2010 International Conference on Power System Technology

New Challenges to Power System Planning and

Operation of Smart Grid Development in China
Zhang Ruihua, Du Yumei, Liu Yuhong

Abstract--The future development trend of electric power grid I. INTRODUCTION

is smart grid, which includes such features as secure and reliable,

W
efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and
ITH the increasing pressure on environmental
compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on. The protection, energy conserving and persistence develops
concept and characteristics of smart grid are introduced in this improves gradually required for society. At the same time,
paper. On the basis of practical national situation, the power market-oriented development consistently and provide
development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese
higher electric energy reliability and quality are required for
characteristics are proposed. Smart grid development in china is
consumer_ It require that the future smart grid must can to
bases on information technology, communication technology,
computer technology with the high integration with
provide secure, reliable, clean, high quality power supply, is
infrastructure of generating, transmission and distribution able to adapt to various of electric power generation, need
power system. Besides, smart grid development in china brings being able to adapt to highly become market-oriented electric
forward many new challenge and requirements for power system power exchange especially, acting on selfs own being able to
planning and operation in 9 key technologies as below: adapt to customer especially chooses need, further, improve
1. Planning and construction of strong ultra high voltage
the ample power grid assets utilization efficiency and
(UHV) power grid
2. Large-scale thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power
beneficial result, provide higher quality service. For this
bases integration of power grid purpose, many countries without exception look upon smart
3. Large-scale renewable energy sources integration of power grid as future development direction of power grid [1-4].
grid On the basis of present situation and practical condition,
4. Distributed generation and coordinated development of the the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese
grids of various voltage ratings
characteristics are proposed. The imbalance in the distribution
5. Study on smart grid planning and developing strategy
6. Improve the controllability of the power grid based on
of energy resources and the development of regional
power electronics technology. economic requires the high efficient development of energy
7. Superconductivity, energy storage and other new resource in western region to satisfy the electricity demand of
technologies widely used in power system whole country. Besides, the limitation of environmental
8. Power system security monitoring, fast simulation, capacity confines conventional coal-fired thermal power in
intelligent decision-making and comprehensive defense
East China, which requires a new model of power supply,
technology
9. The application of emergency and restoration control
which will carry out large-scale power flows and balance
technology in power system between regions [5].
In response to the challenge, this paper presents the main The power system condition in different areas of China is
research contents, detailed implementation plan and anticipated very different. The condition of China's energy and electricity
goals of above 9 key technologies. Some measures and load distribution to determine the long-distance large scale
suggestions for power system planning and operation of smart
power transmission will be the direction of the development
grid development in China are given in this paper.
of China's power system_ So, this determined the smart grid of
Index Terms-- smart grid, power system planning, power
China with the common characters of smart grid, it with the
system operation, key technologies, large-scale power bases, unique characters of large sending ends, large receiving ends,
information and communication technology, computer large power transmission grid [6-9].
technology. Smart grid development in china is bases on information
technology, communication technology, computer technology
with the high integration with infrastructure of generating,
transmission and distribution power system [10-13]. Smart
grid development in china addresses many new challenge and
Zhang Ruihua is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese
requirements for power system planning and operation in 9
Academy of Sciences(CAS), Beijing 100190, China (E-mail:
[email protected]). key technical aspects. To response the challenge, the paper
DU Yumei is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese presents main research contents and key technologies in the
Academy ofSciences(CAS), Beij ing 100190, China area of power system planning and operation, and proposed
Liu Yuhong is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese
Academy ofSciences(CAS), Beijing 100190, China
detailed implementation procedure and anticipated goals.

