Structural Elements Design Review

Structural Design Report

for

Extended 2 Story Structure

26/06/2019
Supun Jayawardhane
Supun j @ Upwork.com
Structural Design Report
Structural Design Report

1. INTRODUCTION
Mr. Abdul sought the assistance to conduct a design report for the two story structure. This
report is to elaborate the design calculations and cross sections. Design was conducted
according to euro code standards.

2.0 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

Our scope is to conduct a structural element design. Objectives of the task are mentioned
below.

1. Developing 3D model from Finite Element Software

2. Load Pattern determinations
3. Application of Material properties and loads
4. Element Design Calculations
6. Providing Sections and Drawings

3.0 PRELIMINARIES
Loads were extracted from the given structural drawings and summary of loads are
mentioned in Table 1.

Dead Loads
Self-weights were derived based on elements dimensions and material properties. The
super imposed dead loads and live loads were assessed based on the floor usage and
architectural floor plans of the building.

Live Loads

Live Loads were defined according to the provided structural drawings and by verifying with
the eurocode standards.
Structural Design Report

Table 1: Imposed and Super Dead Load Types

Loading purpose Loading Type Value ( kN/m2)

Office Area Live Load 2.5
Residential Floors Live Load 2
Reception Hall ( C) Live Load 2.5
Brick Weight Super Imposed Load 19 (kN/m3)
Finishers Super Imposed Load 1
Roof Dead Super Dead Load 0.75
Roof Live Live Load 1

Loading Combinations

Total Dead Load (DL) was calculated from the sum of self-weight of element and
corresponding superimposed loads. Live load (LL) was calculated with corresponding live load
value. Ultimate Loading Combination According to Australian code was taken as follows.

Ultimate Limit State Load Combination : 1.2 DL+ 1.5 LL

Serviceability Limit State Load Combination: 1.0 DL + 1.0 LL

Figure 1: Beam and Column Identification

Structural Design Report

Roof Load Distribution Pattern

Loading Patterns and areas for beam elements

Loading Area for B1

Structural Design Report

Loading Area for B3

Loading Area for B4

Structural Design Report

Loading Area for B6

Loading Area for B7

Structural Design Report

Loading Area for B8

Loading Area for B9

Structural Design Report

Minimum Beam Element Section Calculation

STEEL MEMBER B1 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 254x146x31

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 254x146x31
Area 40 cm2
Major moment of inertia 4413 cm4 Shear area Ay 23 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 448 cm4 Shear area Az 15 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 3 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.531 m
Span 2 4.483 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Structural Design Report

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 69 GlobalZ
te m
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 8m 11.4 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 8m 2 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 8m 2.87 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.8 GlobalZ
B1 Imposed Absolu 2.375 8m 5.8 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.4 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)
-88.7

35.4
54.1
Structural Design Report

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

103

22.5

-63

-128.8

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B1 - Span 1 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x146x31 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 8.6 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only
Structural Design Report

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 219 mm
c / tw = 36.5 = 39.5   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 62.5 mm
c / tf = 7.3 = 7.9   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 39 = 42.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 22.5 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1637 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 259.9 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.087
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 2375 mm along span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 39 = 42.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 85.9 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1637 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 259.9 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.33
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 35.4 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 108.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.327
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.562
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 3.171
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3531 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 365.6 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.544
Structural Design Report

Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4

LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.635
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.942
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.810
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 108.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.327
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design at end of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 39 = 42.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 128.8 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1637 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 259.9 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.496
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 88.7 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 108.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.821
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.562
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 3.171
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_B = 3531 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 365.6 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.544
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.635
Structural Design Report

LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.942
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.810
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 108.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.821
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1772 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 3.7 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.8 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.379
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

B1 - Span 2 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x146x31 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 8.6 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 219 mm
c / tw = 36.5 = 39.5   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 62.5 mm
Structural Design Report

c / tf = 7.3 = 7.9   <= 9  ; Class 1

Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 39 = 42.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 103 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1637 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 259.9 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.396
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 88.7 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 108.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.821
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.694
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 2.078
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s2_seg1_B = 4483 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 165.3 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.809
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.815
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.812
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.847
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.959
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 103.7 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.856
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2775 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 54.1 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 108.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.501
Structural Design Report

PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.694
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 2.078
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s2_seg1_T = 4483 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 165.3 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.809
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.815
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.812
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.847
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.959
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 103.7 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.522
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2553 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 9.8 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s2 / 360 = 12.5 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.789
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B2 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 152x89x16

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Structural Design Report

Section type - UB 152x89x16

Area 20 cm2
Major moment of inertia 834 cm4 Shear area Ay 12 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 90 cm4 Shear area Az 7 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 1.375 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed

Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B2 Permanent Ratio 0.5 44.4 GlobalZ
Structural Design Report

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B2 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B2 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.21 GlobalZ
B2 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.95 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B2 design
Section details
Section type; UB 152x89x16 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 7.7 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Structural Design Report

Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

7.7
UB 152x89x16 (BS4-1)
Section depth, h, 152.4 mm
Section breadth, b, 88.7 mm
Mass of section, Mass, 16 kg/m
Flange thickness, tf, 7.7 mm
Web thickness, tw, 4.5 mm
Root radius, r, 7.6 mm
Area of section, A, 2032 mm2
Radius of gyration about y-axis, iy, 64.074 mm

152.4
Radius of gyration about z-axis, iz, 21.016 mm
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, W el.y, 109483 mm3
Elastic section modulus about z-axis, W el.z, 20237 mm3
4.5 Plastic section modulus about y-axis, W pl.y, 123256 mm3
Plastic section modulus about z-axis, W pl.z, 31180 mm3
Second moment of area about y-axis, Iy, 8342621 mm4
Second moment of area about z-axis, Iz, 897506 mm4
7.7

88.7

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92

Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)

Width of section; c = d = 121.8 mm
c / tw = 27.1 = 29.3   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 34.5 mm
c / tf = 4.5 = 4.8   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 137 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 30.4 = 32.9   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 45.8 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
818 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 129.8 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.353
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 688 mm along span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 137 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 30.4 = 32.9   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 30 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
818 mm2
Structural Design Report

Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 129.8 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.231
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 26 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 33.9 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.768
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 1375 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 100.6 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.581
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.657
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.926
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.973
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.952
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 32.3 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.807
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 688 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 2.7 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 3.8 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.714
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

STEEL MEMBER B3 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 305x127x42

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 305x127x42
Area 53 cm2
Major moment of inertia 8196 cm4 Shear area Ay 27 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 389 cm4 Shear area Az 25 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 5.17 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Load combination

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Default (Strength) 1.3 1.3 1.5
5 5 0
Default (Service) 1.0 1.0 1.0
0 0 0
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 0.5 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 0.6 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.2 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.2 GlobalZ
B3 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

59.6

-59.6
Structural Design Report

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B3 design
Section details
Section type; UB 305x127x42 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 12.1 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92

Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)

Width of section; c = d = 265.2 mm
c / tw = 33.2 = 35.9   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 49.2 mm
c / tf = 4.1 = 4.4   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1
Structural Design Report

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 283 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 35.4 = 38.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 59.6 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
2644 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 419.8 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.142
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 2585 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 77.1 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 168.7 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.457
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 5170 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 95.5 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 1.329
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; c
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.49
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 1.390
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.461
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.987
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.467
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 78.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.978
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2585 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 12.8 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 14.4 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.893
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

STEEL MEMBER B4 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS

Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 356x171x57

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 356x171x57
Area 73 cm2
Major moment of inertia 16038 cm4 Shear area Ay 40 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 1108 cm4 Shear area Az 29 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 6m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

7.84

7.84
Structural Design Report

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B4 Permanent Absolu 5.17 m 26.67 GlobalZ
te
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B4 Permanent Ratio 0 1 5.7 GlobalZ
B4 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.84 GlobalZ
B4 Permanent Ratio 0 1 4 GlobalZ
B4 Imposed Ratio 0 1 7.84 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Structural Design Report

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B4 design
Section details
Section type; UB 356x171x57 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 13 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports plus 5170 mm

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 311.6 mm
c / tw = 38.5 = 41.6   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 71.9 mm
c / tf = 5.5 = 6   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1
Structural Design Report

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 332 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 41 = 44.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 93.3 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3149 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 500 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.187
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 3169 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 147.9 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 277.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.532
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.95
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.108
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 5170 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 235.4 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 1.086
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; c
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.49
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 1.111
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.588
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.979
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.600
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 166.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.886
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design at end of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 332 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 41 = 44.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 119.3 kN
Structural Design Report

Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =

3149 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 500 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.239
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 3049 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 17.2 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 16.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 1.0
Pass - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B5 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 254x146x37

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 254x146x37
Area 47 cm2
Major moment of inertia 5537 cm4 Shear area Ay 29 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 571 cm4 Shear area Az 16 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 2.755 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)
Structural Design Report

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B5 Permanent Absolu 1.2 m 86 GlobalZ
te
B5 Permanent Absolu 2.375 74 GlobalZ
te m
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B5 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Structural Design Report

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B5 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x146x37 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 10.9 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

UB 254x146x37 (BS4-1)
Section depth, h, 256 mm
Section breadth, b, 146.4 mm
Mass of section, Mass, 37 kg/m
Flange thickness, tf, 10.9 mm
Web thickness, tw, 6.3 mm
Root radius, r, 7.6 mm
Area of section, A, 4717 mm2
Radius of gyration about y-axis, i y, 108.347 mm
Radius of gyration about z-axis, iz, 34.783 mm
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Wel.y, 432562 mm3
Elastic section modulus about z-axis, Wel.z, 77957 mm3
6.3 Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Wpl.y, 483231 mm3
Plastic section modulus about z-axis, Wpl.z, 119374 mm3
Second moment of area about y-axis, Iy, 55367902 mm 4
Second moment of area about z-axis, Iz, 5706456 mm4

146.4

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 219 mm
c / tw = 34.8 = 37.6   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 62.5 mm
c / tf = 5.7 = 6.2   <= 9  ; Class 1
Structural Design Report

Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 37.2 = 40.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 101.2 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1759 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 279.3 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.362
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1200 mm along span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 37.2 = 40.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 82.1 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1759 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 279.3 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.294
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 110 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 132.9 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.828
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 2755 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 267.3 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.705
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.738
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.867
Structural Design Report

Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =

0.971
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.893
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 118.7 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.926
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design at end of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 37.2 = 40.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 158.6 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1759 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 279.3 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.568
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Shear reduction factor - cl.6.2.8(3); y,v = (2  Vy,Ed / Vpl,y,Rd - 1)2 = 0.018

Check design 1362 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 7.2 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 7.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.945
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B6 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 254x146x37

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 254x146x37
Area 47 cm2
Major moment of inertia 5537 cm4 Shear area Ay 29 cm2
4
Minor moment of inertia 571 cm Shear area Az 16 cm2
Structural Design Report

Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.484 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed

Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B6 Permanent Absolu 1.12 m 43 GlobalZ
te
Structural Design Report

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B6 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B6 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.8 GlobalZ
B6 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.6 GlobalZ
B6 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B6 Imposed Ratio 0 1 5.2 GlobalZ
B6 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.1 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B6 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x146x37 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 10.9 mm
Structural Design Report

Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2

Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

UB 254x146x37 (BS4-1)
Section depth, h, 256 mm
Section breadth, b, 146.4 mm
Mass of section, Mass, 37 kg/m
Flange thickness, tf, 10.9 mm
Web thickness, tw, 6.3 mm
Root radius, r, 7.6 mm
Area of section, A, 4717 mm2
Radius of gyration about y-axis, i y, 108.347 mm
Radius of gyration about z-axis, iz, 34.783 mm
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Wel.y, 432562 mm3
Elastic section modulus about z-axis, Wel.z, 77957 mm3
6.3 Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Wpl.y, 483231 mm3
Plastic section modulus about z-axis, Wpl.z, 119374 mm3
Second moment of area about y-axis, Iy, 55367902 mm 4
Second moment of area about z-axis, Iz, 5706456 mm4

146.4

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 219 mm
c / tw = 34.8 = 37.6   <= 72  ; Class 1

Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)

Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 62.5 mm
c / tf = 5.7 = 6.2   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 37.2 = 40.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 100.2 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1759 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 279.3 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.359
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1208 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 90.5 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 132.9 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.681
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Structural Design Report

Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling

Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3484 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 183.6 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.851
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.848
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.789
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.970
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.813
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 108 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.838
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1668 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 9.8 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 1.0
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B7 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 254x102x28

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Structural Design Report

Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012

C -1

Section type - UB 254x102x28

Area 36 cm2
Major moment of inertia 4005 cm4 Shear area Ay 18 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 179 cm4 Shear area Az 16 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.475 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.7 GlobalZ
B7 Imposed Ratio 0 1 4.5 GlobalZ
B7 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

58

-58

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Structural Design Report

Partial factors - Section 6.1

Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B7 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x102x28 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 10 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

UB 254x102x28 (BS4-1)
Section depth, h, 260.4 mm
Section breadth, b, 102.2 mm
Mass of section, Mass, 28.3 kg/m
Flange thickness, t f, 10 mm
Web thickness, t w, 6.3 mm
Root radius, r, 7.6 mm
Area of section, A, 3608 mm 2
Radius of gyration about y-axis, i y, 105.353 mm
Radius of gyration about z-axis, i z, 22.245 mm
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, W el.y, 307582 mm3
Elastic section modulus about z-axis, W el.z, 34939 mm3
6.3 Plastic section modulus about y-axis, W pl.y, 352807 mm3
Plastic section modulus about z-axis, W pl.z, 54850 mm3
Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 40047130 mm4
Second moment of area about z-axis, I z, 1785380 mm4

102.2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 225.2 mm
c / tw = 35.7 = 38.7   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 40.3 mm
c / tf = 4 = 4.4   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 240.4 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 38.2 = 41.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 58 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1779 mm2
Structural Design Report

Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 282.5 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.205
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1738 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 50.4 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 97 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.519
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3475 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 70.1 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 1.176
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; c
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.49
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 1.209
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.538
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.978
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.549
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 53.3 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.945
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1737 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 7.9 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.816
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

STEEL MEMBER B8 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 254x102x28

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 254x102x28
Area 36 cm2
Major moment of inertia 4005 cm4 Shear area Ay 18 cm2
4
Minor moment of inertia 179 cm Shear area Az 16 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.475 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.2 GlobalZ
B8 Imposed Ratio 0 1 4.5 GlobalZ
B8 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

55.1

-55.1

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

Structural Design Report

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B8 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x102x28 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 10 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

UB 254x102x28 (BS4-1)
Section depth, h, 260.4 mm
Section breadth, b, 102.2 mm
Mass of section, Mass, 28.3 kg/m
Flange thickness, t f, 10 mm
Web thickness, t w, 6.3 mm
Root radius, r, 7.6 mm
Area of section, A, 3608 mm 2
Radius of gyration about y-axis, i y, 105.353 mm
Radius of gyration about z-axis, i z, 22.245 mm
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, W el.y, 307582 mm3
Elastic section modulus about z-axis, W el.z, 34939 mm3
6.3 Plastic section modulus about y-axis, W pl.y, 352807 mm3
Plastic section modulus about z-axis, W pl.z, 54850 mm3
Second moment of area about y-axis, I y, 40047130 mm4
Second moment of area about z-axis, I z, 1785380 mm4

102.2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 225.2 mm
c / tw = 35.7 = 38.7   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 40.3 mm
c / tf = 4 = 4.4   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 240.4 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 38.2 = 41.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 55.1 kN
Structural Design Report

Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =

1779 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 282.5 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.195
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1738 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 47.9 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 97 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.494
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3475 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 70.1 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 1.176
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; c
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.49
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 1.209
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.538
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.978
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.549
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 53.3 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.899
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1737 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 7.5 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.776
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B9 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex
Structural Design Report

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UB 254x146x37

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UB 254x146x37
Area 47 cm2
Major moment of inertia 5537 cm4 Shear area Ay 29 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 571 cm4 Shear area Az 16 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 4.275 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

2.2511.4

2.2511.4
11.6

11.6

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1 GlobalZ
B9 Imposed Ratio 0 1 4.5 GlobalZ
B9 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.3 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Structural Design Report

Partial factors - Section 6.1

Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B9 design
Section details
Section type; UB 254x146x37 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 10.9 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

UB 254x146x37 (BS4-1)
Section depth, h, 256 mm
Section breadth, b, 146.4 mm
Mass of section, Mass, 37 kg/m
Flange thickness, tf, 10.9 mm
Web thickness, tw, 6.3 mm
Root radius, r, 7.6 mm
Area of section, A, 4717 mm2
Radius of gyration about y-axis, i y, 108.347 mm
Radius of gyration about z-axis, iz, 34.783 mm
Elastic section modulus about y-axis, Wel.y, 432562 mm3
Elastic section modulus about z-axis, Wel.z, 77957 mm3
6.3 Plastic section modulus about y-axis, Wpl.y, 483231 mm3
Plastic section modulus about z-axis, Wpl.z, 119374 mm3
Second moment of area about y-axis, Iy, 55367902 mm 4
Second moment of area about z-axis, Iz, 5706456 mm4

146.4

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 219 mm
c / tw = 34.8 = 37.6   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 62.5 mm
c / tf = 5.7 = 6.2   <= 9  ; Class 1
Section is class 1

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 234.2 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 37.2 = 40.2   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 66.5 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
1759 mm2
Structural Design Report

Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 279.3 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.238
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 2138 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 71.1 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 132.9 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.535
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 4275 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 135.4 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.991
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.969
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.705
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.972
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.725
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 96.4 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.738
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2137 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 11.9 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 11.9 mm
y / y,Allowable = 1.006
Pass - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

Preferable Beam Element Section Calculation

STEEL MEMBER B1 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UC 305x305x97
Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 3 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.531 m
Span 2 4.483 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Structural Design Report

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

5.8

5.8
5.8

5.8
2.4

2.4
2.4

2.4
X

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 69 GlobalZ
te m
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 8m 11.4 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 8m 2 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Permanent Absolu 2.375 8m 2.87 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.8 GlobalZ
B1 Imposed Absolu 2.375 8m 5.8 GlobalZ
te m
B1 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.4 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)
Structural Design Report

