1.

TOPIC Tablespace managemt

1. what are difernt types of tablespace.

a) system tablespace: it contain metadata that is related to data dictionary.

b) sysaux tablespace: it contain performance related information.
c) undo tablespace: it contain uncommited data.
d) temp tablespace: it is used for temporary calculations.
e) permanent tablespace: it contains actual user data.

2. How to add a datafile to already existing tablespace.

alter tablespace siva add datafile '/u01/siva/oradata/siva01.dbf' size 200m;

3. how to check the tablespace size.

desc v$datafile;
select BYTES/1024/1024/1024 from v$datafile;
desc dba_data_files;
select BYTES/1024/1024/1024 from dba_data_files;
desc dba_free_space;
select BYTES/1024/1024/1024 from dba_free_space;

4.how to check the database size.

select round((sum(bytes)/1048576/1024),2) from v$datafile;

for free space:(select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) from dba_free_space) ;

for reserved space:(select sum(bytes/(1014*1024)) from dba_data_files) ;
for Used_space:

select
"Reserved_Space(MB)", "Reserved_Space(MB)" - "Free_Space(MB)"
"Used_Space(MB)","Free_Space(MB)"
from(
select
(select sum(bytes/(1014*1024)) from dba_data_files) "Reserved_Space(MB)",
(select sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) from dba_free_space) "Free_Space(MB)"
from dual 2 3 4 5 6 7 );

5.how to rename a datafile.

alter tablespace rename file '/u01/siva/oradata/siva01.dbf' to

'/u01/siva/oradata/kavi01.dbf';

6.how to check the tempfile.

desc dba_temp_files;

7.how to check the used space in database level.

desc dba_free_space

8.how to check the table size.

desc dba_segments

select SEGMENT_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 from dba_segments where

owner='SIVA';

9.how to check the free space in database level.

desc dba_free_space

10.how to check the schema size .

desc dba_segments
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 from dba_segments where owner='SIVA';

11.explain about bigfile tablespace.

A Bigfile Tablespace (BFT) is a special kind of tablespace than can only have a
single (normally very large) datafile. Normal/traditional tablespaces are referred
to as smallfile tablespaces.
A BFT can be up to 128 TB in size (with a 32k block size), while smallfile
tablespaces can have a maximum size of 128 GB.
create bigfile tablespace siva datafile '/u01/siva/oradata/siva01.dbf' size 1M;

12.how to keep datafile in offline.

alter database datafile '/u01/siva/oradata/siva.dbf' offline;

13.how to keep tablespace in offline.

alter tablespace siva offline;

14. the datafile is in autoextend mode but the datafile is not growing more than
10g what is the reagions.

mountpoint full
max extent reaches

2. TOPIC Usermanagement

1.if a singal user is not able to connect to the database. what are things we need
to check.
if any users is not able to connect menas listener may be down orelse any network
issue.

2.how to check what are the privalages assinged to the particular user.

desc dba_role_privs;

3.will created one user without tablespace then which tablespace allocated the user
how to check.

default tablespace will use, we can check in database_properties

4. how change the password to the user.

alter user siva identified by siva;

5.how to change the default tablespace for an user.

alter user siva default tablespace ram;

6.how to change the temporary tablespace for an user.

alter user siva temporary tablespace deva;

7.how to change the default tablespace to the database.

alter database default tablespace ram;

8.some user are not able to onnect to the database what are reason and how to
check.

if any user is not able to connect means listener may be down orelse network issue

9.how to create a user.

create user siva identified by siva default tablespace deva temporary tablespace
temp;

10.how to change a password already exisitng user.

alter user siva identified by siva

11. how to check user details.

dba_users

12.how to give permissions to user.

grant connect,resource to user(siva)

13.what is role.
role nothing but group of previlages
14.what is profile.
profile nothing but restriction of data
two types of profiles
1.system level profile
2.objective level profile

15. how to change the profile to existing user.

alter user siva progile p1

16.how to assing the old password to an user.

alter user siva identified by values 'ad pswd';

3. TOPIC controlfile Management

1. what is use of controlfile.

without controlfile database is not up, with controlfile database is up

(or)
When an instance of an ORACLE database is started, its control file is used to
identify the database and redo log files that must be opened for database operation
to proceed. It is also used in database recovery

2.if controlfile is corrupted what will happen to the database how to recover it.

controlfile is corrupted is database goes down,

for recover:

shut abort
cd /u01/siva/oradata
cp control01.ctl control02.ctl
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup

3.if having 5 controlfile, one of controlfile is deleted then what will happen to
the database.

datbase goes down.