978-1-4244-5940-7/10/$26.00©2010 IEEE
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Finally, some measures and suggestions for power system ( 4) Optimization: The power grid can improve power
planning and operation about China smart grid development supply reliability and security to meet electricity demand in
are given in the paper. digital age. The optimal cost to provide qualified electricity to
the community. Smart grid can optimize utilization of assets,
reduce investment costs and operation and maintenance costs.
II. DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID Quality of power meets industry standards and consumer
needs. Provide various level of power quality for the range of
A. The Definition of Smart Grid
needs.
Based on physical power grid, smart grid is a new type ( 5) Interactive: interaction and real-time response to the
power grid which highly integrates modern advanced power market and consumers, which improves service. Mature
information techniques, communication techniques, computer wholesale market operations in place, well integrated
science and techniques with physical grids. It has many nationwide and integrated with reliability coordinators. Retail
advantages, such as improving energy efficiency, reducing the markets flourishing where appropriate. Minimize transmission
impact to environment, enhancing the security and reliability congestion and constraints.
of power supply and reducing the power loss of the electricity (6) Self-healing: The power grid has capabilities such as
transmission network and so on. real-time & on-line security assessment and analysis, powerful
The objectives of smart grid are: fully satisfy customer control system for early warning and prevention control,
requirements for electrical power, optimize resources automatic fault diagnosis, automatic fault isolation and system
allocation, ensure the security, reliability and economic of self-recovery capability. Self-Healing and adaptive to correct
power supply, satisfy environment protection constraints, problems before they become emergencies. Predictive rather
guarantee power quality and adapt to power market than reactive, to prevent emergencies ahead rather than solve
development. Smart grid can provide customer with reliable, after. Resilient to attack and natural disasters with rapid
economical, clean and interactive power supply and value­ restoration capabilities.
added services. (7) Flexible and Compatible: The power grid can support
B. The Characteristics of Smart Grid correct, reasonable integration of renewable energy sources
and it is suitable for integration of distributed generation and
Smart grid holds the promise that the power sector can go
micro power grid. Besides, it can improve and enhance the
"green" by not simply reducing the use of dirty power
generation methods but instead become a system that can take function of demand side management to achieve the efficient
interaction capability with users. Accommodate all generation
more aggressive measures to lower greenhouse gas emissions
and storage options. Very large numbers of diverse distributed
through efficient integration of renewable energy sources.
Smart grid that focus on improving demand-side management generation and storage devices deployed to complement the
for energy and promoting renewable energy could be a large generating plants.
(8)Integrated: Unified platform and models are used on
transformational force that redefines the way people view
energy generation, transmission and consumption, in that such the power grid. It can achieve a high degree of integration and
grids would encourage active engagement by the broader information sharing of power grid, and to achieve standard,
society, not just power sector specialists. normative and refined management, which integrates the
Smart grid mainly has features as secure and reliable, infrastructure, processes, devices, information and market
efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and structure so that energy can be generated, distributed, and
compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on [14-15]. consumed more efficiently and cost effectively. Thereby
achieving a more resilient, secure and reliable energy system.
( 1) Secure and Reliable: The power grid is still to
Integrated to merge all critical information.
maintain the power supply capacity to the users, rather than a
large area power outage when big disturbances on the power
grid, faults, natural disasters and extreme weather conditions,
III. SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA
or man-made damage happen.
( 2) Efficient and Economical: The power grid can A. Necessities of Constructing China's Smart grid
improve the economic benefits through technological
(1) Rapid growth of economy and society require to
innovation, energy efficient management, orderly market
construct strong and reliable, efficient and economical
competition and related policies. The power grid is in support
power grid
of the electricity market and power transactions effectively to
Power grid is the important infrastructure of energy.
achieve the rational allocation of resources and reduce power
Chinese economy will remain high-growth in the future,
losses and finally to improve the efficiency of energy.
China's energy and electricity demand over a longer period of
( 3) Clean and Green: a large-scale of renewable energy time to maintain a rapid growth in the basic pattern, as well as
sources can be fed into the grid which will reduce the the distribution of primary energy resources, uneven
potential impact on the environment. distribution and productivity of the basic national conditions,
objectively determine the need to implement long-distance,
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large-scale transmission, walking across the country home electricity machine and so on. It will promote not only
optimization resource allocation path. Therefore, there is need the development of relative industry but also the technology
to construct strong and reliable, efficient and economical innovation and equipment creation for intelligent building,
power grid. intelligent home and intelligent transportation.
(2) Global resource environment pressure require to
B. Basis oj Constructing China's Smart grid
construct resource-saving and environmentally-friendly
power grid
The basic development goal of power grid is to form a
A smart grid is an inevitable choice for China to address security and economical power grid. Constructing smart grid
