SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
MODULE-15C
Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule,
single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
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1. Find the magnitude of the error (correct to two decimal places) in
the estimation of following integral using Simpson’s Rule. Take
the step length as 1.
∫ ( )
(A) 0.53 (B) 0.68 (C) 0.24 (D) 0.12
Ans:
Exact solution:
∫ ( ) * +
=244.8
Simpson’s Rule:
x:0 1 2 3 4
y : 10 11 26 91 266
= [ ( ) ( )]
= 245.33
Error=244.8-245.33=0.53
2. The estimate of ∫ obtained using Simpson’s rule with three-
point function evaluation exceeds the exact value by
(A) 0.235 (B) 0.068 (C) 0.024 (D) 0.012
Ans:
Exact solution:
∫ [ ]
=log 1.5 – log 0.5 = 1.0986
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Simpson’s Rule:
x: 0.5 1 1.5
y: 2 1 0.6666
[ ( )]=1.1111
Error =1.0986-1.1111=0.012
3. The square root of a number N is to be obtained by applying the
Newton-Raphson iterations to the equation .If i
denotes the iteration index, the correct iterative scheme will be
(A) ( )
(B) ( )
(C) ( )
(D) ( )
Ans:
( )
( )
( )
( )
= ( )
4. The table below gives values of a function F(x) obtained for values
of x at intervals of 0.25.The value of the integral of the function
between the limils0to 1 using Simpson' s rule is
(A) 0.7854 (B) 2.3562 (C) 3.1416 (D) 7.5000
Ans:
[ ( ) ( )]=0.785
5. The following equation needs to be numerically solved using the
Newton-Raphson method. The iterative equation
for this purpose is (k indicates the iteration level)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
( )
( )
( )
( )
6. The differential equation is to be solved using the
backward (implicit) Euler's method with the boundary condition y
= 1 at x = 0 and with a step size of 1. What would be the value of y
at x = 1?
(a) 1.33 (b) 1.67
(c) 2.00 (d) 2.33
Ans:
at is 0.25
Solving this equation we get
7. A numerical solution of the equation ( ) √ can be
obtained using Newton- Raphson method. If the starting value is x
= 2 for the iteration, the value of x that is to be used in the next step
is
a) 0.306 b) 0.739 c) 1.694 d) 12.306
Ans:
( ) √
( )
√
( )
( )
( )
( )
1.694
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
8. The integral ∫ ,when evaluated by using Simpson is rule on
two equal sub intervals each of length 1, equals
a) 1.0 b) 1.098 c) 1.111 d) 1.12
Ans:
Exact solution:
∫ ]
= log 3 – log 1 = 1.098
Simpson’s Rule:
x:1 2 3
y:1 0.5 0.3333
[ ( )]=1.111
9. The value of ∫ ( ) computed using Simpson’s rule with a step
size of h = 0.25 is
a) 0.69430 b) 0.69385 c) 0.69325 d) 0.69415
Ans: Exact solution:
∫ ]
=log 2 – log 1 = 0.693
Simpson’s Rule:
x : 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
y : 1 0.8 1.66667 0.57143 0.5
[ ( ) ( )]
= 0.69325
10. The recursion relation to solve using Newton Raphson
method is
a)
b)
c) ( )
( )
d)
Ans:
( )
( )
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
( )
( )
( )
( )
11. Consider differential equation ( ) with the initial
condition y(0) = 0. Using Euler’s first order method with a step size
of 0.1, the value of y (0.3) is
a) 0.01
b) 0.031
c) 0.0631
d) 0.1
Ans:
12. The equation is to be solved using the
Newton-Raphson method. If x = 2 is taken as the initial
approximation of the solution, then the next approximation using
this method will be:
a) 2/3
b) 4/3
c) 1
d) 3/2
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
( )
( )
( )
13. A calculator has accuracy up to 8 digits after decimal place. The
value of ∫ dx when evaluated using this to 5 significant
digits is
a) 0.00000
b) 1.0000
c) 0.00500
d) 0.00025
Ans:
Significant digits means number of digits starting from first
non zero digit. So 1.0000 is required answer.
