CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents pieces of literature and systems that were found relevant to the topic.

RELATED LITERATURE

According to Aquilan (2004) made a comparable thesis on the automation of time

attendance that records the time in and time out of every employee using Key card system. It
tends to eliminate the manual recording system of time and attendance and also include salary
computation of each employee based on the time and attendance reports.

According to Rizal et al. (2016) concludes that smart attendance System Applying QR
Code enables to speed up the process of taking attendance and would save us valuable teaching
time. He further stressed that this initiative helps students avoid consequences that may result
from poor attendances that should be stipulated in the policy and academic regulations of the
school.

According to (Rodrigo, 2012) “With the help of an attendance system, institutions and
other organizations can save time and money. When we talk about an attendance management
system it is not specifically only for schools or companies. It can be used everywhere where
people in large number work. Apart from saving time this system also helps in saving money of
the organization which was otherwise lost in monitoring, tracing and updating information.

According to Jinky Mallcudlo (2013) management team in school whether primary and
secondary school use less computerized system in their management. Most of the schools in
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat are using a manual process to monitor the student’s attendance. In a
manual system, teachers will take and write down the student’s daily attendance in the record
book, then at the end of the month the teacher is responsible to update the record by calculating
the percentage of student’s attendance. Because of that, a computerized system that will be
named Student Attendance Monitoring & Identification System using Barcode & SMS of INHS
(Study on SMS Application) system has been proposed to be developed and implemented for
management team in school. The target of this system is to monitor the daily student attendance
and to inform parents about the attendance of their children. This system will be fully
computerized and also apply a new communication technology called SMS. All of the daily
students’ attendance will be saved in a specific database. When the student log-on by swiping
their school ID on the system, it will automatically generate a message that will be sent to the
hand phone via SMS
awareness
It isofin the
this context, the researcher wanted to conduct the study to enabling
 It is in this context, the researcher wanted to conduct the study to enabling the awareness
of the features of the attendance monitoring system using the QR code. It also intended to
determine the level of acceptability of QR code attendance monitoring system as perceived by
particular teachers-user and the student of Asian College Senior High School as participants of
the study. Thus, this study is geared towards evidence-based practice using this type of computer
system that will serve as a preference towards continuous improvement and work on the
recommendation on how this type of system can be adapted in the school context.

Foreign

According to (Kadu et al., 2017). Scanning QR codes allow a person to record a huge
amount of data and transfer them to a Microsoft Excel file through a mobile app. Students
nowadays are more technology savvy, routine activities and teaching strategies must also advance.
Whether in public or private schools, a majority of the students already uses smartphones, and all
connected to the internet. There has been many studies and researches about the use of QR codes
in checking the attendance or used as a school id system or even used of a barcode in the business
industry. Most of the studies are specially meant for their school id system where a specific
program has been made and implement which may cause a lot of money and sometimes maybe
too expensive to afford.

According to (Lamey, 2018 and Santisteban, 2017). The advantage of checking the daily
attendance in class can influence the performance of the school. Studies believed that academic
performance thus improved if students are regularly present to the class. Checking the attendance
is one routine that teachers always go through every day in every class he/she goes to. This is
where normally a teacher will individually call the names of the students and wait for them to
raise their hands. Though this may seem effective, perhaps this takes a lot of time and repetitive
which may lose the interest or motivation of the students to come to class

According to Satoa (2013),elaborated that Attendance Monitoring System using

biometrics authentication defi nes that att endance i s a ver y i m port ant fact or i n
m an y i nsti tuti ons and organizations and its one of the significant criteria to
follow for students and organization employees. The previous approach in of
manuall y taking and maintaining the attendance records was a very inconvenient task.
After having these issues in mind an automatic attendance system is furthermore developed.
Some commonly used biometric techniques are used for objective identification and
verification like iris recognition, voice identification, fingerprint identification, DNA
recognition etc.

According to Amit, Anand and Gandhi(2008) the traditional procedure for maintaining the
attendance record was to pass the attendance sheet during the lecture. This attendance sheet could
constitute the status for only 4 – 5 sessions. So in order to calculate the attendance for entire term
all such attendance sheets had to be assimilated. This procedure would require a lot of manual
work. Our project is designed in such a way that the micro controller would automatically update
the status of the attendance when the reader detects the card. This project would be user friendly
as the student is only required to zip his card in order to mark his attendance

According to Mohamed Ahmed Imhmed of Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)(2009) the wireless
technology is the most interesting technology in the ICT industry today. Alert system has widely used in
many arias and types. The most one is using SMS to alert people or users and notify them about specific
action. The study aims to design a web-based attendance system to help the teachers and parents to
control the students if they absent from the school. The Parent Alert System (PAS) prototype is
introduced to be used by the teachers in high schools. Charging scheme for SMS is out of the study scope

The above mention related literatures are the systems that have a similarity to our propose system
and it give us an idea in the making of our propose system. The difference is they are using a biometrics,
punch card and a barcode while the system we are proposing will use QR Code.