4.how to make multiplexing and duplexing.

a) duplex

show parameter contro_files;

shut immediate
cd $ORACE_HOME/dbs
vi initsiva.ora
control_files=/u01/siva/oradata/control.ctl,/u01/siva/oradata/control02.ctl
:wq!
cd /u01/siva/oradata
cp control.ctl control02.ctl

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup

b)multiplex

show parameter contro_file;

shut immediate
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
vi initsiva.ora
contro_files=/u01/siva/oradata/control01.ctl,/u01/siva/oradata/control02.ctl,/u01/s
iva/oradata03.ctl

5.how to take controlfile trace backup.

alter database backup controlfile to trace 'locaton';

6.what is use of controlfile record keep time.

it will keep rman backup information

7. how to recover the controlfile from trace backup.

vi alert_siva.log

8.wheater manually we can write the controfile or not.

yes we can write the manually controlfile

4.TOPIC Redolog filemanagement

1. how to add a redolog group.

alter database add logfile group 3 '/u01/siva/oradata/group3a.log' size 200m;

2.how to add a member already existing group.

alter database add logfile member '/u01/siva/oradata/group3b.log' to group3;

3.how to resize a redolog group.

note: directly is not possible

4.how to drop a group.

alter database drop logfile member '/u01/siva/oradata/group3b.log;

5.how to check the status of a group.

desc v$ log
desc v$logfile

6.how to check member details in a group.

v$logfile

7.if one current redolog file is corrupted then what happens to the database.

databae will down

8.if one inactive redolog file is corrupted then what happens to the database.

alter databae clear unarcived logfile group no

5. TOPIC Pfile & spfile

1.differnt between spfile and pfile.

pfile:

if you create a database using manual method then pfile will be created it is in
oracle_home/dbs location.with the name intsiva.ora. it is in human readble format

spfile:

if you created a database using graphical(dbca) then spfile will be created it is

in oracle_home/dbs.with the name spfilesiva.ora.it is in binary format. it is not
in human readble format.

2.how to check database using pfile and spfile.

show parameter pfile;

3. if both pfile and spfile remove then what will happened to already running
database.

nothing happened

4.if the pfile and spfile remove then how to recover.

if pfile and spfile is remove onthat time create pfile from memory,create spfile
from memory.

5.explain about scope=both,spfile memory

scope=memory

alter system set memory_target=500m scope=memory;

if you use scope=memory then the parameter value will change.But it will not change
permanently

scope=spfile

alter system set memory_target=500 scope=spfile;

if you use scope=spfile now it will not change onces you shutdown and startup then
only it will change that to permanently it will chang

scope=both

alter system set memory_target=500 scope=both

if you use scope=both without downtime the parameter value will change that to
permanently will change

6.how to check the parameter is static or dynamic .

v$paramater or v$spparameter or isinstance_modifable(if true come that is dynamic
if false come that is static)

7.what are the manadetory parameter in pfile.

db_name=siva

8.what are manadetory parameter in asm pfile.

a. instance_type
b.db_unique_name
c.asm_diskgroup
d.asm_preferred-read_failure_group

9.how to change parameter in pfile and spfile.

for pfile:

shut immediate
cd $ORACLE_home/dbs
vi inisiva.ora
-------------
------------
------------
:wq!
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup

10.how to create pfile from spfile and spfile from pfile

1.pfile create pfle from spfile

2.spfile create spfile from pfile

11.how to re-create if both spfile and pfile.

create pfile from memory

create spfile from memory

6. TOPIC Backups

1.what is differnt types of backup.

a.logical backup
b.physical backup
c.rman backup

2. differnce between export and import datapump.

export=exp is a utility by using exp we can take the backup

 full databas backup
schema level backup
table level backup
query level backup
import=imp is a uyility by using imp we can create the backup

full database backup

schema level backup
table level backup
datapump= from oracle 10g onwards datapump is implemented

3. why datapump is faster than normal export/import.

a.datapump is faster due to parallelism.

b. datapump is more advanced.

c. datapump is direct path export which is Oracle Data block. Exp uses SQL level
extraction.

d. Exp,imp runs on client side, but expdp and impdp runs on server side.so we have
much control compared to traditional exp,imp !