issues in its power industry and develop a lower-carbon firstly depend on strong physical power grid. China speeding
economy. Much of China's power is generated by dirty coal up the construction the power grid with UHV grid as
plants. The government has stated that it wants to clean up its backbone and subordinate grids coordinated development at
act by boosting renewable power generation to 15 percent of all levels. In the technical and institutional, equipment
the total power supply by 2020. Chinese smart grid proposals manufacturing and project put into practice aspects has laid
call for the integration of renewable power sources, including down solid basis for the development of smart grid [16].
wind and solar. The current power grid isn't able to efficiently China pays more attention to research and project
integrate intermittent power generation from wind turbines or implementation, many achievements in smart grid have been
solar panels. accomplished in China. To be specific, China has already
In order to optimize the energy structure, improve energy research and implementation in following technical aspects:
Generation link: In the power generation link includes
efficiency and improve the climate adaptability, the state has
intensified the development on wind, solar and other distributed generation, renewable energy generation, generator
renewable energy. Especially for the large-scale renewable and power system coordinate operation, and energy-saving
energy base in the "Three North" area, the local demand is not oriented dispatching technology and auto-generation control.
Transformation link: In the power transformation link
large enough to consume all local electricity, it's necessary to
transmit the electricity through long-distance grid to load includes UHV AC and UHV DC transmission, FACTS, digital
center. Generally, due to the intermittence and fluctuation of substation technology, PMU-based WAMS, DMS, state­
renewable energy, formulation and implementation of oriented maintenance and so on.
Distribution and supply link: In the power distribution
accurate power generation plan is impossible, which challenge
the request the present ability on power acceptance and and supply link includes distribution automation system and
optimizing resource allocation. feeder automation system, custom power, auto-metering,
(3) Various generation options require to construct Automation measurement technology and electric automobile
open and transparent, friendly and interactive power grid
charge power station construction and so on.
Dispatching link: In the Dispatching link, much research
With the improving of future Chinese electrification level,
power generation enterprises and customers will have higher and application have been carried out, such as next generation
requirements for service quality and principles. In order to dispatch technology supporting system, four main dispatch
guarantee the power production and transmission, power application platforms, dispatch technology of energy-saving
generation enterprises require power grid to provide reliable, generation, online early warning and coordinated security and
efficient and flexible power integration. Electrical power defense technology, integrated model management, massive
customers will be able to flexibly choose power supply modes, information process technology, intelligent visualization,
need interaction between power grid to realize high efficient dispatch defense technology for extreme disaster.
Information building link: In the information building
economical power utilization, and be capable to send
distributed energy power to power grid in the right time to link includes construction of system information collection,
realize clean and efficient energy utilization. load management system, automatic meter reading system and
(4 ) The development of power and relative industry other related systems. After promoting of marketing
require to construct power grid with leading technology
information work for many years, the coverage of users with
and equipment
electricity collected automatically improves every year, scope
Depending on technology innovation, constructing unified and effect of the system is in gradual expansion, it has played
strong smart grid is the development direction of power grid an active role in the company's marketing, production and
of china. Many advanced technologies and advanced safety management. Many electricity companies are making
equipment will be applied in constructing smart grid, a themselves more digital and information-wise, which also
substantial platform can be established for the stable and contributes to smart grid construction.
secure operation of grids and improve the strength of the C. Development Goals oJ China's Smart grid
grids' primary systems. It can upgrade the manufacture
The general development goals of China smart grid is
technology of power equipment and control technology of
speed up construction of a strong power grid with UHV power
power grid. The development of smart grid involved
grid as backbone, coordinated development of power grid at
technology and products in many fields of information,
all voltage levels, with information technology, digitization,
communication, power equipment manufacture, intelligent
automation, interactive features into independent innovation,
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the world's leading strong smart grid. voltage levels and in combination of advanced information,
To achieve this goal, the State Grid Corporation of China communication and control technologies and the advanced
in accordance with unified planning, unified standard, pilot managerial philosophy [17-18].
first, as a whole to promote the principle of speeding up the
construction by the UHV AC transmission lines and ±800kV,
±1000kV DC transmission lines constitute a UHV backbone IV. NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER SYSTEM PLANNING OF
power grid to achieve coordinated development of the power SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHI NA
grid at all voltage levels around the power generation, The development of smart grid in china bring forward
transmission, substations, power distribution, supply, many new challenges and requirements for power system
dispatching and other major links and information building, in planning in 5 key technical aspects, which are analyzed in this
phases to promote the development of strong smart grid. section, detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals are
D. Characteristics of China's Smart Grid proposed. 5 key technical aspects are as follows:

