The Functions of the Participle
1. They looked at the flying plane.
Participle I
Attribute
2. The girl, sitting at the window, is my sister.
1. A broken vase lay in the corner.
Participle II
2. He saw a vase broken into small pieces.
Participle I (When) going home I bought a newspaper.
(While) walking in the park he met his old friend.
Note:
to be (when) 1. When I was in Kyiv (not: being in Kyiv) I visited a
of time
lot of museums.
being (cause) 2. Being tired they went home.
(When) asked if he wanted to put up at a hotel he
Participle II
replied he would.
Knowing English well he translated the article without a
of cause
Participle I
dictionary.
Participle II Packed in cases the goods were in good condition.
Adverbial Modifier
Participle I This was said as if thinking aloud.
comparison
Participle II He shook his head as though lost in wonder.
of
of concession
Though knowing English well he had difficulty in
Participle I
translating.
Though expected on Sunday he only arrived on
Participle II
Monday.
manner &
attending
1. He sat in the armchair reading a newspaper.
circum-
stances
2. He walked limping.
Participle I
Of
of condition
Participle II If asked he will tell them everything.
His conduct was humiliating.
Predicative
Participle I
1. The letters are typed.
Participle II
2. She stood amazed.
1. Generally speaking, you’re a success.
Parenthesis
2. Telling the truth, he is a flop.