (.Ls2, .Ls3),

Shift to the right position LS2 LS3
The result is transladado to Ls2, Ls2 takes the result value.

ROR Circular shift to the right, and whole words only:

. Ls1: = ROR (.Ls2,1),
Right circular shift of Ls2 1 position, Ls2 does not change.

. Ls1: = ROR (.Ls2, Ls3),

Right circular shift of Ls2 of Ls3 position, Ls2 does not change.

. Ls2: = ROR (.Ls2, .Ls3),

Circular shift to the right position LS2 LS3 The result is transladado to Ls2, Ls2
takes the result value.

ROLE Circular shift to the left, and whole words only:

. Ls1: = ROL (.Ls2,1),
Left circular shift of Ls2 1 position, Ls2 does not change.

. Ls1: = ROL (.Ls2, Ls3),

Circular gap left LS2 LS3 position, Ls2 does not change.

. Ls2: = ROL (.Ls2, .Ls3),

Circular gap left position LS2 LS3 The result is transladado to Ls2, Ls2 takes the
result value.

INC Increase in real or integer:

. Ls1: = INC (.Ls2, 1),
The value of Ls2 is incremented by 1 and the result is translated to Ls1.

. INC. (Ls2, .Ls3),

The value is increased LS2 LS3.

4-8
 syntax GRAFCET

Operator Description and Example

DEC Decrease of real or integer:

. Ls1: = DEC (.Ls2,1),
The value of Ls2 is decremented by 1 and the result is translated to Ls1.

. DEC (.Ls2, .Ls3),

The value of Ls2 is decremented LS3.

SEL Binary selection between Booleans, real or integers:

. Ls1: = SEL (G, .In1 ,. In2), Binary selection, if G = 1,
the output = In2,
The selection indicator G must be a boolean if G = 0 output = In1, if G = 1 = In2
output.

MIN Minimum between various values, real or integers:

. Ls1: = MIN (.In1 ,. In2, ..., .In16) Bid within a maximum of 16
variables.

MAX Maximum between various values, real or integers:

. Ls1: = MAX (In1 In2 ,. ..., .In16) Maximum value within a
maximum of 16 variables..

LIMIT Limiting values, real or integers:

. Ls1: = LIMIT (IN, MIN, MAX), Limiter,

output = Min threshold if the input is smaller than threshold Min, Max output = threshold
if the input is greater than threshold Max, output = IN if the input threshold is between
Min and Max threshold.
. Ls1: = LIMIT (.LS2, .LS3, .LS4),

MUX Multiplexed among several inputs, boolean, real or whole:

. Ls1: = MUX (K, In1, In2, ..., IN16),
Multiplexer,
The output is the value of the selected input by K, K should be an integer between
0 and 16. If K = 0, the output is 0 (false for Boolean). MUX instruction (K, In1, In2,
..., IN16): If K is> 16 or <0, the instruction is not executed and a message appears
in the message window.

BCD_TO_DEC Conversion BCD to decimal, only whole:

. Ls1: = BCD_TO_DEC (.Ls2).

DEC_TO_BCD Conversion from decimal to BCD, integers only:

. Ls1: = DEC_TO_BCD (.Ls2).

4-9
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Operator Description and Example

RAD_TO_DEG Conversion from radians to degrees, real only:

. Ls1: = RAD_TO_DEG (.Ls2).

DEG_TO_RAD Converting degrees to radians, real only:

. Ls1: = DEG_TO_RAD (.Ls2).

4.7. Operators Boolean expressions

These operators can be used to affect the value of an expression to a variable or to condition receptivities
assignments. Boolean expressions Boolean yield results. The following table mentions the operator category, type of
the operands and a brief description of the operators in the Boolean expressions.

Operator Description

OR Logical OR between words or Boolean values. Eg. .Ls1 .ls2 OR

XOR

Exclusive OR between words or boolean values. Eg. .Ls1 AND

XOR .ls2

And logic between words or boolean values. Eg. .Ls1 .ls2 AND

NOT

Negation of a boolean or a word. Eg. NOT .ls1

4.8. Operators flanks

The expression formed with an edge operator is a Boolean expression that reacts to a change of state.

A flank is assimilable to a particular operator indicating the passage of a boolean variable or a boolean expression of
the value 0 to the value 1 and the value 1 to the value 0. The edge of the variable to It may be a rising or falling edge is
defined as in the table below.

4-10
 syntax GRAFCET

Operator Description

^ B or rising edge.
R_TRIG (.B) Rising edge operator. Expression flank it TRUE when passing from FALSE to TRUE in the
observed variable. Example: IF ^ .A .B.

A takes the value TRUE if the variable B changes from FALSE to TRUE. ! or F_TRIG (.B)

falling edge.
Operator falling edge. Expression TRUE edge when moving from TRUE to FALSE in the
observed variable. Example: IF .A .B!.

A takes the value TRUE if the variable B changes from TRUE to FALSE.

Figure 4-5: Schedule an action containing a

rising edge

4.9. relational operators

These operators allow comparisons of variables or numeric values ​(expressions, constants).

The result is Boolean: if the comparison is checked, the result is TRUE; otherwise the result is FALSE.

Operator Description

> Expression A> B is true if the value of A is greater than the value of B.

>= Expression A> = B is true if the value of A is greater than or equal to the value of B. =

The expression A = B is true if the value of A is equal to the value of B. <=

Expression A <= B is true if the value of A is less or equal to B.

11.04
the SFC User's Manual Guide

< Expression A <B is true if the value of A is less than the value of B. <>

Expression A <> B is true if the value of A is different from the value of B.

4.10. Operator Precedence

Operators are united by relations priority must be known. This priority will determine the order of processing
expressions during simulation of a Grafcet. The priority decreases from top to bottom in the following table. When two
operators are on the same line, the priority is attributed assessment from left to right.

Operator Priority

() Parenthesis

+ , - , NOT, ^,! unary operators

* ,/ multiplicative operators.

+, - Operators addition

<, <=,>,> = Relative Operators

=? <> relative operators

XOR Operators addition

AND Operators addition

OR Operators addition

You can change the order by using parentheses. In that case, the terms are within the highest number in
parentheses take precedence.

4.11. assignments
Assignment operators define the types of actions and their effects. They apply to whole, real words and real
variables. They are employed in equities and structured texts. The different types of assignment are presented
below. The execution of an action is determined by the active state of the stage and the operating status of the chart
action unless the unconditional option has been selected for that stage. In the latter case, the execution of an action
is solely determined by the active state of the stage.

4-12
 syntax GRAFCET

4.11.1. Continuous Boolean assignment

The boolean assignment continuous (or unconditional action in one step) gives the value TRUE to the variable
duration of the allocation. No assignment operators. The variable TRUE during the activation step and then returns
to the FALSE state with deactivation stage.

The syntax of a continuous boolean assignment summarizes the number of the variable. No assignment operator is
used in this case.

Figure 4-6: boolean assignment in a continuous

action

In this example:

· COIL is a global boolean variable of the project;

· When step 4 is activated variable COIL takes the value TRUE and retained while step 4 is active;

· Once step 4 is deactivated the variable COIL takes the value FALSE.

4.11.2. number assignment

The numerical assignment allows attributing a value (variable, constant or calculation result) to a numeric
variable. The numerical assignment operator is the sign ": =".

Figure 4-7: Numerical Assignment

In this example:

· The variables A, B, C, D and E are real number variables;

· When step 4 is active, variable A takes the value of the expression (.B + .C) / .D;

· Variable A retains the last value of (B + C) / D when the step 4 is turned off;

4-13
the SFC User's Manual Guide

· When step 5 is active, the variable E is increased from 1 to each cycle.

4.11.3. Conditional Boolean assignment

Boolean conditional attribute assignment allows the state of a variable or an expression to a Boolean variable, if a
condition is respected, otherwise FALSE state is assigned the Boolean variable. The conditional assignment
operator is the sign: "IF".

Figure 4-8: Boolean conditional Assignment

In this example:

· When step 4 is active, the state of the state variable COIL expression
R_TRIG (X1.X);

· When step 4 is inactive, it takes COIL FALSE.

4.11.4. Conditional numerical assignment

This type of allocation is evaluated when the specified condition is satisfied. The conditional numerical
assignment operators are "IF" and ": =".

Figure 4-9: Conditional numerical assignment

In this example:

· When step 6 is active, the variable B takes the value 3 if the expression NOT TRUE BOBINE is evaluated;

· When step 6 is inactive, B retains its value.

4.11.5. boolean allocation memorized

Boolean allocation memorized assign a TRUE or FALSE condition, state retaining (storing) a variable. To assign the
TRUE or FALSE state variable, assignment operators are respectively: ": = 1" or ": = 0".

4-14
 syntax GRAFCET

Figure 4-10: memorized Assignments

In this example:

· Variable A becomes TRUE state activation step 5 and retains this value after deactivation of step 5;

· A variable acquires FALSE state activation stage 10 and retains this value after deactivation step 10.