4.how to take a backup in tablelevel using by datapump and export/import.

datapump for tablelevel

expdp siva/sisva directory=deva dumpfile=abc.dmp logfile=abc.log tables=emp

export for table level

exp siva/siva file=abc.dmp log=abc.log tables=emp

import for table level

imp siva/siva file=abc.dmp log=abc.log fromuse=siva to user=ram tables=epm

5.how to take a backup in schema level using by datapump and export/import.

schema level backup fro datapump

expdp system/manager directory=siva dumpfile=abc.dmp logfile=abc.log full=y

schema level backup for export

expdp system/manager file=abc.dmp log=abc.log owner=deva

schema level backup for import

imp system/manager file=abc.dmp log=abc.log fromuser=siva touser=deva

Note:it should be a new database

create all the necessary tablespace

 create all the users with same name and give required privilages

6.what is using consistent.

consistent=N while taking backup if u do only kind of transctions in that table

that also it is going take backup

consistent=y once u start the backup up to that time what are data exists in that
table that only it will take backup

7.how to increase backup speed of datapumps.

if you increse parallesium then automitically backup will speedup.

8.how to stop/start the jobs in datapumps.

for stop the job

stop_job

for start the job

start_job

9. why datapump is server side processing.

10.what are advantages of datapumps.

a.datapumps is faster than traditional export/import

b.we can stop the job and we can start the job at any time

c.datapump is 100% server side processing

d.in datapumps while importing we no need to create users

e.if you increase parallesium then automatically backup will sppedup

f.in datapumps we can estimate the dumpfile size

11.how to import schema using (datapumps & export/import).

12.how to import table using (datapumps & export/import).

7. TOPIC Hotbackup

1.how to take hotbackup.

from tablespace level and database level take hot backuup

2.what are advantages of in hot backup

advantage hot backup

it will support in 24*7 support environment

disadvantage hot backup

schema level
table level
query level
space issue(archive log space issue)

3.why archive will generative more while taking hotbackup

if keep tablespace begin backup mode then the archives will generative

4.what type of backups your using in your environment

Rman backup's , logical backup

8. TOPIC RMAN

1.how many types of backup in rman

two types of backup in rman

a.offline cold backup

b.online hot backup
2.differnt b/w incremental backup and cummulative backup

incremental backup:

cumulative backup:

note: previous backup backup should be full or cummalitive

3.differnce b/w absolate backup and expired backup

absolete backup: when the rman retention policy is completed then the backup pieces
will come to obsolete
expired backup: if some one removed the backup pieces in o.s level, then in rmana
repository it is existing when we cross check the backupiece then removed piece
will come expired

4.how to recover block corruption

Rman target /

recover datafile 5 block 12345;

5.how to restore and recover if any of the datafile corrupted

6.how to take rman cold backup

rman cold backup: In database mount state we need to take the rman backup is
called offline backup

7.how to increase the speed of incremental level 1 backup

By enabaling block change tracking

8.if you enable block change tracking what kind of background process will come

CTWR( change track writer)

9.11g new feature in rman

report failure,advise failure,repair failure

10.if one datafile is corrupted and their is no backup how to recover it

recreate the datafile by using alter

recover the datafile

11.by using rman how to create a clone database

By using duplicate target command

12.how to check last backup success or failure

v$rman_status

13.how to check last backup when it is completed

v$rman_backup_job_details

14.what is use of autobackup on

for use autobackup is it will take controlfile and also take spfile

15.what is use of apptimizer on or off.

optimizer on:if want take full database backup and also it will take modified
datafiles

16.what is rman

Rman is oracle utility which is used to backup restore & recover of database

9. TOPIC Networking

1.how to check the listener status

lsnrctl status lis_siva

2.how to check the tnsping or not

tnsping tns_siva

3. how to check stop listener

lsnrctl stop lis_siva

4.how to configure listener and tns

two ways of configure listener and tns

for listener
1.manual method
2.graphical method(netca,netmgr)

pre-requests

a.IPadress or hostname
b.port number (4 digit 1256)
c.database name

for tns
1.manual method
2.graphical (netmgr,netca)

pre-requests

a.listener ip adress
b.port(same listener port number)
c.database name

5.where is the location of listener file in normal file system using database and
asm using database