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B1 - Span 1 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only
Structural Design Report

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 23.7 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.042
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 2375 mm along span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 86.9 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.154
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 35.6 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.081
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.562
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 3.162
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3531 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 6365 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.262
Structural Design Report

Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4

LT <LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling can be ignored

Check design at end of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 130.8 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.231
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 90.2 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.206
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.562
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 3.162
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_B = 3531 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 6365 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.262
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT <LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling can be ignored

Check design 1786 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 0.8 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.8 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.079
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

B1 - Span 2 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2
Structural Design Report

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 105.3 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.186
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 90.2 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.206
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.698
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 2.052
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Structural Design Report

Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2

Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s2_seg1_B = 4483 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 2730.8 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.4
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.560
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
1.000
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.897
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.206
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2771 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 55.6 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.127
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.698
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 2.052
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s2_seg1_T = 4483 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 2730.8 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.4
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.560
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
1.000
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.897
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Structural Design Report

Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.127
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2546 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 2 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s2 / 360 = 12.5 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.164
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B2 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97
Z
1 2
1.375
X
1

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UC 305x305x97
Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 1.375 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)
0.95

0.95
Structural Design Report

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

44.4
11.4

11.4
2.21

2.21
Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B2 Permanent Ratio 0.5 44.4 GlobalZ
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B2 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B2 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.21 GlobalZ
B2 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.95 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)
Structural Design Report

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

46.5

-46.5

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B2 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2
15.4
307.9

15.4

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only
Structural Design Report

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 46.5 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.082
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 688 mm along span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 30 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.053
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 26.3 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.06
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 1375 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 13541.7 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.18
Structural Design Report

Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4

LT <LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling can be ignored

Check design at end of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 46.5 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.082
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 688 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 0.1 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 3.8 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.035
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B3 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1

Section type - UC 305x305x97

Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Structural Design Report

Spans
Span 1 5.17 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed

Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 0.5 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 0.6 GlobalZ
B3 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.2 GlobalZ
B3 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.2 GlobalZ
B3 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
Structural Design Report

Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

62

-62

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B3 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2
Structural Design Report

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 62 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.11
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 2585 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 80.1 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.183
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
Structural Design Report

C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 5170 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 1189.3 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.607
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.673
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.914
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.972
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.940
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 411.6 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.195
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2585 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 4.9 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 14.4 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.341
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B5 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1

Section type - UC 305x305x97

Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Structural Design Report

Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2

Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 2.755 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)
0.95

0.95
Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed

Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B4 Permanent Absolu 1.2 m 86 GlobalZ
te
B4 Permanent Absolu 2.375 74 GlobalZ
te m
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B4 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
Structural Design Report

Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

Partial factors - Section 6.1

Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B4 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2
Structural Design Report

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 102.3 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.181
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1200 mm along span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 82.3 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Structural Design Report

Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.145

PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 110.7 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.253
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 2755 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 3576.6 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.35
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT <LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling can be ignored

Check design at end of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 159.7 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.282
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1355 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 1.9 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 7.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.242
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection

STEEL MEMBER B5 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97
Structural Design Report

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C -1

Section type - UC 305x305x97

Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.484 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m,kN)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member point loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start
(kN)
B5 Permanent Absolu 1.12 m 43 GlobalZ
te
Member UDL loads
Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B5 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B5 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.8 GlobalZ
B5 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.6 GlobalZ
B5 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B5 Imposed Ratio 0 1 5.2 GlobalZ
B5 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.1 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

Structural Design Report

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B5 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1

Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)

Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2
Structural Design Report

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 101.6 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.18
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1220 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 91.6 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.209
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3484 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 2333 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.433
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.576
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.987
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.978
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.209
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1666 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 2.5 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.259
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

STEEL MEMBER B7 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UC 305x305x97
Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.475 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
B7 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.7 GlobalZ
B7 Imposed Ratio 0 1 4.5 GlobalZ
B7 Imposed Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

59.6

-59.6
Structural Design Report

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B7 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1

Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)

Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2
Structural Design Report

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 59.6 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =
3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.105
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1738 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 51.8 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.118
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3475 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 2343.8 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.432
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.576
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.987
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.978
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.118
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1737 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 1.5 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.152
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

STEEL MEMBER B8 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UC 305x305x97
Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
4
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 3.475 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
B8 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.2 GlobalZ
B8 Imposed Ratio 0 1 4.5 GlobalZ
B8 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

56.7

-56.7

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

Structural Design Report

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B8 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2
15.4
307.9

15.4

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1
Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)
Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 56.7 kN
Structural Design Report

Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) =

3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.1
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 1738 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 49.3 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.113
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 3475 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 2343.8 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.432
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.576
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.987
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.978
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.113
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 1737 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 1.4 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 9.7 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.145
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

STEEL MEMBER B9 ANALYSIS & DESIGN (EN1993-1-1:2005)

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

ANALYSIS
Geometry
Geometry (m) - Steel (EC3) - UC 305x305x97

Material - Steel (EC3)

Density 7850 kg/m3 Youngs Modulus 210 kN/mm2
Shear Modulus 80.8 kN/mm2 Thermal Coefficient 0.000012
C-1
Section type - UC 305x305x97
Area 123 cm2
Major moment of inertia 22249 cm4 Shear area Ay 85 cm2
Minor moment of inertia 7308 cm4 Shear area Az 30 cm2
Support conditions
Support 1 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Support 2 X Fixed Z Fixed Rotationally
Free
Spans
Span 1 4.275 m
Loading
Self Weight - Loading (kN/m)

Permanent - Loading (kN/m)

Structural Design Report

Imposed - Loading (kN/m)

Load combination factors

Self Weight

Permanent

Imposed
Load combination

Default (Strength) 1.35 1.35 1.50

Default (Service) 1.00 1.00 1.00

Member UDL loads

Member Load case Position Load Orientati
on
Type Start End
(kN/m
)
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 11.4 GlobalZ
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1.6 GlobalZ
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 2.25 GlobalZ
B9 Permanent Ratio 0 1 1 GlobalZ
B9 Imposed Ratio 0 1 4.5 GlobalZ
B9 Imposed Ratio 0 1 1.3 GlobalZ
Results
Forces
Strength combinations - Moment envelope (kNm)