4.12. Syntax check

To help eliminate syntax errors during editing actions, transitions and structured text, the program assigns a
distinctive color to the wrong syntax element as soon recognizes. So, if you register an operator and that the
program credited with the corresponding color, you will know that the operator syntax is incorrect.

To associate colors to syntax elements:

1. Select the "Options" command in the "Utilities" menu.

2. Tap the branch "Grafcet module." The following dialog

appears on the screen.

4-15
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 4-11: Dialog "Options" branch

"Grafcet Module"

3. Select the option "Apply colors to syntax elements."

4. Modify the colors associated with the elements.

5. Click on 'Apply' to effect change.

If the option "Apply colors to elements of the syntax" is not checked, then no syntax checking will be done during
editing. However, if the syntax is incorrect, it is displayed with the same color as that which is associated with the
missing components within its SFC.

To change the color associated with missing components:

1. Select the "Options" command in the "Utilities" menu.

2. Click on "core".

The following dialog appears on the screen:

4-16
 syntax GRAFCET

Figure 4-12: Dialog "Options" branch

" Nucleus "

3. Select the color you want to associate with components missing.

4. Click the "Apply" button to make the changes.

4.13. Example of a step-action

Action processing step is executed when the step is active and the graph is running. Shares are comprised of
expressions, assignment operators, operators control. They serve to issue orders to the operative part when the step
is active and the graph is running.

When several actions are associated with a stage, they are separated with a semicolon. When several actions are
conditioned by the same condition, they are separated by a comma.

4-17
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 4-13: Examples of a step-action

4.14. Example of a transition

Receptivity is associated with each transition (lack of responsiveness means that receptivity is false siempres). A
condition determines whether or not the system evolution through this transition. This is a Boolean expression written
using input variables, variables Xn.X stages, logical operators, timing and flank.

The receptivity may contain a comment situated below expression.

Figure 4-14: Responsiveness of a transition

4.15. Structured Text

Structured texts act exactly as shares except that they are not linked with any stage. They are executed each
simulation cycle after the actions of the stages of the graph which have been declared.

You can insert up to 999 texts structured into a Grafcet and can locate anywhere. When a scheme involves several
structured texts, they are executed in numerical order (ST3, ST9, ST14).

4-18
 syntax GRAFCET

Figure 4-15: Structured Text: execution order

4.16. free comments

Free comments are linked to graphic where they are declared. You can insert up to 999 free in a Grafcet

comments and can locate anywhere.

Figure 4-16: Free Comment

4.17. timings
There are four (4) types of timers:

· Delay timing activation (T / TON /).

· Delay timing deactivation (TOF /).

· Limited drive timing (TP /).

· Accumulated activation time stage (Xn.T).

Timings are prosecutions Boolean result. Allow to consider the time (lapse, wait, delay, etc.). They are written
generally with one of the following ways: "T / In / duration /" "TON / In / duration /", "TOF / In / duration / ',' TP / In /
duration /» where:

· T / or TON / or TOF / or TP / operator timing;

· In designates the input variable, the name of the stage or variable that initializes the timing;

· Duration It is a variable of type time that determines the length of the time; former. : T # 3d21h45m30s454ms.

4-19
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Timebase Symbol

day d/

hour h/

minute m/

second s/

Thousandth of a second MS /

4.17.1. Delay timing activation

Timing "T / .Var_a / T # T1s /" takes the logical value "1" if "t1" seconds have elapsed since the last rising edge of
variable "a_var." The timing takes the logical value "0" with each falling edge of the variable "a_var." The example
described in the following figure shows the evolution of the following timings: "T / .Var_a / T # 3s /" and "NOT (T /
.Var_a / T # 3s /)".

Figure 4-17: Timing delay activation

If, in the course of the simulation, the variable Rod It is activated, the timer is started, the Boolean formula "T / a_var / T
# 3s /" takes FALSE and Boolean formula "NOT (T / a_var / T # 3s /)" takes the value TRUE. Three seconds after
activation of the variable Rod, Boolean formula "T / a_var / T # 3s / 'becomes FALSE to TRUE state and" NOT (T /
a_var / T # 3s /)' TRUE to FALSE. They retain the values ​until the next deactivation of the variable Rod.

If in the course of timing, variable Rod is off, the timer is stopped and Boolean formulas "T / a_var / T # 3s /" and "NOT
(T / a_var / T # 3s /) 'respectively take the values ​TRUE and FALSE.

Timings can be used to define actions delayed or limited in time.

4-20
 syntax GRAFCET

Figure 4-18: Schedule of a timing with

-delay

4.17.1.1. Delayed action

They are actions taken at the end of the specified period.

Figure 4-19: Delayed Mappings

· In step 2: STOP variable is TRUE if the variable is b_var activated for 3 seconds. Once stage 2 is
deactivated STOP variable value takes FAUX;

· In Step 3: The STOP variable is TRUE if the variable is b_var off for 3 seconds. Once stage 3 is deactivated, the
variable STOP takes value FALSE.

4-21
the SFC User's Manual Guide

4.17.1.2. Actions limited in time

The time-limited actions are actions taken only during the specified time.

Figure 4-20: limited time assignment

ENGINE IS TRUE until the a_var variable is disabled for three seconds. MOTOR then passes FALSE. When a_var
is disabled, motor returns TRUE.

4.17.2. Delay timing deactivation

When the timing is fed (a_var), the timer is activated and the accumulation time is reset to zero (0).

When the timer stops being fed, the accumulation of time grows until its value equals the duration.

When the accumulated time reaches the duration value, the timing is off and the accumulation of time ceases to
grow. If the timing is fed back before the duration is matched, the timing remains active.

From the moment the timing is fed (a_var), the timing is off and the accumulation of time returns to zero.

Figure 4-21: Schedule of a timing with

Off-delay

4-22
 syntax GRAFCET

4.17.3. Timing with limited drive

When the timing is fed (a_var), the time delay is triggered. The cluster of time grows until the value equals the duration,

even if the a_var input is deactivated before the accumulation of equal time duration.

When the cluster of time equal duration, timing is disabled and the accumulation of time ceases to grow.

When the timing ceases to be fed (a_var), the timing is off only if the accumulated time duration equals. The
accumulation time is returned to zero (0) if the timing is off and if no more fed.

Figure 4-22: Schedule of a timing with

limited drive

4.17.4. Activation time stages

According to the international standard IEC 1131 to 1103, the duration of the activation of a "SFC_Name.Xn.T / 'stage
is accumulated from the rising edge of the stage' Xn '. She does not change value to deactivation the 'Xn' stage but
returns the value "0" with each new step activation 'Xn'. The value of the accumulated time is an integer variable which
gives the number of milliseconds elapsed.

The example of the figure shows the evolution of the cluster of activation time of a stage. If during simulation step X1
is activated, the accumulated time is reset to 0.

When step X1 is deactivated, the cumulus time ceases and remains fixed until the next activation of X1.

4-23
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 4-23: Schedule time step

accumulated: X1.T

The accumulated time step can be used to define delayed actions, actions limited in time, or conditions
receptivities actions using the relational operators. Eg.:

Figure 4-24: Using the time step

accumulated: X1.T

4.18. Management states and defects chart

Graphics can be understood as "black boxes" that receive information input and provide output results.

Variables and commands serve as inputs to the graphics. The latter generate output internal states and new
states of variables.

Commands and graphic states are internal variables graphics. The table below describes.

internal variables
Description
the graphics

Tickets :

INIT Graphic initialization command.

RUN Authorization evolution of graphic and implementing the actions of its

stages.

4-24
 syntax GRAFCET

internal variables
Description
the graphics

ESC External security condition becomes useless or dangerous continuation of the

graph execution.

STEP_MAX_ACK Default resolution step time too long.

STEP_MIN_ACK Default resolution step time too short.

SEQ_MAX_ACK Defect resolution time too long sequence.

SEQ_MIN_ACK Defect resolution time too short sequence.

outputs:

FORCED Graphic forced state.

RUNNERS Graphic state running.

GEN_FAULT general defect graph indicates the presence of a defect or external security
condition.

Signaling STEP_MAX_FAULT default step time too long. Signaling STEP_MIN_FAULT default step time too

short. Signaling defect SEQ_MAX_FAULT time sequence too long. SEQ_MIN_FAULT

Default signaling time too short sequence.

Figure 4-25: Input variables and output

graphics

4-25
the SFC User's Manual Guide

4.18.1. Management states chart

States and graphics commands are accessible through actions, transition conditions and structured texts.
Such statements are detailed below:

· INIT: Initializes the chart in its initial stages and disables all other when put to logic TRUE. For example: IF
GRA_003.INIT EM_STOP.

· RUN: Authorizes the evolution of graphic and execution of the actions associated with steps when put to logic
TRUE. For example: GRA_003.RUN IF INITIAL_CONDITIONS. You can define a stage so that their actions are
not conditioned by the authorization (RUN) of the graph.

