WIND POWER/ENERGY 3.

Cost effective - There’s no market for

the demand and supply of wind
Wind energy’s, It can be used by anyone
- The movement of air from an area of and is one of the lowest price
high pressure to an area of low renewable technologies available
pressure. today, depending upon the wind
- Exists because the sun unevenly resource and the particular project’s
heats the surface of the Earth. As hot financing.
air rises, cooler air moves in to fill the 4. Industrial and domestic installation -
void. As long as the sun shines, the Wind turbines can be built on existing
wind will blow. farms or ranches where most of the
- Mountains, bodies of water, and best wind sites are found. Wind
vegetation all influence wind flow turbines uses only a fraction of the
patterns. land which causes no trouble in work
for the farmers and rancher,
Wind Energy providing landowners with additional
- Wind energy is a form of solar income paid by the owners of the
energy. wind power plants.
- The process by which wind is used to 5. Job creation - Jobs have been
generate electricity. created for the manufacture of wind
- Wind turbines convert the kinetic turbines, the installation and
energy in the wind into mechanical maintenance of wind turbines and
power. A generator can convert also in wind energy consulting.
mechanical power into electricity. According to the Wind Vision Report,
Mechanical power can also be wind has the potential to support
utilized directly for specific tasks such more than 600,000 jobs in
as pumping water. manufacturing, installation,
- Wind turbines convert the energy in maintenance, and supporting
wind to electricity by rotating services by 2050.
propeller-like blades around a rotor.
The rotor turns the drive shaft, which Disadvantages of Wind Energy
turns an electric generator. 1. Fluctuation of wind and good wind
sites – although wind energy is
Advantages of Wind Energy sustainable and will never run out,
1. Clean and environment friendly fuel the wind isn’t always blowing. This
source – does not pollute air like can cause serious problems for wind
power plants relying on fossil fuel turbine developers who will often
combustion and does not produce spend significant time and money
atmospheric emissions that cause investigating whether or not a
acid rain or GHG. particular site is suitable for the
2. Renewable and sustainable - For as generation of wind power. For a
long as the sun shines the wind wind turbine to be efficient, the
blows, the energy produced can be location where it is built needs to
harnessed and It will never run out, have an adequate supply of wind
unlike the Earth’s fossil fuel reserves. energy.
 2. Noise and aesthetic pollution – wind - Almost 5 GW of these sites are in the
turbines generate noise and visual Luzon district, while 2.1 GW are in the
pollution. A single wind turbine can Visayas region.
be heard from hundreds of meters - The NREL laboratory in the US
away. Although steps are often created a Philippines Wind Energy
taken to site wind turbines away Resource Atlas Development report
from dwellings. Many people like the for the Philippines in 2000. It found
look of wind turbines, others do not that there were many good
and see them as a blot on the prospects for wind farms particularly
landscape. along the coastline and on
3. Not a profitable use of land – mountainous ridges inland.
alternative uses for the land might - NREL said wind resource in the
be more highly valued than Philippines is strongly dependent on
electricity generation. latitude, elevation, and proximity to
4. Threat to wild life – birds have been the coastline. In general, the best
killed by flying into spinning turbine wind resource, on an annual
blades. However it is believed that average basis, is in the northern and
wind turbines pose less of a threat to central regions of the country,
wildlife than other man made primarily on hilltops, ridge crests, and
structures such as cell phone masts coastal locations that have excellent
and radio towers. Most of the exposure to prevailing winds.
problems have been resolved or - The wind mapping results show many
greatly reduced through areas of good to excellent wind
technological development or by resource for commercial-scale
properly siting wind plants. applications and excellent wind
resource for village power
Wind Energy Resources in the Philippines applications, particularly in the
- a study made by the US Department Northern and central regions of the
of Energy — National Renewable Philippines.
Energy Laboratory (NREL) — shows - The best wind resources are found in
that the Philippines’ wind power six regions: The Batanes and
potential could provide up to 76 Babuyan Islands north of Luzon; the
gigawatt (GW) of power. northwest tip of Luzon (Ilocos Norte);
- NREL said 47 provinces out of 73 in the higher interior terrain of Luzon,
the Philippines have at least 500 Mindoro, Samar, Leyte, Panay,
megawatt (MW) wind potential and Negros, Cebu, Palawan, eastern
another 25 provinces have at least Mindanao, and adjacent islands;
one GW. well-exposed east-facing coastal
- Another study conducted by World locations from northern Luzon
Wildlife Fund (WWF) shows that 1,038 southward to Samar; the wind
wind farm sites in the country could corridors between Luzon and
generate about 7.4 GW of Mindoro (including Lubang Island);
electricity. and between Mindoro and Panay
(including the Semirara Islands and
extending to the Cuyo Islands).
- About 11,000 square kilometers of 4. Pililla Wind Farm (Pililla, Rizal)
windy area with good-to-excellent - Became operational in 2016.
wind resource potential is estimated - Developed by Vena Energy
to exist in the country. These windy - 27 turbines
land areas represent about 3 - 67,500 kW total nominal power
percent of the total land area of the 5. San Lorenzo Wind Farm (San Lorenzo,
Philippines. Guimaras)
- With a conservative assumption of - Became operational in 2014
about 7 MW per sq. km of installed - Developed by Trans Asia Renewable
capacity, these windy areas could Energy Corporation (TAREC), a
support about 76,000 MW of subsidiary of Trans Asia Oil and
potential installed capacity, Energy Development Corporation
delivering approximately 195 billion - 27 turbines, 123m in height
kWh per year, according to studies. - 54MW total nominal power