Strength combinations - Shear envelope (kN)

68.2

-68.2
Structural Design Report

Service combinations - Deflection envelope (mm)

;
Partial factors - Section 6.1
Resistance of cross-sections; M0 = 1
Resistance of members to instability; M1 = 1
Resistance of tensile members to fracture; M2 = 1.1

B9 design
Section details
Section type; UC 305x305x97 (BS4-1)
Steel grade - EN 10025-2:2004; S275
Nominal thickness of element; tnom = max(tf, tw) = 15.4 mm
Nominal yield strength; fy = 275 N/mm2
Nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity; E = 210000 N/mm2

Lateral restraint
Both flanges have lateral restraint at supports only

Consider Combination 1 - Default (Strength)

Classification of cross sections - Section 5.5
 = [235 N/mm2 / fy] = 0.92
Internal compression parts subject to bending - Table 5.2 (sheet 1 of 3)
Width of section; c = d = 246.7 mm
c / tw = 24.9 = 27   <= 72  ; Class 1

Outstand flanges - Table 5.2 (sheet 2 of 3)

Width of section; c = (b - tw - 2  r) / 2 = 132.5 mm
c / tf = 8.6 = 9.3   <= 10  ; Class 2
Section is class 2
Structural Design Report

Check design at start of span

Check shear - Section 6.2.6
Height of web; hw = h - 2  tf = 277.1 mm;  = 1.000
hw / tw = 28 = 30.3   /  < 72   / 
Shear buckling resistance can be ignored
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 68.2 kN
Shear area - cl 6.2.6(3); Av = max(A - 2  b  tf + (tw + 2  r)  tf,   hw  tw) = 3562 mm2
Design shear resistance - cl 6.2.6(2); Vc,y,Rd = Vpl,y,Rd = Av  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 565.6 kN
Vy,Ed / Vc,y,Rd = 0.121
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force

Check design 2138 mm along span

Check bending moment - Section 6.2.5
Design bending moment; My,Ed = 72.9 kNm
Design bending resistance moment - eq 6.13; Mc,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd = W pl.y  fy / M0 = 437.8 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.167
PASS - Design bending resistance moment exceeds design bending moment
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling
Correction factor - Table 6.6; kc = 0.94
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.132
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Unrestrained effective length; L = 1.0  Lm1_s1_seg1_T = 4275 mm
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz / L2  (Iw / Iz + L2  G  It / (2  E
 Iz)) = 1632.1 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = (W pl.y  fy / Mcr) = 0.518
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.4
LT >LT,0 - Lateral torsional buckling cannot be ignored
Check buckling resistance - Section 6.3.2.1
Buckling curve - Table 6.5; b
Imperfection factor - Table 6.3; LT = 0.34
Correction factor for rolled sections;  = 0.75
LTB reduction determination factor; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +  LT2] = 0.621
LTB reduction factor - eq 6.57; LT = min(1 / [LT + (LT2 -  LT2)], 1, 1 /LT2) =
0.953
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc)  [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.975
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1 / LT2) = 0.977
Design buckling resistance moment - eq 6.55; Mb,y,Rd = LT,mod  Wpl.y  fy / M1 = 427.9 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,y,Rd = 0.17
PASS - Design buckling resistance moment exceeds design bending moment

Check design 2137 mm along span

Check y-y axis deflection - Section 7.2.1
Maximum deflection; y = 3.1 mm
Allowable deflection; y,Allowable = Lm1_s1 / 360 = 11.9 mm
y / y,Allowable = 0.259
PASS - Allowable deflection exceeds design deflection
Structural Design Report

Beam B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
Minimu
m
Section

Prefered
Section

UC 305x305x97 UC 305x305x97 UC 305x305x97 UC 305x305x97

Structural Design Report

Beam B6 B7 B8 B9
Minimum
Section

Prefered
Section

UC 305x305x97 UC 305x305x97 UC 305x305x97 UC 305x305x97

Structural Design Report

STEEL COLUMN AND BASE PLATE DESIGN (EN1993)

STEEL COLUMN DESIGN

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009 and the
UK national annex

Column details
Column section UC 152x152x30
Steel grade S275
Yield strength fy = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate strength fu = 410 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity E = 210 kN/mm2
Poisson’s ratio  = 0.3
Shear modulus G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80.8 kN/mm2
Column geometry
System length for buckling about major axis Ly = 3000 mm
System length for buckling about minor axis Lz = 3000 mm
The column is not part of a sway frame in the direction of the minor axis
The column is not part of a sway frame in the direction of the major axis
Column loading
Axial load NEd = 90 kN (Compression)
Moment about major axis at end 1 - Bottom My,Ed1 = 50.0 kNm
Moment about major axis at end 2 - Top My,Ed2 = 10.0 kNm
Single curvature bending about major axis
Moment about minor axis at end 1 - Bottom Mz,Ed1 = 0.0 kNm
Moment about minor axis at end 2 - Top Mz,Ed2 = 0.0 kNm

Shear force parallel to major axis Vy,Ed = 10 kN

Shear force parallel to minor axis Vz,Ed = 0 kN
Buckling length for flexural buckling about major axis
End restraint factor; Ky = 1.000
Buckling length; Lcr_y = Ly  Ky = 3000 mm
Buckling length for flexural buckling about minor axis
End restraint factor; Kz = 1.000
Structural Design Report

Buckling length; Lcr_z = Lz  Kz = 3000 mm

Web section classification (Table 5.2)
Coefficient depending on f y;  = (235 N/mm2 / fy) = 0.924
Depth between fillets; cw = h - 2  (tf + r) = 123.6 mm
Ratio of c/t; ratiow = cw / tw = 19.02
Length of web taken by axial load; lw = min(NEd / (fy  tw), cw) =50.3 mm
For class 1 & 2 proportion in compression;  = (cw/2 + lw/2) / cw = 0.704
Limit for class 1 web; Limit1w = (396  ) / (13   - 1) = ;44.93
The web is class 1
Flange section classification (Table 5.2)
Outstand length; cf = (b - tw) / 2 - r = ;65.6; mm
Ratio of c/t; ratiof = cf / tf = 6.98