· RUNNING: Indicates that the graph is being executed (accessible only in reading). A graph is running if one
of its initial stages is not active. For macro-step charts, the chart is running if the source macro-step is active.
GRA_003.RUNNING. This variable is implicitly addressed by the program according to the following
equations:

internal processing for storing the running state graph:

SFC_Name.RUNNING: = 1 IF NOT SFC_Name.X01.X

Return to Zero memorization graph if the minimum running time sequence is monitored:

SFC_Name.RUNNING: = 0 IF ((SFC_Name.SEQ_TMIN_Q OR
SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_FAULT) AND
SFC_Name X01.X)
OR
SFC_Name.INIT

Return to Zero memorization graph if the minimum running time sequence is not monitored:

SFC_Name.RUNNING: = 0 IF SFC_Name X01.X OR SFC_Name.INIT

Memorizing the macro-step execution graph:

SFC_Name.RUNNING: = 1 IF SFC_Name_Source.X ??. X

Return to Zero memorization graphic macro-running stage:

SFC_Name.RUNNING: = 0 IF NOT SFC_Name_Source.X ??. X

F Macro-stage graphics may not have time monitoring given sequence

who have early stage.

4-26
 syntax GRAFCET

· FORCED: Indicates that the graphic is forced by another (accessible only in reading).
GRA_003.FORCED.

· GEN_FAULT: General Default chart indicates a defect present or unresolved graphic (accessible only in
reading). This state goes to logic TRUE if there is a defect present or not resolved graph. You will pass the
false logic state when all defects have disappeared and graphics will have been solved (see the next section).

4.18.2. Management defects graphic

The notion of defects graphic is entered here. These defects are detected at the express request of the user. Defects
are these:

· SEQ_MIN_FAULT: Default monitoring time too short sequence (return too fast of a graph to the initial
stage). GRA_001.SEQ_MIN_FAULT

· SEQ_MAX_FAULT: Default time monitoring sequence too long (too slow return a graphic to the initial stage).
GRA_001.SEQ_MAX_FAULT

F NOTE: To use the monitoring time sequence chart

You should have a single initial stage.

· STEP_MIN_FAULT: Default Monitoring time too short stage (output stage too fast).
GRA_001.STEP_MIN_FAULT

· STEP_MAX_FAULT: Default time monitoring stage too long (step activated for too long).
GRA_001.STEP_MAX_FAULT

· ESC: External security condition. The latter condition may consist of meeting various conditions and does not
generate any new defect. GRA_001.ESC If one of these defects occurs and is not resolved or if the external safety
condition is present, the simulation engine does automatically pass the general defect graphic state
(GRA_001.GEN_FAULT) to logic TRUE following the equation detailed below: GEN_FAULT: =

SEQ_MIN_FAULT SEQ_MAX_FAULT OR OR OR ESC

STEP_MIN_FAULT OR STEP_MAX_FAULT

It should be noted that the overall defect will not generate default graphic.

In this way the user can use these states and to manage defects (RUN), initialization (INIT) and / or forced
graphics. For example :

4-27
the SFC User's Manual Guide

IF GRA_001.ESC EMRGENCY_STOP

GRA_001.RUN: = GRA_001.GEN_FAULT NOT AND CONDITIONS

GRA_001.INIT: = GRA_001.GEN_FAULT NOT AND PB_REARM

If these defects are used, there should be a mechanism to alert the user of a defect and receive the same

resolution. You can use an indicator light to signal the defect and a push button to make resolutions. For example,

two texts structured in a graph can perform these actions: Signaling faults:

IF LT_AL_GRA_001 GRA_001.GEN_FAULT resolution of defects:

GRA_001.STEP_MAX_ACK, GRA_001.STEP_MIN_ACK,
GRA_001.SEQ_MAX_ACK, GRA_001.SEQ_MIN_ACK IF

PB_ACK

4.19. Macro-stages
In this section we address the use of macro-stages. A macro-step is a section of the graph whose graph is condensed
in the form of a single step. For each macro-step, there is a macro-step graph executes the macro-phase source. The
name of this chart will be enrolled in action box to the right of the macro-step. The input stage of the graphic macro
step is activated while the macro-step drawing that the active source (in fact it is a divergence and implicit). The output
stage of the graphic macro step is deactivated while the macro-stage source graph active to cross the transition
following the macro-stage source graph (actually it is a convergence and implicit ).

4-28
 syntax GRAFCET

Figure 4-26: Using the macro-stages

4.20. nested forced

Forced allow modification of the status of graphics automation products. They are used to impose a particular
situation to a graph. Forced persist throughout the time their trigger condition is true.

F In simulation, it is possible to force the activation of a stage or a postage

transition without respecting the syntax of the GRAFCET. Do not confuse this functionality with the
hierarchical forced.

4.20.1. Using nested forced

The general form of forced is:

F / .SFC_Name.FORCED :(. SFC_Name.X ??. FORCED). For example: F /

.GRA_001.FORCED: (.GRA_001.X01.FORCED,
. GRA_001.X10.FORCED).

4-29
the SFC User's Manual Guide

· F / operator is forced;

· SFC_Name.FORCED is the name of the graph will be forced;

· () Is the list of steps to be enforced, this corresponds to the desired location within the graph. You can specify
one or more stages of the graph. If several stages are specified, they must be separated by commas. If any
step () is not specified, all stages of the drawing are deactivated.

During the forced displacement of a graph, they are activated the steps mentioned in the instruction and all others are
disabled.

Here are some examples of using forced:

Figure 4-27: Forced

In this example, the graph is forced into the situation in which only steps 4 and 10 are active.

Figure 4-28: Forced conditioned

In this example, the graph is forced into the situation in which only steps 4 and 10 are active while
GRA_001 STOP variable is TRUE.

Figure 4-29: Forced into empty situation

In this example, the graphic GRA_001 is forced into empty situation, all stages are deactivated. Only graphic
initialization to reactivate the initial stage (GRA_001.INIT).

4-30
 syntax GRAFCET

4.20.2. Utilization rules forced nested

· A graphic can not force yourself.

· A graphic can not force a graph of the same hierarchical level.

· A graphic can not force a superior level graph.

· Two charts of the same hierarchical level can not force the same graph.

· If the same graphic is forced by two superior graphics and different level, all the steps specified in both directions
will be enforced. The last instruction activated, the disabled, set the status of the graph.

· You can force a chart even if it is not running. The following figures show the

legal and illegal forced:

Figure 4-30: Forced legal

4-31
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 4-31: Forced illegal

4-32
5. Simulation
This chapter brings together the particular issues associated with Grafcet simulation. It is proposed to start the
simulation mode this workshop. For different simulation related to a project or a scheme commands, see Simulation
functions menu in the User's guide.

5.1. States a graphic simulation

In simulation, the chart states that are in the state lógicoVERDADERO appear in the title band scheme. When they
are at logic FALSE, they are deleted.

States graph
simulation

Figure 5-1: States of a graphic simulation

5-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

5.2. States of a stage and a transition simulation

This is the representation of the states of the stages in simulation. An active stage is

indicated by a solid red square.

Figure 5-2: Initial stage active

A forced stage is signaled by a flashing red square.

Figure 5-3: normal active Stage

Active macro step is signaled by a red rectangle in the top of the stage.

Figure 5-4: Macro-stage active

Active macro step having activates the output stage graphic macro-step, it is signaled by a red rectangle in the
bottom of the stage.

F The input stage of the graphic macro step is activated while the
macro step graphic source that enables (in fact it is a divergence implicitly Y).

Figure 5-5: Step active input

5-2
 Simulation

F The output stage of the graphic macro step is deactivated while the
macro step graphic source that enabled when the transition following the macro-stage graphic source (in
fact it is a convergence and implicit) is franked.

Figure 5-6: active output stage

F When a breakpoint stage is activated, the simulation and

timers are suspended. When the number is blocked, the item will not be renumbered to perform the
function of renumbering.

Figure 5-7: Stage with breakpoint and number

locked.

This is the representation of state transitions in simulation:

Figure 5-8: State of a transition franqueable

simulation

validated transition whose receptiveness is TRUE.

F Franking should be noted that a transition is an ephemeral event, only simulating

step by step will display on the screen.

5-3
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Variable Manager allows viewing the states and current values ​of the variables of the current project. View Variable
Manager in the User's guide.

5.3. Management of defects of a graphic simulation

5.3.1. Monitoring time sequence

The time sequence chart corresponds to between turning the initial stage of the graph and its
reactivation time.

These supervisions be generated automatically if defined and monitoring times sequence in the graph
properties.

F Only the time sequence graphs with one initial stage (stage
Input case of macro steps) can be monitored. The initial step must necessarily be step # 1.