14. The accuracy of Simpson’s rule quadrature for a step size h is
a) 0( )
b) 0( )
c) 0( )
d) 0( )
Ans:
Accuracy is o(N+1) for N=even
o (N) for N=odd
N=1 ,Trapezoidal rule accuracy is : ( )
N=2, Simpson’s 1/3 rule accuracy : ( )
15. The values of a function ( ) are tabulated below
X 0 1 2 3
( ) 1 2 1 10
Using Newton’s forward difference formula, the cubic polynomial
that can be fitted to the above data is
a) 2 + 7 – 6x + 2
b) + 6x – 2
c) -7 –6 +1
d) + 6x + 1
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Newton’s Forward interpolation formula,
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
= ( ) ( ) ( )
= + 6x + 1
16. Starting from =1 , one step of Newton – Raphson method in
solving the equation + 3x – 7=0 gives the next value( ) as
a) = 0.5
b) = 1.406
c) = 1.5
d) =2
Ans:
( )
( )
17. Match the items in column I and II
Column – I
(P) Grass-seidel method
(Q) Forward Newton - Gauss method
(R) Runge –kutta method
(S) Trapezoidal rule
Column – II
1. Interpolation
2. Non – linear D.E.
3. Numerical integration
4. Linear Algebraic equation
a) P – 1 Q – 4 R – 3 S – 2
b) P – 1 Q – 4 R – 2 S – 3
c) P – 1 Q – 3 R – 2 S – 4
d) P – 4 Q – 1 R – 2 S – 3
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
Grass-seidel method - Linear Algebraic equation
Forward Newton - Gauss method - Interpolation
Runge –kutta method - Non – linear D.E.
Trapezoidal rule- Numerical integration
18. When the Newton – Raphson method is applied to solve the
equation ( ) = , the solution at the end of the
first iteration with the initial grass values as = 1.2 is
a) – 0.82
b) 0.49
c) 0.705
d) 1.69
Ans:
( )=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0.705
19. Selection of the variables , and for the following equations is
to be obtained by employing the Newton – Raphsoniteration
method .Equation (i) 10 sin - 0.8 = 0 equation (ii) 10 -
10 - 0.6 = 0. Assuming initial values = 0.0 and =
1.0, the jacobian matrix is
a) * +
b) * +
c) * +
d) * +
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
( ) 10 sin - 0.8 = 0
( ) 10 - 10 - 0.6 = 0
* +
[ ]
20. Let – 117 =0. The iteration steps for the solution using Newton
– Raphson method is given by.
a) = ( )
b) =
c) =
d) = ( )
Ans:
( )
( )
= ( )
21. Equation is required to be solved using Newton’s
method with as initial guess . then , after one step of
Newton’s method, estimate x, of the solution will be given by
a) 0.71828
b) 0.36784
c) 0.20587
d) 0.00000
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
( )
( )=
( )
( )
( )
( )
0.71828
22. A differential equation ( ) has to be sloved using
trapezoidal rule of integration with a step size h=0.01 sec. function
if ( ) , then value of x at t=0.01 sec will be given by
a) 0.00099
b) 0.00495
c) 0.0099
d) 0.0198
Ans:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
=0.0099
23. The extreme (min or max) point of a function f(x) is to be
( )
determined by solving =0 using the new tons Raphson
method. let f(x) = and be the initial guest of x. The
value of x after two iterations is
a) 0.0141
b) 1.4142
c) 1.4167
d) 1.5
Ans:
( )=
( ) =0
( )
( )
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
( )
( )
( )
1.5
( )
( )
( )
( )
1.4167
24. The velocity v(in m/s) of moving mass, starting from rest, is given
as . Using Euler forward difference method (also
known as Cauchy-Euler’s method) with a step size of 0.1 sec, the
velocity at 0.2 sec evaluator to
a) 0.01 m/s
b) 0.1 m/s
c) 0.2 m/s
d) 1 m/s
Ans:
25. A degree polynomial, f(x), has values of 1,4, and 15 at x = 0,
and 2, respectively. The integral ∫ ( ) is to be estimated by
applying the trapezoidal rule to this data. What is the error (defined
as “true value – approximate value”) in the estimate?
a) -4/3 b) 2/3 c) 0 d) -2/3
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SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 15C
Ans:
( )
Solving, a = 4 and
b = -1
( )
True value
= ]
Approximate value
= [
( )]
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