1. Bangui Wind Farm (Bangui, Ilocos Sources:

Norte) 1. https://openei.org/wiki/Wind_energy
- Foresight of Senator Ferdinand 2. https://www.nationalgeographic.co
“Bongbong” Marcos Jr. m/environment/global-
- Near the Asia-Pacific monsoon warming/wind-power/
where North Westerly winds are 3. https://www.acciona.com/renewabl
constant. An ideal area for wind e-energy/wind-power/
turbines installation. 4. http://www.powerworldanalysis.com
- Became operational in 2005. /advantages-disadvantages-wind-
- Developed by Northwind Power energy/
Development Corp. 5. https://www.evwind.es/2012/06/16/
- 26 turbines, 60m in height wind-energy-in-philippines-benefits-
- 51,000 total nominal power of-wind-farm/19161
2. Burgos Wind Farm (Burgos, Ilocos 6. https://primer.com.ph/travel/2017/0
Norte) 3/07/bangui-wind-farm/
- Largest wind power project in 7. https://primer.com.ph/travel/2017/0
Southeast Asia. 3/07/bangui-wind-farm/
- Became operational in 2014. 8. https://www.thewindpower.net/wind
- Developed by EDC Burgos Wind farm_en_21910_caparispisan.php
Power Corporation (EBWPC), an 9. https://www.thewindpower.net/wind
affiliate of Energy Development farm_en_27154_pililla.php
Corporation (EDC). 10. https://www.thewindpower.net/wind
- 50 turbines farms_list_en.php
- 150,000 total nominal power 11. https://kathyvillalon.blogspot.com/2
3. Caparispisan Wind Farm (Pagudpud, 016/04/the-san-lorenzo-wind-farm-
Ilocos Norte) and-brighter.html
- Became operational in 2014.
- Developed by UPC Renewables.
- 27 turbines, 79.5 m in height.
- 81,000 kW total nominal power.
HYDROELECTRIC POWER/ENERGY construction of dams is long-lasting,
- A form of renewable energy that therefore, there will be a reliable
uses the power of moving water to source of hydroelectric energy.
generate electricity. 4. Flexible energy
- Most hydroelectric power plants - the use of hydroelectric energy can
have a reservoir of water, a gate or be controlled according to the
valve to control how much water requirements of energy. If the energy
flows out of the reservoir, and an required is less, the flow of water
outlet or place where the water from the dam is also reduced,
ends up after flowing downward. otherwise, it will be maximized by
Water gains potential energy just uncovering the water tunnels when
before it spills over the top of a dam the required energy is huge. The
or flows down a hill. The potential adjustment, therefore, is necessary in
energy is converted into kinetic order to save more energy for the
energy as water flows downhill. The future use.
water can be used to turn the 5. Low operating cost
blades of a turbine to generate - since hydroelectric power has few
electricity, which is distributed to the parts, replacement may be in less
power plant’s customers. necessary. Moreover, the dams are
for long term use, therefore, the
Advantages of Hydroelectric Energy supply of energy is also for long time
1. A renewable form of energy durations, and a long term for the
- hydroelectric power is run by water saving.
that is recycled back to the earth
through the process of the water Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Energy
cycle. Though it is evident that water 1. Environmental intervention
is gradually depleting to some other - the creation of big reservoirs of
place due to environmental and water or dams intervenes not only in
weather conditions, countries with reshaping and changing the
an enormous source of water make condition of the bodies of water but
the hydropower a reliable source of also to the condition of the fish
energy. species. The fish in the river can be
2. Clean and safe energy affected by the draining of the
- unlike the use of fossil fuel, biomass, water from the dam as well as the
and nuclear as a source of energy, fish that is in the dam. It should be
hydroelectric energy does not have noted that fish habitat depends on
waste products. No emission and the physical and biological
radiation are harmful to the components such as the water
environment and people, making it current, the water level, and its
a clean and a green source. access to food. Creating dams
3. A reliable source of energy would, therefore, affects the fish
- hydroelectric energy has a little habitats.
instability with regards to the supply 2. Destroying werlands/lands
of electricity as long as there is water - the water that flows from the dam