The existing system focused on the student’s attendance monitoring while our system not only the
student’s attendance we are focusing but also to the status of the students. We added a feature that will
send notifications to parents or guardians to monitor the monthly entry and exit of their children.

Theoretical Framework

The researcher used waterfall model as shown in Figure 1 as a guiding tool hence

the electronic attendance and logging system was developed. The input contains the knowledge

in software development, knowledge in hardware and Information Technology infrastructure,

knowledge in optimizing the QR Code, SMS and client-server technology, knowledge in

attendance and logging management, Web-based application development and database design.
Planning

This purpose of this first phase is to find out the scope of the problem and determine

solutions. The topic where they are going to focus. To notice the class schedules and attendance

of the Senior High School Students of the Asian College, they look out for some situations that

proves that such a system is needed.

Analysis

This second phase is where teams consider the functional requirements of the project or

solution. It’s also where system analysis take place or analyzing the needs of the end users to

ensure the new system can meet their expectations.

In this phase to finalize the objectives and goal of the project, they consider how the project

should be use and function. In the school guards and professors, we will consider the following:

 Add Name, Course, Subject and sections.

 Viewing Name, Subject, Sections and Course (School Guards)

 Viewing Name, Attendance, Subject, Section, Course and Defaulters (School Professor)

 Guards and Professors can access the students schedule automatically using each QR Code

of the Students.

System Design
 The third phase describes the details of necessary specifications, features and operations

that will satisfy the functional requirements of the proposed system which will be in place.

In this phase discussed and finalize the detailed and specific features and operation of the

Automated Attendance with SMS and Time Monitoring using QR for Senior High School

Students.

Development

This phase marks the end of the initial section of the process. Additionally, this phase

signifies the start of production. The development stage is also characterized by installation &

change.

This phase has completed the initial section of the proponents proposed System and the

first stage of production will be conducted

Testing

The fifth phase involves systems integration and system testing (of programs and

procedures)- normally carried out by a Quality Assurance (QA) professional-to determine if the

proposed designs meets the initial set of business goals.

In this phase we will ask the School Guards and Professors participation through letting

them use and try the system. In this way we will know if the system will satisfy the expectation of

the participants.
Implementation

The fourth phase is when most of the code for the program is written, and when the project is put

into production by moving the data and components from old system and placing them in the new

system via direct cutover.

In this stage, we will ask for the data inside the registrar. This will serve as initial data for

the use of it.

Maintenance

The sixth phase is when end users can fine-tune the system, if they wish, to boost

performance, add new capabilities or meet additional user requirement.

In this phase the user of the Automated Attendance with SMS and Time Monitoring using

QR for Senior High School Students has familiarized its function. The suggestions and correction

that will to improve the system will be considered by the proponents

Conceptual Framework

The researcher used input-process-output (IPO) model as shown in Figure 1 describes the
conceptual framework of the study wherein the input consisting of the following: Name, Section,
Course. It generate class attendance and monitoring processes like Automated Attendance with
SMS and Time Monitoring using QR Code.

1.
Input Process Output
 QR Code  Generate ID  Automated
Generator  Daily time Attendance
o Name record with SMS
o Section monitoring and Time
o Course  Report of Monitoring
using QR for
grades
Senior High
 Students data School
recovery Students of
 Reports of Asian
time in and College
out
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 QR Code - a machine-readable code consisting of an array of black and white squares,

typically used for storing URLs or other information for reading by the camera on a

smartphone.

 QR Scanner–a device which is used to scan the QR codes

 Smart Phone - a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer,

typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable

of running downloaded applications.

 ID – a card bearing identifying data (such as age or organizational membership) about the

individual whose name appears thereon. — called also identification card, identity card.

 SMS - Short Message Service and is the most widely used type of text messaging.

 Automated- operated by largely or small automatic equipment.

 MySQL- pronounced either "My S-Q-L" or "My Sequel," is an open source relational

database management system. It is based on the structure query language (SQL), which is

used for adding, removing, and modifying information in the database. Standard SQL

commands, such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and UPDATE can be used with MySQL.

 Encrypted- convert (information or data) into a cipher or code, especially to prevent

unauthorized access.
Reference:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318779349_QR_Code_Based_Smart_Attendance

_System

https://www.coursehero.com/file/10606828/CHAPTER-II/

https://www.academia.edu/34737457/Attendance_Monitoring_System_CHAPTER_I_THE

_PROBLEM_AND_ITS_BACKGROUND

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330279649_THE_FEATURES_OF_QUICK_RE

SPONSE_QR_CODE_AS_AN_ATTENDANCE_MONITORING_SYSTEM_ITS_ACCEP

TABILITY_AND_IMPLICATION_TO_CLASSROOM?fbclid=IwAR3RgZZdVC_Tr-

u_Bqxxqv450sZd4ewXmP46NBtrTTZL3k5SthYvQQCV7Ys

https://www.scribd.com/document/235185168/Review-of-Related-Literature-and-Studies

https://www.inettutor.com/source-code/smartcard-based-attendance-monitoring-with-sms-review-of-

related-literature/