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Global Trends of Earth Processes: (Weathering, Erosion and Deposition)

This document discusses global climate regions, biomes, and soil types. It identifies five main climate regions defined by latitude: tropical, dry, mid-latitude, high latitude, and highland. It then lists the eight major terrestrial biomes and their characteristic temperature ranges and precipitation levels. Finally, it describes the three main soil types - pedalfers, pedocals, and laterites - and explains their defining features and associations with different climates.

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91 views4 pages

Global Trends of Earth Processes: (Weathering, Erosion and Deposition)

This document discusses global climate regions, biomes, and soil types. It identifies five main climate regions defined by latitude: tropical, dry, mid-latitude, high latitude, and highland. It then lists the eight major terrestrial biomes and their characteristic temperature ranges and precipitation levels. Finally, it describes the three main soil types - pedalfers, pedocals, and laterites - and explains their defining features and associations with different climates.

Uploaded by

Chris RV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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9/9/2019

Global trends of
Earth Processes
(weathering, erosion and
deposition)

http://geography.name/world-climate-regions/

Geographers usually define the


climate regions according to latitude:
□ There are five general climate regions:
1. Tropical (low latitude)
2. Dry
3. Mid-latitude
4. High latitude
5. Highland

http://geography.name/world-climate-regions/

1
9/9/2019

Biomes are large-


scale environments
that are distinguished
by characteristic
temperature ranges
and amounts of
precipitation.

2
9/9/2019

A Tundra soil has a dark, peaty surface.


There are eight major terrestrial biomes: B Light-colored, desert soil is coarse and
poor in organic matter
Tropical rainforests red-yellow soils C Chestnut-brown soil
Savannas grass and scrub soils (ferallitic-red and yellow - and D Chernozem – Russian for "black earth" – are
humus-rich grassland soils typical of the
dark grey- black soils ) steppes and the prairies of North America.
Subtropical deserts sandy or coarse and rocky E Reddish, leached latosol (E) of tropical
Chaparral thin and rocky, nutrient poor and highly susceptible savannas as a very thin, but rich humus layer.
to erosion Podzolic soils are typical of northern climates,
where rainfall is heavy and evaporation is slow.
Temperate grasslands long-grass soils (Chernozems) to Steppe They include
short-grass ( Chestnut-brown ) soils and Desert soils (red-grey) F organically rich brown forest podzol
Temperate forests Mediterranean woodland soil (red-yellow) H gray-brown podzol
and scrub I gray-stony podzol that supports mixed growth
Boreal forests/ Taiga podzols and grey – brown soils of conifers and hardwoods. All are relatively
acidic.
Arctic tundra black – brown soils
G red-yellow podzol of pine forests is quite
highly leached.

SOIL PROFILE a vertical view of the layers


of soil from the surface down to the unaltered parent
material, and is used in classifying soils.
□ Mature soil may be described
in terms of four soil horizons:
(1) O the uppermost layer,
containing organic matter,
though most of the soluble
chemicals have been leached
(washed out) “HUMUS”
(2) A strongly leached and with
little or no organic matter
(3) B the subsoil, a layer of Soils of the Major Climatic Vegetation Regions
weathered and shattered rock;
(4) C Parent material
(5) R the bedrock.

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9/9/2019

Three main types of soil are


commonly distinguished:
1.pedalfers, associated with temperate, humid climates, have a
leached A-horizon but contain iron and aluminum salts with
clay in the B-horizon;

2.pedocals, associated with low-rainfall regions, contain soluble


substances such as calcium carbonate (soluble in rainwater,
which contains carbon dioxide) and other salts;

3.laterites, tropical red or yellow soils, heavily leached and rich in


iron and aluminum.

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