5.3.1.1. Time too short sequence

Time passes if the graph is running (running) and authorization (RUN). The graph is considered running (running) if its
initial stage is not active. The elapsed time is reset to zero if the graphic returns to the initial stage (X01.X) or if the
graphic is initialized (INIT). If the chart returns to the initial stage too quickly, the defect is signaled internally and
maintained until resolution. For this monitoring, we use the following internal variables:

· SEQ_TMIN: minimum timing sequence whose duration is adjustable in the dialog box of the chart properties.

· SEQ_MIN_FAULT: Default minimum time sequence

· SEQ_MIN_ACK: Command minimum defect resolution time sequence.

· SEQ_MIN_ACK_MEM: Memorizing the minimum defect resolution time sequence.

5-4
 Simulation

The following equations are generated automatically and implicitly processed by the program. They represent

monitoring time too short sequence: Memorizing defect resolution time minimum sequence.

SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_ACK_MEM IF SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_ACK
OR ( SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_ACK_MEM

AND SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_FAULT)

Defect detection time minimum sequence

SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_FAULT IF: (SFC_Name.RUNNING AND NOT

SFC_Name.SEQ_TMIN_Q AND X01.X
AND NOT INIT)
OR
(SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_FAULT AND
NOT
SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_ACK_MEM)

F This defect can be assigned to a workshop light electricity

optimum viewing. This assignment may be made both in a graph and in a structured text.

F You can assign a push button electric workshop to command

defect resolution. This allocation may be made in a chart or in a structured text.

5.3.1.2. Time sequence too long

Time passes if the graph is running (running) and authorization (RUN). The elapsed time is reset to zero if the
graphic returns to the initial stage (X01.X) or if the graphic is initialized (INIT). If the chart takes too long to return to
the initial stage, the defect will be internally marked and maintained until resolution.

For this monitoring, we use the following internal variables:

· SEQ_TMAX: Timing maximum time sequence

5-5
the SFC User's Manual Guide

· SEQ_MAX_FAULT: Default maximum time sequence

· SEQ_MAX_ACK: Command maximum defect resolution time sequence.

· SEQ_MAX_ACK_MEM: Memorizing the maximum defect resolution time sequence.

The following equations are generated automatically and implicitly processed by the program. They represent time

monitoring too long sequence: Memorizing maximum defect resolution time sequence

SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_ACK_MEM IF SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_ACK
OR ( SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_ACK_MEM

AND SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_FAULT)

Defect detection maximum time sequence

SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_FAULT IF SFC_Name.SEQ_TMAX_Q
OR
(SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_FAULT AND NOT

SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_ACK_MEM)

F This defect can be assigned to a workshop light electricity

optimum viewing. This assignment may be made both in a graph and in a structured text.

F You can assign a push button electric workshop to command

defect resolution. This assignment may be made both in a graph and in a structured text.

5.3.2. Monitoring the times of activation stage

The activation time of a step corresponds to the time between activation and deactivation time.

5-6
 Simulation

These supervisions are generated automatically if they have been defined above in the properties of the stage.

5.3.2.1. Stage activation time too short

For each monitored step, if the step is active and if the graph has authorization (RUN) time elapses. The elapsed time
is reset to zero if the step is disabled or if the defect is resolved. If one of the supervised stage is not active for a
sufficient time, the defect is signaled internally and maintained until resolution. For this monitoring, we use the
following internal variables:

· Xxx.TMIN: Timing minimum step time (one for each monitored step)

· STEP_MIN_FAULT: Default minimum time step (one defect for all supervised stages).

· STEP_MIN_COND_FAULT: fault condition detected at a transition of postage monitored stage before

the end of the timing Xxx.TMIN_

· STEP_MIN_ACK: Command Default minimum time resolution stage.

· STEP_MIN_ACK_MEM: Memorizing the minimum defect resolution time stage.

The following equations are generated automatically and implicitly processed by the program. They represent time

monitoring stage too short: Memorizing the minimum defect resolution time stage

SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_ACK_MEM IF SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_ACK
OR ( SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_ACK_MEM

AND SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_FAULT)

Defect detection minimum step time

SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_FAULT IF SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_Y? _COND_FA ULT

OR
(SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_FAULT AND NOT

SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_ACK_MEM)

where And? .COND_FAULT exists for each transition

from one stage with minimum time is monitored.

5-7
the SFC User's Manual Guide

F This defect can be assigned to a workshop light electricity

optimum viewing. This assignment can be effected both in a graph and in a structured text.

F You can assign a push button electric workshop to command

defect resolution. This assignment can be effected both in a graph and in a structured text.

5.3.2.2. Activation stage too long

For each monitored step, if the step is active and if the graph has authorization (RUN), time passes. The elapsed time
is reset to zero if the step is disabled or if the defect is resolved. If one of the supervised stage remains active for too
long, the fault is signaled internally and maintained until resolution. For this monitoring, we use the following internal
variables:

· Xxx.TMAX: Timing maximum step time (one for each monitored step)

· STEP_MAX_FAULT: Default maximum step time (one defect for all supervised stages).

· STEP_MAX_ACK: Command defect resolution maximum stage.

· STEP_MAX_ACK_MEM: Memorizing the maximum defect resolution time stage.

The following equations are generated automatically and implicitly processed by the program. Represent time

monitoring stage too long: Memorizing the maximum defect resolution stage

SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_ACK_MEM IF SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_ACK
OR ( SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_ACK_MEM

AND SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_FAULT)

Defect detection maximum step time

SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_FAULT IF SFC_Name.Xxx.TMAX_Q

5-8
 Simulation

OR
SFC_Name.Xyy.TMAX_Q
OR
SFC_Name.Xzz.TMAX_Q
OR
(SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_FAULT AND NOT

SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_ACK_MEM)

F This defect can be assigned to a workshop light electricity

optimum viewing. You can make this assignment both a chart and structured text.

F You can assign a push button electric workshop to command

defect resolution. You can make this assignment both a chart and structured text.

5.3.3. General defect generation graphic

The general default graph consists of the meeting of all defects chart, plus external security condition ESC. Such a
meeting is implicitly made by the program as follows:

SFC_Name.GEN_FAULT: SFC_Name.STEP_MAX_FAULT
OR
SFC_Name.STEP_MIN_FAULT
OR
SFC_Name.SEQ_MIN_FAULT
OR
SFC_Name.SEQ_MAX_FAULT
OR
SFC_Name.ESC

F The external security condition ESC can be assigned both a graphic as

in a structured text.

5-9
the SFC User's Manual Guide

5.4. Arrangement of windows

To address the simulation mode of its first project (SFC_PNEU_FR.PR5 in EXERCICES program folder) Arrange
your windows so that you can see the outline of the operative part and Grafcet at the same time.

Figure 5-9: Arrangement of different windows

5.5. Simulation of a project

To simulate a project:

1. Choose "Simulation" to " Draft ".

2. Activate a simulation mode "Simulation" menu. Simulation mode is

launched.

1. To observe the behavior of each calculation cycle simulation, choose the "Step by Step" command

"Simulation" menu. or

5-10
 Simulation

Click on the "Step by Step" button on the toolbar.

The simulation advances one step (one cycle) with each pulse of the left mouse button. For each cycle, and it performs

a calculation to determine the new state of the components. Here, the active steps and actions in process are framed

in red.

5.5.1. User intervention

In simulation you can alter the state of a component forcing activation using the mouse.

To illustrate, if you want to activate the switch S1 button or the multiposition switch when you are in Simulation:

1. Move the cursor over the component.

The cursor takes the shape of a hand. The hand symbolizes the possibility of intervening during
simulation.

Figure 5-10: Examples deforzado a pushbutton

NA

2. Press the push button component. Simulation mode allows the component to react to the gesture of the
cursor.

3. Release the mouse button, the component returns to its original appearance. Procedure for accessing the

forced activation of a stage or a transition postage simulation:

1. Once the simulation is started, place the mouse cursor on a step or transition.

2. Click the right mouse button.

3. The contextual menu appears on the screen.

4. Choose the function "Forcing stage" or "Forcing transition" as appropriate. The stage is then activated or franked
transition regardless of the normal evolution of SFC. For postage transition activate the next stage, the previous
stage must be active, if not the postage transition will have no effect.

11.05
the SFC User's Manual Guide

5.5.2. SFC_PNEU_FR.PR5 project simulation or

SFC_HYDRO_FR.PR5
To simulate the SFC_PNEU_FR.PR5 project or project SFC_HYDRO_FR.PR5:

1. Press the button simulation.

The SFC grafcet is started and step 1 is activated.

2. Click the button PB_1 button. Step 2 is then

activated.

3. Tap COM_A.

A cylinder raises the load.

4. Tap COM_B.

The cylinder pushes the load B on the right.

5. During steps 4 and 5, the two cylinders perform their respective input race.

6. Tap to send m_b M_A or load the container on the left or right.

Step 1 is reactivated. Clicking PB_1, you can move a new load.

