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I/O Chapter 1:Introduction
BS Psychology (Angeles University Foundation)
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Chapter 1 Introduction to I/O Psychology
Industrial/Organizational is a branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the
Psychology workplace.
To enhance the dignity and PURPOSE OF I/O
performance of human
beings by advancing the
science and knowledge of
human behavior
Training programs and Principles of learning are used to develop
incentive plans
Work groups; employee Principles of social psychology are used to form _____ and understand _____.
conflict
Motivate; satisfy employees Principles of motivation and emotion are used to _____ and _____.
people The main difference between IO psychology and business field Is that IO psych
examines factors that affect the _____ in an org. as opposed to the broader
aspects of running an org.
Empirical data; statistical IO psych are trained to use _____ and _____ rather than intuition to make
techniques decisions.
Scientist practitioner model A factor that helps differentiate IO Psych from other branches of Psychology is the
reliance on _____.
Scientists; practitioner IO psychologists acts as _____ when they conduct research and as _____
when they work with actual orgs.
High quality; effectiveness IO psychologist apply research findings so that the work they perform with the
orgs. will be of _____ and enhance an orgs. _____.
Employee effectiveness; From a societal perspective, IO psychologist can also improve that quality of life
Organizational efficiency by increasing _____, which reduces the cost of goods sold by improving product
quality. This in turn reduces repair and replacement cost by improving _____,
which a result in decrease in inefficient activities such as waiting in line.
Industrial Approach Focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the
organization with employees who have competencies and increasing
competencies through training.
Organizational Approach Creates an organizational structure and culture necessary that will motivate
employees to perform well, give them necessary information to do their jobs and
provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying
work environment.
Job Analysis, Recruitment, Personnel psychology study and practice in such areas as:
Selection, Job evaluation,
Training, Performance
Appraisal
Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Psychology are concerned with the issues of
Employee Motivation,
Organizational
Communication, Conflict
Management, Org Change
and Group Process
Organization-wide; Professionals in organization development implement _____ programs designed
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Team building, restricting to improve employee performance.
and employee empowerment such programs might include _____,_____ and _____.
Workplace design, human Human Factors concentrate on:
machine interaction,
ergonomics, and physical
fatigue and stress.
1903; Walter Dill Scott; IO psychology is generally thought to have started either in _____ when _____
Theory of Advertising wrote the _____ in which psychology was first applied to business;
Hugo Munsterberg; In 1910 when _____ wrote _____ which was first published in English in 1913;
Psychology and Industrial
Efficiency
Scott; Increasing Human Or in 1911 when_____ wrote the book _____.
Efficiency in Business
World War I Industrial Psychology was seldom used prior to the _____
Business psychology, The common terms for the field were _____, _____ and _____
economic psychology, and
employment psychology
World War I IO psychology made its first big impact during _____
John Watson; perceptual and Who is better known as the pioneer of behaviorism, served as a major in the US
motor test Army and developed _____ for potential pilots.
Henry Gantt Were responsible for increasing the efficiency with which cargo ships were built,
repaired and loaded.
Thomas Edison; 163-item Understood the importance of selecting the right employees. Created a _____
knowledge test; 5% that he administered over 900 applicants. The test and passing score were so
difficult that only _____ applicants passed.
Frank and Lillian Moller Improved productivity and reduce fatigue by studying motions used by workers.
Gilbreth
Personnel issues: Selection 1930s
and Placement
Hawthorne Studies A series of studies, conducted at the Western Electric plant in Hawthorne, Illinois,
that have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to a
change in environment.
Hawthorne Effect When employees change their behavior due solely to the fact that that are
receiving attention are being observed
Elton Mayo Proponent of Hawthorne effect
Civil rights; Sensitivity 1960s
training and T-groups
(Laboratory training groups)
for managers
Kurt Lewin Proponent of Sensitivity Training and Father of Group Dynamics
Employee satisfaction and 1970s
motivation
1. Increased used in fairly 1980s and 1990s
sophisticated statistical Four major changes
techniques.
2. Application of Cognitive
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Psych to Industry
3. Interest in effects of
work on family life and
leisure activities
4. Interest in developing
new methods to select
employees.
1. Massive org downsizing Other changes during the 1980s and 1990s that had significant effects
2. Diversity and Gender
issues
3. Aging workforce
4. Effects of stress
5. Org development
interventions as Total
Quality Management
(TQM), reengineering
and employee
empowerment.
Rapid advances in 2000s
technology
Changing demographic Another factor impacting IO psychology is the _____
makeup of the work force
Global Economy Is also affecting the role of IO psychology.
Ethical Dilemmas Are ambiguous situations that require a personal judgement of what is right or
wrong because there are no rules, policies or laws guiding such decisions.
Type A There is a high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong, there appears to
be no best solution and there are both positive and negative consequences to a
decision.
Type B or Rationalizing The difference between right and wrong is much clearer. Individuals know what is
Dilemmas right but choose the solution that is most _____ to themselves.
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