$oracle_home/network/admin
$grid_home/network/admin

10. TOPIC Database Architure

1.what are mandatory backgrond process for a database

a.DBWR(DATABASE WRITER)
B.LGWR(LOG WRITER)
C.CKPT(CHECKPOINT)
D.SMON
E.PMON

2.what is use of large_pool_size

large_poll_size:it is used for rman block information and also it is used for ASM

3.explain select query how to perform

4.explain updatae query how to perform

5.if any of the mandatory background process is killed how happen the database.

if any of the mandatory background process is killed database is goes down

6.differnce b/w the ASmm &Amm.

ASMM:its a 10g feature it is used for sga_target

Amm: its a 11g feature it is used memory_target

7.what is use of smon and pmon.

for smon use is roll forward and roll backward

roll forward:An commited data is missing from redologfile to pick and kepp in
datafile
roll backward: roll backward is from undotablespace it pick the uncommited data and
keep in datafile
for pmon: pmon is a background process it is going to release the lock releated to
the user when he exit from the database and also it will release space in sga.

two types of lock

row level lock

table level lock

8.what is use of DBWR,LGWR,CKPT.

DBWR:it will write all the modified blocks from database buffer cache to datafile

when DBWR will invoke:

a.

9.explain Architure

10.if arch mount point 100% what will happen of the database.

database goes to hang state it will not allow the users to establish the
connections

11.what is the use of mman and mmon.

mman: dynamically allocating space to SGA components

mmon: it will generated the snapshots

12.what is use of reco background process.

it used to perform the rollforward and rollbackward from one database to another
database

13.what kind of blocks in database buffer cache contains.

pinnels blocks
free blocks
used blocks
modified blocks

14.what is use of shared_pool.

15.differnce between sga_target pga_target.

sga nothing but memory

pga is a sorting purpose and it contain session informaton

16.sga components

database buffer cache

redolog buffer cache
shared pool, large pool starem pool,java pool

17.how to enable archive mode and how to diable archive mode.

alter database archive log;

alter databse noarchivelog;

18.how to check how many db writers running and how many db writers keep.

show parameter db_writer_process

19.what kind of informatiom controlfile contains.

Physical locatoin logfile

db name
db id
log information
sequence of checkpoint information
20.how to check how much we can increase the memory_target.

show parameter memory

11. TOPIC ASM(Automatic storage system)

1.what are background process in asm.

Rbal,arbn,asmb

2.what is use of asm.

asm is a volume manager asm uses diskgroup to store datafiles asm provide stripping
and mirroring

3.explain about redundancy.

redundancy nothing but duplicate copies

4.explain about stripping.

stripping means dividing the data to all disks equally

5.in O.S level how to check diskgroup group.

oracleasm lis disks

6.how to configure asm.

oracleasm configure -i

7.differnce between 10g asm and 11g asm

8.

9.how to check asm rpms is installed or not.

rpm -qa |grep oracle asm

10.how to installed rpms.

rpm -Uvh oracleasm.rpm

11. what are mandotary rpms for asm.

asm_lib & asm_support

12.what is use of asm-power-limit.

it will improve the performance or rebalancing

13.how to check diskgroup size in asm level.

asmcmd>lsdg

14.how to add a disk to the diskgroup.

15.how to drop a disk from the diskgroup.

alter diskgroup data dropdisk v2;

16.which background process will perform rebalancing.

rbal background process

17.if asm is down then what will happen to the database.

database goes down

18.how to mount to the diskgroup.

alter diskgroup diskgroupname mount;

19.what are views we using inasm.

v$asm_disk
v$asm_diskgroup
v$asm_clients

20.how to check asm is upper running or not

ps-ef |grep pmon

21.what kind of backup we can take in asm database

rman backup

22.how to configure asm for standlone database.

12. TOPIC DATACARD

1.how to configure dataguard.

2.what are the mandotary background process in dataguard.

mandotary background process is LNS,MRP,RFS.

LNS=LNS is background process it is going to transfer the archives from primary to

standby.