Limit for class 1 flange; Limit1f = 9   = 8.32

Limit for class 2 flange; Limit2f = 10   = 9.24
Limit for class 3 flange; Limit3f = 14   = 12.94
The flange is class 1
Overall section classification
The section is class 1
Resistance of cross section (cl. 6.2)
Shear parallel to major axis (cl. 6.2.6)
Design shear force; Vy,Ed = 10.0 kN
Shear area; Avy = 2  b  tf - (tw + 2  r)  tf = ;2671; mm2
Plastic shear resistance; Vpl,y,Rd = Avy  (fy / (3)) / M0 = 424.0 kN
Vy,Ed / Vpl,y,Rd = 0.024
PASS - Shear resistance parallel to major axis exceeds the design shear force
Vy,Ed <= 0.5Vpl,y,Rd - No reduction in fy required for bending/axial force
Compression (cl. 6.2.4)
Design force; NEd = 90 kN
Design resistance; Nc,Rd = Npl,Rd = A  fy / M0 = 1052 kN
NEd / Nc,Rd = 0.086
PASS - The compression design resistance exceeds the design force
Bending about major axis (cl. 6.2.5)
Design bending moment; My,Ed = max(abs(My,Ed1), abs(My,Ed2)) = 50.0 kNm
Section modulus about major axis; W y = Wpl.y = ;247.7; cm3
Design resistance; Mc,y,Rd = W y  fy / M0 = 68.1 kNm
My,Ed / Mc,y,Rd = 0.734
PASS - The bending design resistance about the major axis exceeds the design moment
Combined bending and axial force (cl. 6.2.9)
Ratio design axial to design plastic resistance; n = abs(NEd) / Npl,Rd = 0.086
Ratio web area to gross area; a = min(0.5, (A - 2  b  tf) / A) = 0.249
Bending about major axis (cl. 6.2.9.1)
Design bending moment; My,Ed = max(abs(My,Ed1), abs(My,Ed2)) = 50.0 kNm
Plastic design resistance; Mpl,y,Rd = Wpl.y  fy / M0 = 68.1 kNm
Modified design resistance; MN,y,Rd = Mpl,y,Rd  min(1, (1 - n) / (1 - 0.5  a)) = 68.1
kNm
My,Ed / MN,y,Rd = 0.734
Structural Design Report

PASS - Bending resistance about major axis in presence of axial load exceeds design moment
Buckling resistance (cl. 6.3)
Yield strength for buckling resistance; fy = 275 N/mm2
Flexural buckling about major axis
Elastic critical buckling force; Ncr,y = 2  E  Iy / Lcr_y2 = 4026 kN
Non-dimensional slenderness; y = (A  fy / Ncr,y) = 0.511
Buckling curve (Table 6.2); b
Imperfection factor (Table 6.1); y = 0.34
Parameter ;  y = 0.5  [1 + y  (y - 0.2) +y2] = 0.684
Reduction factor; y = min(1.0, 1 / [ y + ( y2 -y2)]) = 0.879
Design buckling resistance; Nb,y,Rd = y  A  fy / M1 = 925.1 kN
NEd / Nb,y,Rd = 0.097
PASS - The flexural buckling resistance about the major axis exceeds the design axial load
Flexural buckling about minor axis
Elastic critical buckling force; Ncr,z = 2  E  Iz / Lcr_z2 = 1291 kN
Non-dimensional slenderness; z = (A  fy / Ncr,z) = 0.903
Buckling curve (Table 6.2); c
Imperfection factor (Table 6.1); z = 0.49
Parameter ;  z = 0.5  [1 + z  (z - 0.2) +z2] = 1.080
Reduction factor; z = min(1.0, 1 / [ z + ( z2 -z2)]) = 0.598
Design buckling resistance; Nb,z,Rd = z  A  fy / M1 = 629.3 kN
NEd / Nb,z,Rd = 0.143
PASS - The flexural buckling resistance about the minor axis exceeds the design axial load
Torsional and torsional-flexural buckling (cl. 6.3.1.4)
Torsional buckling length factor; KT = 1.00
Effective buckling length; Lcr_T = KT  max(Ly, Lz) = 3000 mm
; ;;
Distance from shear ctr to centroid along major axis; y0 = ;0.0; mm
Distance from shear ctr to centroid along minor axis; z0 = 0.0 mm
i0 = (iy2 + iz2 + y02 + z02) = 77.7 mm
T = 1 - (y0 / i0)2 = 1.000
Elastic critical torsional buckling force; Ncr,T = 1 / i02  (G  It + 2  E  Iw / Lcr_T2) = 2583 kN
Elastic critical torsional-flexural buckling force; Ncr,TF = Ncr,y/(2T)[1+Ncr,T/Ncr,y-[(1-Ncr,T/Ncr,y)2 +
4(y0/i0)2Ncr,T/Ncr,y]]
Ncr,TF = 2583 kN
Non-dimensional slenderness; T = (A  fy / min(Ncr,T, Ncr,TF)) = 0.638
Buckling curve (Table 6.2); c
Imperfection factor (Table 6.1); T = 0.49
Parameter ;  T = 0.5  [1 + T  (T - 0.2) +T2] = 0.811
Reduction factor; T = min(1.0, 1 / [ T + ( T2 -T2)]) = 0.762
Design buckling resistance; Nb,T,Rd = T  A  fy / M1 = 802.3 kN
NEd / Nb,T,Rd = 0.112
PASS - The torsional/torsional-flexural buckling resistance exceeds the design axial load
Minimum buckling resistance
Minimum buckling resistance; Nb,Rd = min(Nb,y,Rd, Nb,z,Rd, Nb,T,Rd) = 629.3 kN
NEd / Nb,Rd = 0.143
PASS - The axial load buckling resistance exceeds the design axial load
Structural Design Report

Buckling resistance moment (cl.6.3.2.1)