5.6. Possible causes of problems

5.6.1. Errors structure

The editor does not analyze SFC logic errors during the stage of construction of SFC. It merely indicates transitions /
stages that are offline. This means that the editor can create whatever you want, but the result will not necessarily be a
functional Grafcet.

The problem will arise when it comes to pilot or simulate the Grafcet. This is absolutely necessary that the Grafcet
created by the editor is in accordance with the standard. When launching a simulation, error messages and / or
warning in the message window but the simulation is executed anyway by applying the five rules of evolution of the
Grafcet. These rules are as follows:

1. The initial situation of the SFC characterized the initial behavior of the control part with respect to the operating
part, the operator and / or outer elements. The initial situation corresponds to the active stages at the
beginning of operation: such stages are the initial stages.

05.12
 Simulation

2. Said of a transition that has been validated when all stages up (immediately above and connected to the
transition) are active. POSTAGE a transition occurs:

- When the transition has been validated.

- And that receptivity associated with this transition is TRUE.

3. Shipping of a transition simultaneously causes activation of all siguentes stages and deactivating all preceding
stages.

4. Several penetrable transitions are simultaneously stamped simultaneously.

5. If, during the same stage of operation is activated and deactivated simulataneamente, the step is active. The
following figures illustrate this rule are:

Figure 5-11: Rule 5 GRAFCET

5-13
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 5-12: SFC Rule 5 (continued)

Figure 5-13: SFC Rule 5 (continued)

5.6.2. Syntax errors

The editor detects syntax errors in steps, transitions and structured text. The elements appear in default by the color
of the components in default.

5-14
 Simulation

When launching a simulation, error messages and / or warning in the message window, but the simulation is
executed all ways. If one of the actions of one stage is flawed, such actions are ignored. If a receptivity of a transition
is wrong or absent, it is considered invariably false. If a structured text is wrong, it ignores it.

5-15
6. Exercise
ESTEC chapter presents two exercises that will familiarize you with the realization and simulation of circuits with
different Grafcet.

6.1. Exercise 1 - Control Circuit drill

Figure 6-1: SFC circuit and control a drill

6-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.1.1. Operational description of the circuit

One of the components in the drill is the horizontal cylinder A. The role of this first cylinder is to fix the piece to be
drilled. A second cylinder B takes the drilling operation. To give the order to start a movement out of the cylinder rod A.
It then produces a movement of descent and ascent after the cylinder rod B. The cycle is completed with the return to
the initial position occurs cylinder rod A. the control of each cylinder is secured by a 5/2 valve (12) controlled by a
solenoid each side. The movements of the cylinder rod A are detected by two sensors mechanical position: LM_A0
and LM_A1. The cylinder rod B are detected by two proximity sensors: PR_B0 and PR_B1.

· . EXT_A +;

· . RET_A-;

· . EXT_B +;

· . RET_B-.

To use these variables, you must first create them.

The EXER_1_SFC_PNEU_FR.PR5 (tire) or EXER_1_SFC_HYDRO_FR.PR5 (hydraulic) file containing this example

is in the folder EXERCICES this program.

6.1.2. grafcet
The drill operating cycle is represented by the Grafcet. The latter is composed of:

1. Five stages (X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5). Each stage of this graph has an associated action except the initial
stage.

2. Five transitions (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5). Each transition of this graph has an associated receptivity.

6.1.2.1. Functional description

When you have finished the circuit, you can switch to simulation mode to verify operation.

1. Choose the "Project" command "Simulation" menu and the "Normal" command in the same menu. or

6-2
 Exercises

Click on the "Simulate the project" button on the toolbar to select the whole project.

Click on the "Simulation in normal mode" button on the toolbar. Simulation mode is launched.

This allows to place the SFC in its initial stage, stage X1. The circuit is put under tension for the first time.

1. Press the PB_1 push-button to start.

When PB_1 pushbutton is pressed, the transition Y1 switches to TRUE and control proceeds to step X2,
the output of the cylinder rod A. occurs

2. LM_A1 is activated at the end of the piston stroke and allow the passage to step X3. The action associated

with this stage is the output of the cylinder rod B. The limit switch is detected by the proximity sensor is

activated PR_B1.

3. At that time, the stage is activated and X4 occurs the return of the cylinder rod
B.

4. The activation step X5 is possible when the proximity sensor is activated PR_B0, indicating the complete
return of the cylinder rod B. When the X5 step is active, the cylinder rod makes its return to the operator
and returns at the initial stage X1.

5. The activation of switch PB_1 is necessary to restart another cycle of operation. If this button is held
down, the cycle operates continuously.

6-3
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.2. Exercise 2 - Control Circuit drilling unit

Figure 6-2: Cell drilling

This exercise combines all the features offered by the SFC workshop. It offers a structured programming approach
based on GEMMA ( Guide d'Etude et des Modes de Marche Arrêt). It is aimed at students who assimilate advanced
concepts and experienced programmers who want to delve into the issue of GRAFCET automation.

Exercise first presents the operational part of the automation. Then the operator control unit and wiring to complete
the structure and Grafcet it.

6-4
 Exercises

The simulation will allow you to follow closely the course of the evolution of automation and introduce defects to
properly understand the use of graphic defects and control instructions.

The EXER_2_PNEU_FR.PR5 (tire) or EXER_2_HYDRO_FR.PR5 (hydraulic) file containing this example is in the
folder EXERCICES this program.

6.2.1. Description of Operational Part

The operative part of the automated system includes:

· A control panel;

· A mounting plate fixed on a turntable;

· A feeding parts;

· Fixing a position and drilling parts;

· A test position and evacuation.

The feed may contain 25 parts. A display tells the operator the number of remaining pieces. A yellow LED is lit when
the feeder is empty. In that case, the system is underway but it stops at the end of the cycle waiting for new parts. A
push button allows the operator to reset the counter after making the load feeder.

The punching station sets the workpiece to be worked, the drill floor at high speed towards and then at slow speed.
Drill up then slow speed to free up space and then continues at a rapid rate. Finally, the part is free. The last place
checks whether the piece has been perforated correctly. and evacuates the well punched parts. If a defective part, the
position is located so that the operator can remove and generates an alarm to signal the defect. During that period of
time, the system is stationary and the engine shaft rotation is stopped. After removal of the defective part, the operator
can start again command the system or full system shutdown in the position in which it is located.

When the three positions have completed their operations, the turntable is indexed from one position.

The system can operate in, semi-automatic (cicle by cicle) or automatic manual mode. After a default, you can

resume production where it had been interrupted or order the immediate and complete system shutdown in the

position in which it is located. Unless the production after a defect is resumed, all system reboot operates a

mechanical initialization of their mobiles to its initial position components.

6-5
the SFC User's Manual Guide

The operator may at any time impose pause the system, this is then fixed in position and the motor stops rotating
shaft.

An operation confirmation indicator lights up and the normal stop, pause or treatment of a defect shuts down during
startup. It will be lit during normal operation.

These positions are described in the following sections.

6.2.1.1. Feeding station

Figure 6-3: Since feeding parts

drilling unit

This station comprises a horizontal cylinder F. The role of this first cylinder comprises feeding pieces system.
Uprooting generates a resultant movement of the cylinder rod F. This makes one piece out of a distributor. The cycle
ends with the return of the cylinder rod F to its original position. The cylinder control is assumed by a 5/3 valve
controlled by two solenoids each side (OUT_F and IN_F) with spring return to the center position. The movements of
the cylinder rod F are detected by two sensors mechanical position: F_IN and F_OUT.

6-6
 Exercises

6.2.1.2. Since fixing and drilling

Figure 6-4: Since fixing and drilling

unity

This station comprises two cylinders, D and C. a restriction is introduced into the circuit through the solenoid
activation D_SLOW_SPEED to allow slow speed of roll D. The role of the horizontal cylinder C is to secure the
workpiece. The cylinder D is responsible for piercing.

When starting a movement out of the cylinder rod movement C. rapid decrease of the cylinder rod D_SLOW_SPEED
D. When the solenoid is activated in the SFC as the effect of activation D_SLOW sensor produces occurs Then the
cylinder rod D continues its movement but at slow speed. Then the cylinder D performs a movement of slow ascent.
This movement is accelerated when the solenoid is deactivated by D_SLOW_SPEED Grafcet because D_SLOW
sensor is deactivated during ascent.

The cycle is completed by return to the starting position of the cylinder rod C. The control of each cylinder is borne by
a 5/3 valve, each being controlled on both sides by two solenoids (OUT_C, IN_C, OUT_D, IN_D) with spring return to

6-7
the SFC User's Manual Guide

center position. The movements of the cylinder rod C are detected by two proximity sensors: C_IN and C_OUT. The
cylinder rod D are detected by three proximity sensors: D_IN, D_OUT and D_SLOW.

The third valve is used to introduce a restriction in the circuit for the slow speed. It is a 4/2 valve controlled by a
solenoid side with a spring return.