Chinese smart grid framework could be different from the A. Planning and Construction of Strong UHV Power Grid
rest of the world. This is due to the relatively primitive Research content: Construct the UHV power grid
structure at the distribution ends, the extensive development structure to meet the requirements of smart grid development.
ofUHV transmission in recent years, and also the unique asset The structure must have strong adaptive ability, high
ownership and management structure in China. reliability and security, strong ability to resist failure for the
China's specific national conditions determined the smart integration of the multifarious large-scale power generation,
grid of China with the common characters of smart grid, and can provides a flexible and easy network infrastructure
besides, it has own unique characters. These characteristics as conditions for the stability control system. Study of the smart
below: power grid structure with the flexible energy exchange ability
(1) Large sending ends. Based on intensive exploitation of and the operating conditions adjust ability that can achieve the
large-scale thermal power, hydro power, nuclear power and effective management and efficient use of resources by
renewable energy base, build a strong and smart guide adjusting power network, and can continuously improve the
constructed of UHV power networks as the backbone economic benefits of the power grid.
according to the general requirements of a reliable efficient Study the HVDC planning for the receiving-end of the
self-adjustable grid. The strong and smart grid will greatly power system, propose the configuration principles for the
optimize the allocation of resources, improve the service intelligent dynamic reactive power compensation devices and
quality and achieve flexible integration of different sources the planning indices of the HVDC that can improve the
and loads. voltage stability in the multi-infeed HVDC power system.
(2) Large power transmission grid. The Smart Grid Forecasting the load, the installed capacity and the power flow
initially proposed in the world is to promote intelligence and scale on the base of the analysis to economic and social
automation for distribution system. The shortage of electric development and the energy resources distribution in our
power supply in China is still a challenge, so construction for country. Demonstrate the major technical problems that
a strong national transmission networks to realize the electric should be considered during the construction process of the
power transmission from the west to the east and the mutual strong and reasonable UHV network structure. Study the
supply between the south and the north is still the main task. various factors which will affect the development of UHV
In China, to develop a smart transmission grid should be network with the current technology and the current
ranked in a priority. Smart transmission grid includes both the development status of the power network.
construction of a strong UHV grid and the development of the Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on
smart dispatch and control technologies. the UHV power development strategy, and the rational
(3) Large receiving ends. In China, the electricity price structure of UHV power network. The second stage will fully
was not opened to follow the electricity market, so the room research the way of the large power base integration to UHV
for demand side management and costumer participation is power network, the main factors which will affect the multi­
limited. Therefore Smart Grid in China has a much different infeed HVDC power system, the planning for the receiving­
connotation compared with that used in west countries. end of multi-infeed HVDC power transmission system, and
The smart grid with Chinese characteristics are the means other pivotal technologies. The third stage will fully build the
and modes to realize grid asset efficient management, enlarge strong UHV network that can meet the demand of the smart
grids' capability to serve both electricity producers and grid.
electricity users, make rational developing planning strategies Targets: Present the particular configuration of the UHV
and optimize system operation under the conditions of network that can meet the special needs of the future smart
continuously lowering costs, improving efficiency and grid. Guide the coordinated and sustainable development to
benefits and bettering the reliability and availability of the the power grid in our country.
whole power systems, with UHV power grid as backbone and
the coordinated development of the power grid of various
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B. Large-Scale Ordinary Power Bases Integration of Power power transmission and distribution planning at all levels;
System Study the planning method for the coordinated development
Research content: Smart grid development in china of UHVIEHV power grid; study the planning principles for
require to study on security and stability, control measures and regional power grid that are adapt to the development ofUHV
integration patterns of large-scale hydropower or thermal power grid; study the influence of HVDC power in-feed and
power bases connecting to power systems. Study the security the development of regional EHV power grid; study the
stability and control technology of the HVDC islanded principles and the time of looping-off for UHVIEHV
sending mode. Study coordinated control strategy of AC/DC electromagnetic loop; study the coordinated planning for
system to improve system stability and the interactions UHVIEHV power grid that can improve grid stability and
between the integrated huge wind farms and the power grid. inhibit the short circuit current.
The factors which impact on large power supplies integration Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on