Lateral torsional buckling length factor; KLT = 1.00
Effective buckling length; Lcr_LT = KLT  Lz = 3000 mm
End moment factor;  = My,Ed2 / My,Ed1 = ;0.200
Moment distribution correction factor (Table 6.6); kc = 1 / (1.33 - 0.33  ) = 0.791
C1 = 1 / kc2 = 1.598
Curvature factor; g = [1 - (Iz / Iy)] = 0.824
Poissons ratio;  = 0.3
Shear modulus; G = E / [2  (1 + )] = 80769 N/mm2
Elastic critical buckling moment; Mcr = C1  2  E  Iz  [Iw / Iz + Lcr_LT2  G  It /(2  E 
Iz)]/(Lcr_LT2g)
Mcr = 274.9 kNm
Slenderness ratio for lateral torsional buckling; LT = [W y  fy / Mcr] =0.498
Limiting slenderness ratio; LT,0 = 0.40
Correction factor for rolled sections; r = 0.75
Buckling curve (Table 6.5); b
Imperfection factor (Table 6.1); LT = 0.34
Parameter  LT; LT = 0.5  [1 + LT  (LT -LT,0) +r LT2] = 0.610
Reduction factor; LT = min(1.0, 1/LT2, 1 / [ LT + ( LT2 - r LT2)]) =
0.961
Modification factor; f = min(1 - 0.5  (1 - kc) [1 - 2  (LT - 0.8)2], 1) =
0.915
Modified LTB reduction factor - eq 6.58; LT,mod = min(LT / f, 1, 1/LT2) = 1.000
Design buckling resistance moment; Mb,Rd = LT,mod  W y  fy / M1 = 68.1 kNm
Design bending moment; My,Ed = max(abs(My,Ed1), abs(My,Ed2)) = 50.0 kNm
My,Ed / Mb,Rd = 0.734
PASS - The design buckling resistance moment exceeds the maximum design moment
Combined bending and axial compression (cl. 6.3.3)
Characteristic resistance to normal force; NRk = A  fy = 1052 kN
Characteristic moment resistance about major axis; My,Rk = W pl.y  fy = ;68.1; kNm
Characteristic moment resistance about minor axis; Mz,Rk = W pl.z  fy = ;30.7; kNm
y = if(abs(My,Ed1)<=abs(My,Ed2), My,Ed1 / if(My,Ed2>=0 kNm,max(My,Ed2,0.0001 kNm),My,Ed2), My,Ed2 /
if(My,Ed1>=0 kNm,max(My,Ed1,0.0001 kNm),My,Ed1)) = 0.200
Moment distribution factor about major axis; y = My,Ed2 / My,Ed1 = ;0.200
Moment factor about major axis; Cmy = max(0.4, 0.6 + 0.4  y) = 0.680
Moment distribution factor about minor axis; z = Mz,Ed1 / Mz,Ed2 = ;0.000
Moment factor about minor axis; Cmz = max(0.4, 0.6 + 0.4  z) = 0.600
Moment distribution factor for LTB; LT = My,Ed2 / My,Ed1 = ;0.200
Moment factor for LTB; CmLT = max(0.4, 0.6 + 0.4  LT) = 0.680
Interaction factor kyy; kyy = Cmy  [1 + min(0.8,y - 0.2)  NEd / (y  NRk / M1)]
= 0.701
Interaction factor kzy; kzy = 1 - min(0.1, 0.1 z)NEd / ((CmLT - 0.25)(z 
NRk/M1)) = ;0.970
Interaction factor kzz; kzz = Cmz  [1 + min(1.4, 2 z - 0.6)NEd / (z  NRk /
M1)] = ;0.703
Interaction factor kyz; kyz = 0.6  kzz = 0.422
Section utilisation; URB_1 = NEd / (y  NRk / M1) + kyy  My,Ed / (LT  My,Rk / M1) + kyz  Mz,Ed /
(Mz,Rk / M1)
Structural Design Report

URB_1 = 0.632
URB_2 = NEd / (z  NRk / M1) + kzy  My,Ed / (LT  My,Rk / M1) + kzz  Mz,Ed /
(Mz,Rk / M1)
URB_2 = 0.884
PASS - The buckling resistance is adequate

COLUMN BASE PLATE DESIGN

In accordance with EN1993-1-1:2005 incorporating Corrigenda February 2006 and April 2009, and
EN1993-1-8:2005 incorporating Corrigenda December 2005, September 2006 and July 2009, and the
UK National Annex.
Tedds calculation version 2.0.01
50

50
500

25
Design forces
Design axial force (compression); NEd = 90 kN
Design shear force; VEd = 10 kN
Design moment; MEd = 50 kNm
Column Details
Column section; UC 152x152x30
Depth; D = 157.6 mm
Width; B = 152.9 mm
Flange thickness; T = 9.4 mm
Web thickness; t = 6.5 mm
Base plate details
Length; hp = 500 mm
Width; bp = 500 mm
Thickness; tp = 25 mm
Column eccentricity in x-axis; ebpx = 0 mm
Anchor details
Number of anchors LHS; n1 = 2
Edge distance in x-axis; ex1 = 50 mm
Edge distance in y-axis; ey1 = 50 mm
Number of anchors RHS; n2 = 2
Structural Design Report