6.2.1.3. Test position and evacuation

Figure 6-5: Test stand and evacuation unit

drilling

This station comprises two cylinders, T and E. The role of the vertical cylinder T is to check whether the piece is
correctly perforated in order to detect the rupture of the fuse. The horizontal cylinder E is responsible for the
evacuation of the workpiece to the exit conveyor.

When starting, there is a downward movement and after ascent of the cylinder rod T. Then a resultant movement of
the cylinder rod is produced E to evacuate the part. The cycle ends with the return to the starting position of the
cylinder rod E. The control of each cylinder is taken over by a valve controlled both sides 5/3 solenoid. The
movements of the cylinder rod T are detected by two sensors

6-8
 Exercises

Proximity: T_in and T_OUT. The cylinder rod E are detected by two proximity sensors: E_IN and E_OUT.

6.2.1.4. Indexing table of the drilling unit

Figure 6-6: Indexing table unit

drilling

This station comprises a turntable driven by a horizontal cylinder with spring return INDEX, locked in position by a
second cylinder LOCK departing spring. The role of the cylinder INDEX is a position index to the table. To give the
order of implementation, there is a return movement of the cylinder LOCK to clear the table, followed by the output of
the cylinder rod INDEX. The cycle ends with the return to the starting position of the cylinder rod and the cylinder LOCK
INDEX, which confirms a position indexing table. Control cylinder is secured by a 3/2 valve controlled sided solenoid
spring return. The movements of the cylinder rod INDEX are detected by two proximity sensors: INDEX_IN and
INDEX_OUT,

09.06
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.2.2. Description Control Wiring

6.2.2.1. Control Panel

Figure 6-7: Control Panel

This control is implemented in the form of a simulated electric schematic. It comprises the following elements:

6-10
 Exercises

ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION

PUSH BUTTONS:

PB_ACK_EMER_STOP (NO) Resolution of the emergency stop. PB_EMER_STOP (NC)

Emergency stop.

PB_RESET (NO) Reset.

PB_START (NO) Startup (auto semi-auto modes).

PB_STOP (NO) Stop (auto and semi-auto mode).

PB_PAUSE (NO) Pause system (alternative function).

PB_OUT_F (NO) Outfeed F to insert a piece (manual mode).

PB_IN_F (NO) Return the cylinder F (manual mode).

PB_OUT_C ​(NO) Outfeed C for securing a (manual mode).

PB_IN_C (NO) Return the cylinder C (manual mode).

PB_OUT_D (NO) Outfeed D to drill a workpiece (manual mode).

PB_IN_D (NO) Return cylinder D (manual mode).

PB_OUT_E (NO) Outfeed E to evacuate a part (manual mode), this cylinder should
not leave if the cilindroT is deployed.

PB_IN_E (NO) Return cylinder E (manual mode).

PB_OUT_T (NO) T cylinder outlet to verify that the piece is perforated (manual mode), this
cylinder should not leave if the cylinder E is deployed.

PB_IN_T (NO) T return cylinder (manual mode).

PB_INDEX (NO) INDEX cylinder outlet to index the table (manual mode).

PB_RESET_FEED (NO) Reset counter parts.

PB_ACK_AL_FEED (NO) Resolution defect feeding station.

PB_ACK_AL_DRILL (NO) Defect resolution since drilling.

PB_ACK_AL_EVAC (NO) Resolution defect removal station.

PB_ACK_AL_INIT (NO) Defect resolution during initialization.

6-11
the SFC User's Manual Guide

ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION

PB_ACK_AL_INDEX (NO) Defect resolution indexing table.

SELECTORS:

Sel_mode (3 positions) Selecting the run mode, manual (left position), semi-automatic
(center position) and automatic (right position).

SEL_MOT (2 positions) Manual start motor rotating shaft, left at rest position, position right up).

SEL_SLOW_SPEED (2 Selecting the slow speed of the cylinder D Manual start: left position,
positions) normal speed; right position, slow speed.

COUNTER :

FEED_COUNTER Parts counter. Count the number of parts introduced into the system to
each cylinder outlet F. adjusts according to the number of pieces that
can be loaded into the feeder.

AUXILIARY RELAYS

CR_EMER_STOP Relay emergency stop.

MCR Master relay that cuts the power cylinders.

CR_AUTO Relay authorizing the automatic start.

CR_SEMIAUTO I relay authorizing the semi-automatic operation.

CR_MAN Relay authorizing the manual gear.

CR_SPINDLE Auxiliary relay for motor drive of the rotary shaft.

CR_FEED_EMPTY vacuum feeder.

SOLENOIDS

OUT_F Outfeed F.

IN_F Return cylinder F.

OUT_C Outfeed C.

IN_C Return the cylinder C.

OUT_D Outfeed D.

IN_D Return cylinder D.

12.06
 Exercises

ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION

OUT_E Outfeed E.

IN_E Return cylinder E.

OUT_T Outfeed T.

IN_T Return cylinder T.

OUT_INDEX Indexing table, one position.

D_SLOW_SPEED Activation of slow speed for cylinder D.

LEDS

L_EMER_STOP red indicator, emergency stop.

L_AUTO green indicator, auto mode.

L_SEMIAUTO green indicator, semi-automatic mode.

L_man green indicator, manual mode.

L_F_IN Cylinder F feeder position (green).

L_F_OUT Cylinder F feeder starting position (green).

L_FEED_EMPTY vacuum feeder (yellow).

L_C_IN Cylinder C fastening position (green).

L_C_OUT Cylinder C fixation position output (green).

L_D_IN Cylinder D drilling position (green).

L_D_OUT Drilling cylinder D position output (green).

L_E_IN Cylinder E evacuation position (green).

L_E_OUT Cylinder E evacuation position output (green).

L_T_IN T test cylinder in the rest position (green).

L_T_OUT T test cylinder in starting position (green).

L_INDEX_IN INDEX rotating cylinder in the rest position (green) table.

L_INDEX_OUT INDEX cylinder rotating in starting position (green) table.

L_MOT_SPINDLE Rotary shaft engine running (green).

6-13
the SFC User's Manual Guide

ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION

L_RUN System running in automatic mode ou semi-automatic (green).

L_AL_FEED Default feeding station (red).

L_AL_DRILL Default Job drilling (red).

L_AL_EVAC Defect removal station (red).

L_AL_INDEX Default indexing table (red).

L_AL_INIT Default during simulation (red).

ENGINES

MOT Motor rotating shaft (110 Vac).

TICKETS

EMERGENCY_STOP (IN 0) Emergency stop. START (IN 1)

Start up.

STOP (IN 2) Stop.

PAUSE (IN 3) System pause, alternate function.

AUTO (IN 4) Automatic mode.

SEMI_AUTO (IN 5) Semi-automatic mode.

MAN (IN 6) Manual mode.

PR_F_IN (IN 7) Cylinder F at rest

PR_F_OUT (IN 8) Cylinder F in output position.

FEED_EMPTY (IN 9) vacuum feeder.

PR_C_IN (IN 10) Cylinder C in the rest position.

PR_C_OUT (IN 11) Cylinder C at exit position.

PR_D_IN (IN 12) Cylinder D in position.

PR_D_OUT (IN 13) Cylinder D starting position.

PR_T_IN (IN 14) T cylinder in the rest position.

PR_T_OUT (IN 15) T cylinder in starting position.

PR_E_IN (IN 16) Cylinder E in position.

PR_E_OUT (IN 17) E cylinder in starting position.

6-14
 Exercises

ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION

CONF_MOT (IN 18) Confirmation of the rotary shaft engine running.

PR_INDEX_IN (IN 19) INDEX cylinder in the rest position.

PR_INDEX_OUT (IN 20) INDEX cylinder in starting position.

PR_LOCK_IN (IN 21) Cylinder LOCK position.

PR_LOCK_OUT (IN 22) Cylinder output LOCK position.

ACK_AL_FEED (IN 23) Defect resolution in the feeding station.

ACK_AL_DRILL (IN 24) Defect resolution in the drilling position.

ACK_AL_EVAC (IN 25) Defect resolution in the discharge station.

ACK_AL_INIT (IN 26) Defect resolution during initialization.

ACK_AL_INDEX (IN 27) Default resolution of the turntable.

PR_D_SLOW (IN 28) D Cylinder position Slow Speed.

DEPARTURES

SOL_OUT_F (OUT 0) Outfeed F.

SOL_IN_F (OUT 1) Return cylinder F.

SOL_OUT_C ​(OUT 2) Outfeed C.

SOL_IN_C (OUT 3) Return the cylinder C.

SOL_OUT_D (OUT 4) Outfeed D.

SOL_IN_D (OUT 5) Return cylinder D.

SOL_OUT_E (OUT 6) Outfeed E.

SOL_IN_E (OUT 7) Return cylinder E.

SOL_OUT_T (OUT 8) Outfeed T.