of power system are analyzed. the analysis methods for the distributed power supply system
Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on performance, and the coordinated development of the power
compare the various integration patterns of large power transmission and distribution at all levels. The second stage
supplies to power grid. The second stage will fully research will fully research the interaction mechanism between the
coordinated control strategy of AC/DC system to improve distributed power supply system and the power grid, and the
system stability. The third stage will propose integration planning method for the coordinated development of UHV /
patterns and control measures of large power supplies to EHV power grid. The third stage will propose the standards
power grid satisfied to the requirement of smart grid. and test specifications for the distributed power grid­
Targets: Propose the principles optimized integration connection running.
patterns of large power supply integration to power grid. Targets: Propose the planning methods for the coordinated

Enhance generators and power grid coordinate operation, to development of the transmission and distribution network,
ensure power system safely and economical operation. optimize the network resources and improve the safety and
reliability of the power supply, and promote the orderly
C. Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources Integration of
development of distributed power supply, and promote the
Power System
coordinated development of the power grid at all levels.
Research content: Study and summarize the electricity
E. Study on Smart Grid Planning and Developing Strategy
production features of various renewable energy sources (such
as wind power, photovoltaic power generation). Research content: After fully knowing the characteristics
Analyze the influence, the interaction and the technologies of smart grid development at home and abroad, and the
that must be considered when the large-scale renewable development needs and supporting capacity for intelligence,
energy production with different characteristics integration to development direction and problems of our smart grid will be
the power grid. analyzed, investigated and researched further, in order to
Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on identify development goals and recognize obstacles in the
the influence when the large-scale renewable energy development process of smart grid. At the same time, we
production with different characteristics integration to the should pay more attention to the study of developing strategy
power grid. The second stage will fully study the interaction for smart grid in combination with China's specific national
and the technologies that must be considered when the large­ conditions. In the strategic planning, the positions, developing
scale renewable energy production integration to the power frameworks and measures will be clarified. The development
grid. The third stage will study the reasonable delivery scale roadmap and goals of China's smart grid adaptable to the
of the renewable energy base and the reasonable delivery marketization, especially in the scenario of power market,
proportion of the renewable energy and the conventional should be studied. Study on Power System Planning based on
energy and other storage systems such as pumped storage Reliability. The procedure of power system planning based on
device and flywheel energy storage device. reliability.
Targets: propose the system planning methods and the Implementation Plan: The first stage will mainly focus on
technologies that can meet the demands when the large the developing strategy for china future power grid, theory
renewable energy integration to the power grid. and method of strong smart grid planning, Power System
Planning based on reliability evaluation method and principle.
D. Distributed Generation and Coordinated Development of
The second stage will fully research the procedure of power
Transmission and Distribution Network
system planning based on reliability. The third stage will
Research content: Study the operating characteristics of develop theory and method structure of the smart grid
different distributed power generation and power supply planning that can meet the requirement of smart grid.
system, study the interaction mechanism between the Targets: Propose the concept and physical configuration of
distributed power supply system and the power grid. Study the advanced power grid, propose the planning methods for the
coordinated development at all levels of power transmission coordinated development of the power grid, and promote the
and distribution under the smart grid goals, and propose the coordinated development of the power grid at all levels.
design principles about the coordinated development of the
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superconducting power transmission technology, energy

storage and limiting.
V. NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER SYSTEM OPERAnON OF Focus on the practical energy storage materials and the
SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA application, including high-performance electrode materials
The smart grid development in china brings forward many for super-capacitor and its application technology in super­
new challenge and requirements for power system operation capacitors, practical application technology of hydrogen
in 4 key technical aspects analyzed in this section, detailed generation and energy storage.
implementation plan and anticipated goals are proposed. 4 key Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus on the