available on earth. Moreover, the creates a flood on the rivers or in the
 wetland bodies affecting the - the construction of dams results in
organisms living on it. Animals such the transformation of the upstream
as birds, cranes, and other aquatic from free-flowing system to a slack-
birds mostly thrive in marshy habitats. water reservoir. This leads to the
Aside from that, some plant species temperature to change as well as
grow in the wetlands. However, the physical and chemical
because of the Hydroelectric characteristics of the river or water
operation, these habitats are bodies, making it not suitable for the
destroyed as well as the organisms in plants and aquatic animals that
it. The addition of water somehow belong in the river. Moreover, dams
increases the water temperature; welcome the invasive species that
thus, many organisms will have to destabilized the life of the plants and
adapt to the new environment, animals.
otherwise, organisms will die. 6. Decreasing effectiveness
However, not only that hydroelectric - the reservoirs’ bed is deposited with
energy affects wetlands but the silts, sediments, and even mud.
residences who live near the dam When the water is stilled, more
will also be displaced. Many sediments are deposited at the
residences will be forced to relocate bottom and continue to
and find another new way of living. accumulate affecting the ability of
In China, more than one million the dam to hold water. Aside from
people were relocated when the that, the accumulation of many silts
Three Gorges Dam was created. and deposits prevent or slows down
3. Expensive construction the flow of water to the mouth of the
- creating hydroelectric power plants dam. The reducing flow, however,
and dams need a sufficient budget affects the generation of
in order to create a high standard hydroelectric energy. The
hydroelectric power. Though sedimentation in dams is technically
hydroelectric energy produces a the most serious problem occurring
cheap cost, the construction of one in the industry.
dam costs approximately $20 billion 7. Hydroelectric power failures
and takes 18 years to finish. - a sub-standard construction of
4. Dependency dams, geological instability, and the
- the hydroelectric power is extreme influx of water are just
dependent on the availability of among of the many causes of dams’
water. However, when drought failures. Up to date, about 92 dam
comes, the amount of water supply failures have already been recorded
will be limited. When water flow is that led to the death and flooding.
delayed, high prices of electric In addition, hydroelectric failures also
consumption will be the common occur due to the damage from
effect. Hydroelectric power is hydropower stations. From 1943 to
therefore not truly a reliable source 2014, 14 hydroelectric power stations
of energy. were recorded. These catastrophic
5. Transformation of the upstream failures did not only affect the supply
of energy but also affecting greatly
 the lives of the plants, animals, and 3. https://www.psalm.gov.ph/plantprof
humans. ile/gadp
4. https://ppp.gov.ph/ppp_projects/a
Hydroelectric Energy Resources in the mbuklao-hydro-electric-power-
Philippines plant/
1. Agus 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant 5. https://www.napocor.gov.ph/index.
(Marawi, Lanao del Sur) php/services/dmd/npc-dams/16-
- Unit 1 became operational in 1992, dams/92-ambuklao-dam
Unit 2 in 1994 6. http://www.kuryente.org.ph/power-
- Owned by PSALM Corp. plants/profile/86
- Operated by National Power
Corporation (NPC)
- 80MW total nominal power
2. Agua-Grande Hydroelectric Power
Plant (Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte)
- Became operational in 1983
- Operated by National Power
Corporation (NPC)
- 80MW total nominal power
3. Agus 6 Hydroelectric Power Plant
(Iligan, Lanao del Sur)
- Unit 1 became operational in 1953,
Unit 2 in 1956, Unit 3 in 1969, Unit 4
and 5 in 1971
- Owned by PSALM Corp.
- Operated by National Power
Corporation (NPC)
- 200MW total nominal power
4. Ambuklao Hydroelectric Power Plant
(Bokod, Benguet)
- Became operational in 1956, 2011
after rehabilitation
- Operated by National Power
Corporation (NPC)
- 75MW total nominal power, 105MW
after rehabilitation

Sources:
1. https://www.nationalgeographic.org
/encyclopedia/hydroelectric-
energy/
2. https://www.eartheclipse.com/ener
gy/advantages-disadvantages-
hydroelectric-energy.html