SOL_IN_T (OUT 9) Return cylinder T.

SOL_INDEX (OUT 10) Indexing table, one position.

SPINDLE (OUT 11) Motor rotating shaft.

SOL_SLOW_SPEED (OUT Activation of slow speed for cylinder D.

12)

AL_FEED (OUT 13) Defect in the supply station.

AL_DRILL (OUT 14) Defect since drilling.

6-15
the SFC User's Manual Guide

ELEMENTS DESCRIPTION

AL_EVAC (OUT 15) Defect removal station.

AL_INDEX (OUT 16) Default on the turntable.

AL_INIT (OUT 17) Mechanical defect during initialization.

RUN (OUT 18) Confirmation of system operation in automatic mode semiautomatic

ou.

6-16
 Exercises

6.2.2.2. controls
The control scheme processes the emergency stops and operating modes. Feed control solenoids according to
the controls and operation mode.

Figure 6-8: Control Scheme of the operating part

6-17
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 6-9: Control Scheme of the operating part

(continuation)

6-18
 Exercises

6.2.2.3. Signaling

Figure 6-10: Scheme control signaling

This scheme comprises the signaling of system states: position of the cylinders, number of parts available at
the supply station, alarms.

6-19
the SFC User's Manual Guide

also it contains push buttons for alarm resolution and the counter reset pieces after loading a new set of pieces.

6.2.2.4. Cards / O

Figure 6-11: Scheme control signaling

This diagram shows the wiring card inputs / outputs. Shipments can locate the components connected to the
inputs / outputs in the schemes.

6-20
 Exercises

6.2.3. grafcet
The operating cycle of the drilling unit is represented by the Grafcet. The latter is composed of graphs, each graph
represents a task automation. These graphs are related hierarchically according to a functional pyramid whose top
level is the level 0.

This example could be much simpler case of a particular application. Our proposal allows familiar with the use of
all the functionality of the workshop GRAFCET.

6.2.3.1. Hierarchical structure of graphics automation

The figure below illustrates the structure of the automation.

Figure 6-12: Hierarchical Structure Graphics

automatism

1. DEFAIL: Chart dysfunctions management, hierarchical level 0.

2. START_STOP: Graphic management mode and shut up, hierarchical level

one.

3. START_UP: Chart start, hierarchical level 2.

6-21
the SFC User's Manual Guide

4. NORMAL: Chart normal operation, hierarchical level 2.

5. SHUTDOWN: Chart stop hierarchical level two.

6. INIT_MEC: Chart mechanical initialization, hierarchical level 3. This graphic is executed each time it is started in
the automatic mode before executing a first cycle in semi-automatic mode.

7. FEEDER: Figure macro-stage hierarchical level three.

8. DRILL: Figure macro-stage hierarchical level three.

9. EVAC: Figure macro-stage hierarchical level three.

6.2.3.2. graphic DEFAIL

This graphic manages all the automation defects. Controls all authorizations of evolution and initialization of all
graphics. During a fault, if the production was underway before the default, the RUN lamp flashes. After a default, if the
situation permits, the operator can resume production by pressing the START button. You can also stop production by
pressing the STOP button. During a break, evolution authorizations graphics are removed, which means that the
graphics are fixed.

6-22
 Exercises

Figure 6-13: Hierarchical Structure Graphics

automatism

6-23
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 6-14: Figure DEFAIL, processing

defects

6-24
 Exercises

Figure 6-15: Figure DEFAIL, controls

graphical initialization

6-25
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Figure 6-16: Figure DEFAIL, controls march

the graphics

6-26
 Exercises

6.2.3.3. graphic START_STOP

Figure 6-17: Figure START_STOP

6-27
the SFC User's Manual Guide

START_STOPadministra graphic modes up and stop the automation according to the operator's choice. During a
defect, does not lose its authorization evolution. The automatic reset when switching to manual mode.

6.2.3.4. graphic START_UP

This graphic effected system startup, which involves running the boot sequence.

Figure 6-18: Figure START_UP

6-28
 Exercises

6.2.3.5. graphic INIT_MEC

This graphic effects the mechanical system initialization demanded by the START_UP chart. Returns all the cylinders
to their initial position and verifies that the turntable is not between two positions. defect overly long sequence is
generated if the sequence takes over 21 seconds. The general default graphic INIT_MEC serves external safety
condition for the graphic START_UP.

Figure 6-19: Chart mechanical initialization

INIT_MEC

6-29
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.2.3.6. Performance Graph NORMAL

This graphic effects a production cycle. It consists of three macro-steps: feeding parts, drilling and
fastener-check-evacuation. In semi-automatic mode, the operator must press the START button to start a cycle.
There must be parts in the feeder to start a cycle.

Figure 6-20: Operational diagram NORMAL

6-30
 Exercises

6.2.3.7. Figure macro step FEEDER

This macro step graph enters a piece on the turntable. It is executed when step 3 of Chart NORMAL is activated.

Figure 6-21: Figure macro step FEEDER

6-31
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.2.3.8. Figure macro step DRILL

This macro step graphic fixed part and controls the descent and ascent of the drill. It is executed when step 5
of graphic NORMAL is activated.

Figure 6-22: Figure macro step DRILL

6-32
 Exercises

6.2.3.9. Figure macro step EVAC

This graphic macro step verifies that the part has been properly pierced and evacuated to the exit conveyor. It is
executed when step 5 of graphic NORMAL is activated. If a part is defective, the test cylinder up to allow the operator
to free the workpiece and generates an alarm. The operator then releases the workpiece, for alarm and hit the
pushbutton PB_START to resume production.

Figure 6-23: Figure macro step EVAC

6-33
the SFC User's Manual Guide

6.2.3.10. graphic SHUTDOWN

This graphic effected normal system shutdown at the request of graphic START_STOP. Before deauthorize up the
system, the graphical removed from the turntable the remaining pieces.

Figure 6-24: Figure SHUTDOWN

6-34
 Exercises

6.2.4. Simulation
When complete the circuit, you can switch to simulation mode to verify proper operation.

1. Press the button simulation.

The program scans to detect residual errors graphics. If there are, the corresponding messages appear in
message windows.

Graphics can be simulated even if there are errors. However, the behavior of the automated system can be altered.
Indeed, absent or erroneous transition conditions of the transitions are always considered false. To negotiate these
transitions simulation must use the context menu of the transition to force your postage. In addition, erroneous actions
and structured texts are ignored.

After analysis, the program initializes the initial stages of graphics and project variables.

FIRST_CYCLE_SIM the internal variable is given the value TRUE during the first cycle simulation while the
ACTIVE_SIMULATION variable is given the same value for the duration of the simulation.

2. annul alarm emergency stop and reset the system with the push button PB_RESET.

3. reset the feeder to insert new parts.

4. Put the system in automatic mode and supports PB_START the push button to put the system in place. The L_RUN
light flashes during start which is on during the passage of the system to its production phase.

5. Pass the manual mode, the system stops and is reset. Use the manual controls to complete the movement of the
cylinders. As no parts presence sensors, the operator must manually remove them normally.

6. Resume production and make an emergency stop. Solve, reset and restart the system. production where they had
left it restarts.

7. Press the button PB_STOP button to stop the system normally. The system stops after having emptied the
turntable. The L_RUN light flashes during the strike.

8. Restart and press the push button PB_PAUSE. The system is fixed. The L_RUN light flashes during pause. Press
the button again PB_PAUSE button, the motor rotating shaft is put back on and the cycle is resumed.

6-35
the SFC User's Manual Guide

9. To generate defects, simply put a cylinder valve in direct control by clicking on a slide. At that time he will no
longer be under the control of simulation engine.

6-36
A. Glossary

Action

Action processing step is executed when the step is active. It is an order issued in the form of an output, the Party of
Control to the operational side. Shares are comprised of expressions, assignment operators and control operators.

All actions associated with a same stage are executed when this phase is activated.

alphanumeric

Rate a composite of characters belonging to the character expression recognized by the machine, of which the
main ones are 10 decimal places and the 26 letters of the alphabet.

Automatism

A device, system or equipment that allows to perform an operation apparatus without operator intervention.

Status bar

Horizontal bar below every window, containing various information (comments, zoom factor or cursor
coordinates, etc.).

Toolbar

Bar under the menu bar. Clumps buttons that allow you make the most frequently used commands.

Menu bar

horizontal bar above the title bar of the program, which shows the menus of commands available in the active
window.

A-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Title bar

horizontal bar above a window containing your title.

library

Window brings together the basic elements for the design of a circuit and simulation. These elements can be of three
types: components, links and graphic objects. Such elements are included in the workshops.

Simulation cycle

It corresponds to a cycle calculation that determines the state of each of the components and variables.

Component

Basic element for designing schemes. Each component is associated with a behavior or a function that will be
animated simulation. The components are part of the libraries of the workshops.

connector

Element represented by a red circle when not connected. It allows a connection between two components. When
the connector is connected becomes a connection.