technical aspects are as follows: practical high temperature superconductor and energy storage
materials, and the application technology. The second stage
A. Improve the Controllability of the Power Grid Based on
will fully study the coordinated operation between
Power Electronics Technology
superconducting energy storage system and the power system,
Research content: Study the planning configuration of conduct experiments and demonstration project. The third
intelligent control device that can improve the controllability stage will achieve a large-scale application of the
and flexibility of the power grid, such as TCSC, CSR, superconductivity and energy storage system.
TCPS and UPFC. Study the new technology that can improve Targets: The superconductivity and energy storage
the power grid operating flexibility and self-healing nature of technologies are applied in large-scale, and play an important
power structures; study the electromagnetic transient role in the strong smart grid.
characteristics and the equipment specifications of FACTS
C. Power System Security Monitoring, Fast Simulation,
devices.
Intelligent Decision-Making and Comprehensive Defense
Implementation Plan: The first stage will mainly focus on
Technology
the technology that can improve the controllability of the
Research content: Study the network structure and the
power grid and the planning configuration of intelligent
control device in the power grid. The second stage will fully network monitoring scheme to meet the demands of electricity
research the application of the intelligent control device in the trading under the normal states and abnormal states.
power grid. The third stage will master the FACTS According to the requirements of the power transmission and
electromagnetic transient characteristics, and propose the the network security constraints, by using the modem
equipment specifications. information technology and analytical techniques and
monitoring methods, establish the smart grid construction and
Targets: Improve the controllability and observability of
the power grid with varieties of technical means. managements that can monitor the generator and power grid
status, construct and adjust the power grid, arrange and adjust
B. Superconductivity, energy storage and other new the operation. Study the network security and defense system
technologies Widely Used in Power System based on the intelligent decision-making, study the allocation
Research content: Study the theory about the matching of PMU based on the whole network static and dynamic
and the coordinated operation between superconducting observability and the recognition accuracy of instability, study
power equipments and power system, analyze the transient the configuration of the master and sub-station in the
process of the superconducting electrical equipments. Study centralized or distributed safety control systems based on
the power system dynamic stability with the superconducting WAMS.
power equipments. Study the coordinated control strategy and Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus on the
the energy management technology for the renewable energy configuration principles for PMU and the network security
generation and the energy storage hybrid system with different and defense system planning. The second stage will fully
control objectives and multi-objective optimization. Study the study the technologies including network security monitoring,
energy optimization control methods for the energy storage fast simulation, intelligent decision-making and integrated
system that can suppress the short-term and rapid fluctuations defense; then conduct experiments and demonstration project.
or the long-term power fluctuations of the large-scale The third stage will apply the network security monitoring
intermittent renewable energy power generation system. Study system.
the high capacity and fast energy storage technologies. Study Targets: Establish a network monitoring system with the
the optimal points and the configuration technologies for comprehensive security defense function that can meet the
storage equipments at systems-level. Study the relay function, requirements of the smart grid.
configuration, implementation, and tuning technology in the
D. The Application of Emergency and Recovery Control
power transmission systems and energy storage systems with
Technology in Power System
superconducting application
Focus on the practical high temperature superconducting Research content: Study the coordinated control
materials and the application, including the advanced technology for the complex failures and the different power
superconducting power equipments research and the system failure patterns. Study the adaptive optimization of the
application technologies, such as high-temperature recovery control technology. Study the application of new
 7

technology such as the complexity theory in the emergency arrangement. The existing power system, communication and
and the recovery control. automation standards should be integrated in one architecture
Study the on-line assistant decision-making technology for to form complete specifications and standards architecture
the large power grid recovery control under the multi-level based on unified strong smart grid.
scheduling coordinated control, and study the theory and (2) Depending on independent innovation, research and
analysis methods for self-healing recovery system in the large­ developing key technologies and equipment. Under unified
scale interconnected smart grid. organization and coordination, enhancing key technology and
Study the construction program and the pivotal equipment manufacture of UHV, intelligent control,
technologies for the power dispatch reserve control center and information, communication, new materials, energy storage
the emergency command system. Study the operation, technologies and so on. Follow up closely the development
maintenance and opening mechanisms of the power dispatch trend of global smart grid technology. Activate to adopt the
reserve control center and the emergency command system. advanced technology in the world. Depending on independent
Study the data synchronization for the primary reserve and the innovation, combine the theory with practical, rely on the pilot
mutual reserve technology. Study the scientific and reasonable project to research and develop key technologies and
region and pattern for the reserve dispatch control. equipment manufacturing.
Implementation Plan: The first stage will master the
evolution of the power failures and blackouts under extreme
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VIII. BIOGRAPHIES

ZHANG Ruihua is an associate professor in the

Institute of Electrical Engineering at Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. She
received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering
from Institute of Electrical Engineering at CAS in
2004. Her research interests include electric power
electronic technology and power system analysis.

Du Yumei is a professor in the Institute of Electrical Engineering at Chinese

Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. Her research interest is electric
motor and its application in power system.

Liu Yuhong is an engineer in the Institute of Electrical Engineering at

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. Her research interest is
electric power electronic technology.