RFS= RFS is a background process it is going to receive the archives and it is

going to store in the standby side.

MRP=MRP is a background process it is going to apply the archives to standby.

3.how to check archive gap.

v$archive_gap

select * from

4.if archive not able transfer to the standby database what are reasons.

Network issue,primary archive are deleated,listerner down

5.differnt between logical standby and physical standby.

logical standby: in logical standby we can open standby in read,write mode but here
archives converted into logical format and apply

Physical standby:physical standby is nothng but it will transfer the archives

primary to standby.in 11g physical standby read only in 10g physical standby mount
stage to apply the archives

6.11g features in dataguard.

active dataguard
snapshot standby
realtime apply

7.differnce b/w active dataguard and snapshot standby.

active dataguard:it is read only mode so archives will apply

snapshot standby:it is read -write mode,so archives will not apply & mrp will not
work

8.how to perform switch over.

9.how to perform failover

10.what kind of errors you find in dataguard.

archive gap
heartbeat failed
not able to connect to stanadby database

11.explain about modes in dataguard

Max protection,max performance,max avilibity

12.how to convert max-performance mode to max protection mode.

alter database set standby database to maximum protection;

13.explain about fall_client and fall_server.

in order to resolve the archive gap, oracle has introduced fal (fetch archive gap)

14.how to check MRP mode is enable or not.

ps-ef |grep mrp

15.how to check RFS is running or not.

v$managed_standby;

16.explain about standby redologfiles.

for protection purpose we use standby redolog's no data loss

it is used in max.protection &max avilibility

17.differnce between dataguard and rac.

dataguard:it is active-passive
rac: it is active-active

18.what are mandatory parameters in dataguard.

db_name,db_unique_name,fal_client,fal_server,standby_file_management

19.the archive has to transfer to the standby but it has to apply after one hour
how to perform.

by using delay parameter

log_archive_dest_2='Service=-'lgwr affirm delay=1440

20.what is use of sync affirm and async noaffirm.

21.differnce b/w dataguard for a two node rac.

dataguard:all users are connect to primary database only standby is idle state

rac:if 2 node rac there some users connect to node 1 some users connect to node 2
22. how to apply a patch in dataguard.

23.how to perform a upgradation in dataguard

24.how to stop archives transferring from primary database to standby database

25. iam add one datafile in primary database wheather i need to add datafile in
standby also or not

26.iam add one datafile in primary database and stsandby database but their is no
space what it will happen.

1st keep the standby file_ management=manual after that it will store in dbs
location with unamed file.next stop the mrp and recreate the file by using alter
database create datafile 'old locaton to new location after that start thr mrp &
keep staandby_file_management=auto

27.what are mandatory view using in dataguard.

v$archive_gap,v$archive_log

28.How many types of dataguards.

Two types of dataguard 1.physica standby dataguard 2.logical standby dataguard.

13. TOPIC PATCHES

1.how many types of patches.

interium patch,one of patch,c.p.u patch,p.s.u patch

2.how to apply patch in steps.

3.differnce between C.P.U & P.S.U.

c.p.u=critical patch utility it will fix the bugs

P.s.u= c.p.u + security

4.how to check online patch or offline patch.

opatch query is_online_patch

readme.html

5.in which view we can check the patch is applied to the database or not, what kind
of patch we applied when it is applied.

o.s patch lsinventory

database level:registry$history

6.how to apply a group of patches at a time.

opatch -n apply

7.we have applied P.S.U patch then wheater we can apply C.P.U patch or not.

no
8.we have applied C.P.U patch then wheater we can apply P.S.U patch or not.

yes

9.what is use of interium patch and oneof patch.

10.what kind of patch apply recently.

p.s.u

11.how to rollback a patch.