Edge distance in x-axis; ex2 = 50 mm

Edge distance in the y-axis; ey2 = 50 mm
Anchor diameter; da,b = 24 mm
Foundation details
Foundation depth; tfnd = 500 mm
Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C25/30
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 30 N/mm2
Partial factor for concrete; c = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient; cc = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength; fcd = cc  (fck / c) = 14.17 N/mm2
Steel details
Base plate steel grade; S275
Base plate nominal yield strength; fyp_plt = 265 N/mm2
Base plate nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu_plt = 410 N/mm2
Column steel grade; S275
Column nominal yield strength; fyp_col = 275 N/mm2
Column nominal ultimate tensile strength; fu_col = 410 N/mm2
Partial safety factor cross sections; M0 = 1.00
Partial safety factor welds; M2 = 1.25
Tension and compression lever arms
LHS compressive lever arm - Fig 6.18; zC,l = (D - T) / 2 = 74.1 mm
RHS compressive lever arm - Fig 6.18; zC,r = (D - T) / 2 = 74.1 mm
LHS tension lever arm - Fig 6.18; zT,l = hp / 2 + ebpx - ex1 = 200 mm
RHS tension lever arm - Fig 6.18; zT,r = hp / 2 - ebpx - ex2 = 200 mm
Design forces in T-stubs
Force in left hand T-stub; NL,T = NEd  zC,r / (zT,l + zC,r) - MEd / (zT,l + zC,r) = -158.1
kN; (Tension)
Force in right hand T-stub; NR,T = NEd  zT,l / (zT,l + zC,r) + MEd / (zT,l + zC,r) = 248.1
kN; (Comp)
Foundation bearing strength under right hand flange - EN1992-1-1 Section 6.7
Additional bearing width - Eqn 6.5; cRF = tp  (fyp_plt / (3  fjd,RF  M0)) = 44.1 mm
Effective width of T-stub flange; beff1,RF = 97.7 mm
Effective length of T-Stub flange; leff1,RF = 241.2 mm
Loaded area; Ac0,RF = beff1,RF  leff1,RF = 23560 mm2
Design distribution width; beff2,RF = 293.1 mm
Design distribution length; leff2,RF = 723.6 mm
Maximum design distribution area; Ac1,RF = beff2,RF  leff2,RF = 212039 mm2
Concentrated design resistance force; FRdu,RF = Min(Ac0,RF  fcd  (Ac1,RF / Ac0,RF), 3  fcd 
Ac0,RF) = 1001.3 kN
Foundation joint material coefficient; j = 0.67
Design bearing strength of the joint - Eqn 6.6; fjd,RF = j  FRdu,RF / (beff1,RF  leff1,RF) = 28.33 N/mm2

Baseplate in bending under tension under left hand flange - Section 6.2.6.11
Anchor distance from weld throat; m1 = 114.8 mm
Structural Design Report

Effective length for end-plate with circular pattern bolt holes;

leff,cp1 = Min(n1    m1,   m1 + (n1 - 1)  p1, n1 / 2  (
 m1 + 2  ex1)) = 460.7 mm
Effective length for end plate with non-circular pattern bolt holes;
leff,nc1 = Min(n1 / 2  (4  m1 + 1.25  ex1), 2  m1 + 0.625
 ex1 + ey1 + (n1 - 2)  (2  m1 + 0.625  ex1), 2  m1 +
0.625  ex1 + (n1 - 1)  p1 / 2, bp /2) = 250 mm
Minimum effective length; leff1 = Min(leff,cp1, leff,nc1) = 250 mm
Moment resistance of T-stub flange - Tbl 6.2; Mpl,1,Rd1 = 0.25  leff1  tp2  fyp_plt / M0 = 10.4 kNm
Design resistance of T-stub flange in tension with no prying forces - Tbl. 6.2;
FT,1,2,Rd1 = 2  Mpl,1,Rd1 / m1 = 180.3 kN
Base plate in bending under column flange; Ft,pl,Rd = FT,1,2,Rd1 = 180.3 kN
Equivalent T-stub in compression under right hand flange - Section 6.2.5
Design compression resistance of T-stub flange; FC,Rd = fjd,RF  beff1,RF  leff1,RF = 667.5 kN
Concrete in compression under right hand flange - Section 6.2.6.9
Design resistance of concrete in compression; Fc,pl,Rd = FC,Rd = 667.5 kN
Bending resistance of column - EN1993-1-1 Section 6.2.5
Design resistance for bending - Cls 6.2.5(2); Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = Wpl,y  fyp_col / M0 = 68.1 kNm
Beam flange and web in compression - Section 6.2.6.7
Design compression resistance of flange - Eqn 6.21;
Fc,fc,Rd = Mc,Rd / (D - T) = 459.6 kN
Column bases subjected to axial forces and bending moments - Section 6.2.8.3
Design tension resistance LHS of joint; FT,l,Rd = Ft,pl,Rd = 180.3 kN
Design compression resistance RHS of joint; FC,r,Rd = Min(Fc,pl,Rd, Fc,fc,Rd) = 459.6 kN
Design moment resistance of column base
Relative eccentricity of load - Tbl 6.7; e = MEd / (-NEd) = -555.6 mm
Loading type - Tbl 6.7; Left side tension & Right side compression
Lever arm - Tbl 6.7; z = zT,l + zC,r= 274.1 mm
Design moment resistance - Tbl 6.7; Mj,Rd = Min(Abs(FT,l,Rd  z / (zC,r / e + 1)), Abs(-FC,r,Rd  z
/ (zT,l / e - 1))) = 57 kNm
PASS - Design moment of resistance exceeds applied moment
Tension weld
Force in tension weld; Fw,t,Ed = Abs(MEd) / (D - T) - NEd / 2 = 292.38 kN
Weld leg length; sw = 8 mm
Weld throat size; aw = 1 / (2)  sw = 5.7 mm
Length of weld; Lw,t = 2  B - (t + 2  r)= 284.1 mm
Correlation factor for fillet welds - Tbl 4.1; w = 0.85
Design shear strength - Cls 4.5.3.3(3); fvw,d = fu_plt / ((3)   w  M2) = 222.79 N/mm2
Design resistance per unit length - Cls 4.5.3.3(2); fw,Rd = fvw,d  aw = 1260.3 N/mm
Design resistance; Fw,t,Rd = fw,Rd  Lw,t = 358 kN
PASS - Available strength of weld exceeds force in weld
Shear weld
Force in shear weld; Fw,v,Ed = 10 kN
Weld leg length; sw = 8 mm
Weld throat size; aw = 1 / (2)  sw = 5.7 mm
Length of weld; Lw,v = 2  (D - 2  (T + r)) = 247.2 mm
Correlation factor for fillet welds - Table 4.1; w = 0.85
Structural Design Report

Design shear strength - Cls 4.5.3.3(3); fvw,d = fu_plt / ((3)   w  M2) = 222.8 N/mm2
Design resistance per unit length - Cls 4.5.3.3(2); fw,Rd = fvw,d  aw = 1260.3 N/mm
Design resistance; Fw,v,Rd = fw,Rd  Lw,v = 311.5 kN
PASS - Available strength of weld exceeds force in weld