Connection

A connection symbolized by circles, the connecting point links or components together. The connection is the
same color as the elements if the connection points are touched and connected and is a different color if not
touch.

A connection of a type of technology can not be connected to a connection of an incompatible technology. For
example, a pneumatic line can not be connected to an SFC component and vice versa.

Convergence O

Convergence in O is a link between multiple sources and a single stage transitions. it is obtained by linking together
multiple transitions to the same stage.

A-2
 Glossary

AND convergence

Convergence in Y is a bond between various sources and transition stages. It is obtained by linking together multiple
stages to the same transition.

Project description

Brief note on the project that appears in your summary.

OR Divergence

A divergence in O is a link between a source and several phase transitions. It obtains a phase linking several
transitions.

AND Divergence

A divergence in Y is a bond between a source and transition stages. it is obtained by bonding a transition to several
stages.

Schema Editor

Utility that allows the creation, modification and file management "projects". The Diagram Editor contains the document
folder that lists all project documents.

Link

Library item used to connect components of a scheme. In simulation, the link transmits a signal from
one component to another.

ESC

Regroups Security external conditions that determine the useless or dangerous character graph execution. This
condition is used to indicate the general default graphic.

Work space

Of the window where the information on which you work appear.

A-3
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Scheme

Graphical representation of a circuit using elements and selected components in a workshop. Only GRAFCET
components can be inserted into a GRAFCET diagram.

Stage

A normal stage is represented with a square identified by a number. It is the symbol obtained by clicking the "Stage"
of the SFC toolbar.

active stage

(Normal or initial) active stage is identified by a red square located in the center of the symbol of the stage.

Active macro step is identified with a red rectangle in the top or the bottom of the symbol of the stage. A red rectangle
is located below the symbol of the stage if the output stage linked with the graphic macro step is activated. An input
stage is identified with a red rectangle in the top symbol of the stage.

An output stage is identified with a red rectangle in the bottom stage symbol ..

Input stage

An input stage is represented with a rectangle on the top of the square. The latter is identified with a number. it is
obtained by clicking on the symbol "input stage" of the SFC toolbar. It is used in the chart enabled by the macro-step.

Output stage

An output stage with a rectangle on the bottom of the square. The latter is identified with a number. it is obtained
by clicking on the symbol "output stage" of the SFC toolbar. It is used in the drawing stage enabled by the macro.

initial stage

An initial step is represented with a square double identified by a number and is always activated when the SFC
is launched. It is the symbol obtained by clicking on the "initial stage" of the SFC toolbar.

A-4
 Glossary

Project Explorer

Utility that allows the creation, modification and file management "projects". Project Explorer folder containing the
document that lists all project documents.

Flank

An edge is a particular operator indicating the passage of a boolean variable or a boolean expression of the value 0
to the value 1 and the value 1 to 0. It may be ascending or descending Flank Flank assimilable.

Form link

Form that takes the link between two connection points.

Forced

Forced allow modification of the status of a graph. They are used to impose a particular situation to a graph. Forced
is always maintained and when its trigger condition is true.

The general form of a forced is: F / SFC_Name: (X_i, x_j, ...).

GEN_FAULT

General signaling defect chart (SFC_Name.GEN_FAULT). This señalizaciónm groups defects graph (time sequence
too short, too long time sequence, step time too short, too long time stage,) and external security conditions (ESC).

GRAFCET

Functional Control chart for steps and transitions. The SFC is a model graph used to represent the SFC
elements an automated system.

Visualization Tools

Accessories design schemes Editor: grid, rules, connections, connection identifiers. Display can be selected in the
"View" menu.

TO 5
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Worksheet

Surface available in Automation Studio to create schemes.

INIT

Initializing a control chart (SFC_Name.INIT) that activates the initial stages of graphic and disables all others.

user interface

Environment including windows, dialogs, menus, commands, mouse, buttons, etc. allowing the user to
communicate with the computer.

Macro-stage

A macro-step is represented by a square having a rectangle on the top and another rectangle at the bottom. The
square is identified by a number. it is obtained by clicking on the symbol "Macro-stage" of the SFC toolbar. A
macro-step is a series of steps / transitions graphically in condensed form single stage. This graph associated with it
enabled.

Edit mode

Operating mode in which the project schemes are created and modified. There is a second way: Simulation.

Simulation mode

Operating mode in which a project or scheme is simulated. Contrary to Edit mode, you can not make it any
modification of the project or scheme.

Hierarchical level

Chart position within the hierarchy of forced, level 0 is the highest level.

Connection name

alphanumeric identifier associated with each connection point of the components.

A-6
 Glossary

properties

Characteristics or parameters of a component. You can edit and view the properties dialog box by opening the
"Properties" component.

Draft

coherent set consists of the schemes. The project is managed by the Project Explorer.

Receptivity

Receptivity or transition condition is a logical condition that determines whether or not the evolutionary chart through a
transition. This is a Boolean expression written using input variables, variables Xn stage, logical operators, and
operator timing edge operators. It may be true or false.

Grating

Horizontal and vertical lines points in the Editor workspace schema which are aligned schema elements.

RUN

Authorization evolution of a graph (SFC_Name.RUN). Without this authorization, the chart is frozen and actions of the
active steps are no longer executed.

Workshop

complementary module main application. Each workshop contains the elements, schemes and functions related
technology and reflecting the type of project that creates.

timings

Timings are processing Boolean result. Let time take account time (lapse, wait, delay, etc.). The timers used in
GRAFCET refer to variables and stages.

A-7
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Step time too short

Elapsed time between activation and deactivation of a stage. This functionality is used if one of the stages that use
this functionality is turned off too quickly. In that case, the graph is generated for defect step time too short. This defect
must be identified and resolved.

Step time too long

Elapsed time between activation and deactivation of a stage. This functionality is used if one of the stages that use this
functionality is activated for too long. In that case, the graph is generated for defect step time too long.

This defect must be identified and resolved.

Time too short sequence

Elapsed time between deactivation and reactivation of the initial stage of the graph. This functionality is used if the
graphic returns too rapidly to the initial stage, a defect in time too short sequence It is generated for the chart. This
defect must be identified and resolved.

Time sequence too long

Elapsed time between deactivation and reactivation of the initial stage of the graph. This functionality is used if the
graphic returns too slowly to the initial stage, a defect in overly long sequence It is generated for the chart. This defect
must be identified and resolved.

Transition

A transition condition must be true for the next stage can be executed.

Utilitarian

General term for different windows in Automation Studio.

A-8
B. Index

Action Syntax ............................................ 4-29

Definition ........................................ 3-20 Management defects in a gráfico.4-27 Management

Assignment states Inserting a chart ..4-26

boolean conditional continue .....................

...................... 4-14 boolean Memorized Free comment ............................. ............... 3-30

..................................... ...... 4-13 4-14 number Links ............................. 3-21 Step .................
......................................... 4-13 numeric conditional ................................. ............ 3-9 structured Text
... free Comment ......................... .................. 4-14 .............. 3-27 Transition ................................ ........
3- 7: 4-19
3-16 Macro-stages .................................... ... 4-28
Insertion .......................................... 3-30
Operator
Convergence O. ............................... 3-6

Convergence Y ............. ................... 3-6 OR Arithmetic expressions ............ 4-6 4-7 4-10

Divergence ......................... ......... 3-6 AND boolean expressions Flanks .................... ...

......................................... 4-10 Priority .....

Divergence .................................. 3 -6 Link
..................................... 4-12 Relational .........
............................................... Link ..... 3-6 O
........................... 11.04 Simulation
....................................... Link ..3-24 Y

......................................... 3 -22 links State Normal stage ...................................... 5-2 ......

........................................ 6-3 step by step ....

Insertion .......................................... 3-21 Errors .................................. 5-10 Commissioning ..........

................... 5-10 Simulate the project

Check .......................................... 3-32 States ......................... ... 6-3 Syntax

Step 5-2 Step simulation .......................... Free comment ............................... 04.04 Constant

............. Step 4-6 ................ ..............................

.................................. ............ 4-2 Flanks

Initial stage insertion ............................................
................................ 4-10 Forcing ..............
3-9 .......................................... 3-5 Forcing
.............................. ................ 4-29 identifier

...................... 4-2

B-1
the SFC User's Manual Guide

Introduction ...................................... 4-1 Reserved

words ...... ..................... ........................ 4-4

structured Text Transition 4-3 .... 4

......................................... Variable -3

............................................ 4.5 Timing verification

......... .................................... 4-15 ...........................

4-19

.................. 4-23 limited drive-delay with .............

4-20 with Off-delay ........ 4-22 structured Text

....................... 3-6, 4-18

Insertion ......................................... 3-27 Activation

of stages ......... ..................................... 4-23

Transition ........ 3-6

Variable insertion ......................................... 3-16

Kind................................................. 4-5 ..

B-2