12.what are pre-requests applying a patch.

a.sqlplus / as sysdba
b.exit
c. check archive log mode for rman backup
d.rman target /
e.backup database include current controlfile plus archive log;
f.exit
g.shut immediate
h.stop listeners
i.oracle home back
h. cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
tar -cvf abc.txt
tar -xvf abc.txt

14. TOPIC Performance Tuning

1.if a query is running slow what are thing we need to check

for database level

network issue
tablespace thresold value
statistics
fragmentation
partion
alert log file
for os level
iostart
sar or top

2.if database is running slow what are things we need to check

for database level

alert log file

network issue
awwr report
addmr report
sga(memory_target)

for os level

top or sar
iostart

3.how to check statics status

dba_tables

4.how to rebuild the index.

if want reduced the fragementation index then we need the rebuild the indexes

5.how to check tablelevel fragmentation

dba_tables,dba_objects

6.how to generate AWR report

@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql

7.how to generate ADDMR report

@?/rdbms/admin/addmrpt.sql
8.differnce b/w awwr report and addmr report

for awwr report

which query is run and how many users is connect how many transuctions is held and
users how many commits all infomation have in awwrt report but not show
recommendations awwrr report

for addmr report

addmr report is show recomendations for issues.

9.explain about top five events

a) buffer busy event:

b)free buffer space;
c)redo free space:
d)direct path read;
e)direct path write:

10.explain about TK-Proof.

it will convert trace file into human readble format

15.TOPIC OS LEVEL PARAMETERS

1.How to check ram size

free-m

2.how to check how many cpu runnings in O.s level

top

3.how to check the database running in O.S level

ps-ef|grep pmon

4.how to check how many database configure in server.

cat /etc/oratab

5.how to check the kernel version.

show parameter resource_limit=true

alter system set resource-limit=true;

6.how to check the o.s version

cat /etc/issue

7.how to change ownership to directory

chown -R 777 oracle:oinstall app

8.how to change permission to existing directory.

chmod -R 777 directory

9.how to copy the files from one server to another server.

use cp command or scp command

10.what is the use of grip command

grep is nothing but search

11.how to check how many cpu in server

cat /etc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/cpuinfo

16.Topic RAC (REAL APPLICATION CLUSTER)

1.how to configure two node rac database

2.how to add a node to an existing rac database

3.rac 11g new feature.

OHASD,scan listener, olr$grep

4.how to stop a single node in rac database.

crsctl stop crs

5.explain demonds in rac database

a.OHASD
B.CRSD
C.CSSD
D.CTSSD
E.EVMD

B.CRSD=cluster ready service demon cresd is a process it is going to start all the
cluster resource based on the ocr files

6.explain about cache fusion.

it is going to transfer the blocks from one node to another node through private
interconnections

7.how to take backup of ocr and voting disks.

every 4 hrs crsd is process it is going take backup of olr & voting disk otherwise
we can do manually by using ocrconfig -manual backup

8.how to restore the ocr file from backup.

ocrconfig -restore backuppiece

9. what is use of voting disks.

it contain voting information of each & every node, and also node membership
information

10.what is use of ocr and olr.

ocr contains cluster configuration resource information for each & every node
olr contains cluster configuration resource information for particular node.
11. iam having three ocr files and one ocr file is corrupted then what will happen
cluster.

cluster will work fine

12.iam having three voting one of voting disk is corrupted then what will happen
cluster.

cluster will work fine

13.how to check the ocr and voting disk backup location.

ocrconfig -show backup

14.how to change the ocr and voting disk backup locaton.

ocrconfig -backup location

15.how to stop the database instances.

srvctl stop database -d -siva

16.how to stop the asm instanace.

srvctl stop asm -n node 1

17.how to check the local lsterner and scan listerner status in cluster database

srvctl status listener

srvctl status scan_listener

18.how to check all cluster resource status

crsctl status resource -t

19.how to check the cluster service in running or not

crsctl stat -t

20.what is node evition

when node to node private interconnections is not happen then node evation will
occur

21.what is use of rac database

high avalibility,performance,scalibility

22.what is use of scan listener

automatic load balancing

23.how to check how many nodes configured in cluster

olsnode -n

24.how to check master node

by seeing cssd.log we can check master node

25.in three node rac database if master node is stopped then which node become a
master node

then existing available node will become as master node

26.how to add new service in rac database

srvctl add service -d dbname -s servicename -r preferred list -a available

27.how to check the service status in rac database

srvctl status service -d dbname -s service name

28.how to relocate the service from one node to another node

srvctl relocate service -d db_name -s service name -i inst_name -t target_inst

29.how to apply patch in rac database.

opatch apply local

three ways apllying the patch on rac database
1.rollling patch
2.minimal downtime patch
3.complete down time patch

30.how to convert non asm database to asm database.

what is SCN

system change number