Cell phone
detector
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound
gratitude and deep regards to my guide Mr. Bharat
Bhanji (physics teacher) his exemplary guidance,
monitoring and constant encouragement
throughout the project. His valuable guidance,
support and supervision all through this project
are responsible for attaining its present form.
Also I gratefully acknowledge the valuable
contributions of my classmates and individuals
involved in the development of this project. The
acknowledgements are also due to constant useful
suggestions given by them in reviewing the draft
manuscript and improvising it by providing helpful
inputs.
Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, brother, sister
and friends for their constant encouragement
without which this assignment would not be
possible.
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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
COMPONENT ANALYSIS
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
DATASHEETS
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ABSTRACT
This handy, pocket-size mobile transmission detector or
sniffer can sense the presence of an activated mobile cell
phone from a distance of one and-a-half meters. So it can be
used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls,
confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use
of mobile phone for Spying and unauthorized video
transmission. The circuit can detect the incoming and
outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile
phone is kept in the silent mode. The moment the Bug detects
RF transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it
starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm
continues until the signal transmission ceases. Assemble the
circuit on a general purpose PCB as compact as possible and
enclose in a small box like junk mobile case. As mentioned
earlier, capacitor C3 should have a lead length of 18 mm with
lead spacing of 8 mm. Carefully solder the capacitor in
standing position with equal spacing of the leads. The
response can be optimized by trimming the lead length of C3
for the desired frequency. You may use a short telescopic type
antenna. Use the miniature 12V battery of a remote control
and a small buzzer to make the gadget pocket-size. The unit
will give the warning indication if someone uses Mobile phone
within a radius of 1.5 meters.
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INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
As increase in the technology in the world using the electronic equipments are
being used in a wrong way like, in the examination halls and confidential rooms.
To avoid this we are introducing a project called CELLPHONE DETECTOR This
handy, pocket-size mobile transmission detector or sniffer can sense the
presence of an activated mobile cell phone from a distance of one and-a-half
meters. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls,
confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone
for Spying and unauthorized video transmission. The circuit can detect the
incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile
phone is kept in the silent mode. The moment the Bug detects RF transmission
signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the
LED blinks. The alarm continues until the signal transmission ceases.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Previously, there was no technology to detect the cell phones in the
examination hall and in cell phone restricted areas. There is manual checking
and there is still a chance of having the cell phone with the person if he is not
checked properly. So to avoid this problem, an automatic detection of cell
phone is introduced.
MOTIVATION
Cell phones are used in good way and also in a bad way. When the class is going
on, students intend to use their cell phones and not listening to what is being
taught. These days, students are also carrying their cell phones to the
examination halls to copy which would help them to get good marks. To avoid
this problem, the cell phone detector is introduced.
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HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS LIST
RESISTOR
R1 ______ 2.2 M
R2 ______100 K
R3 ______2.2 M
R4 ______ 1 K
R5 ______12 K
R6 ______15 K
CAPACITOR
C1 _______22pF
C2 _______22pF
C3 _______0.22µf
C4 _______100µF
C5 _______47Pf
C6 _______0.1µF
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C7 _______ 0.1µF
C8 _______ 0.01µF
C9 _______ 4.7µF
IC CA3130
IC NE555
T1 BC548
LED
ANTENNA
PIEZO BUZZER
5 INCH LONG ANTENNA
ON/OFF SWITCH
POWER SUPPLY
COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
IC CA 3130
Figure 2.2.6 IC CA 3130
This IC is a 15 MHz BiMOS Operational amplifier with MOSFET inputs and
Bipolar output. The inputs contain MOSFET transistors to provide very
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high input impedance and very low input current as low as 10pA. It has high
speed of performance and suitable for low input current applications. CA3130A
and CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar
transistors. Gate-protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in
the input circuit to provide very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current
and exceptional speed performance. The use of PMOS transistors in the input
stage results in common-mode input-voltage capability down to0.5V below the
negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply applications. A
CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of
either supply-voltage terminal (at very high values of load impedance), is
employed as the output circuit.
IC NE555 TIMER
Figure 2.2.7 IC NE 555 Timer
The NE555 IC is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate timing
pulses. With a monostable operation, the time delay is controlled by one
external resistor and one capacitor. With an astable operation, the frequency
and duty cycle are accurately controlled by two external resistors and one
capacitor.
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PIEZO BUZZER
Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials (notably crystals and certain
ceramics, including bone) to generate an electric field or electric potential in
response to applied mechanical stress. The effect is closely related to a change
of polarization density within the material's volume. If the material is not short-
circuited, the applied stress induces a voltage across the material. The word is
derived from the Greek piezo or piezein, which means to squeeze or press.
A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used
in automobiles, household appliances such as microwave ovens, or game shows.
It most commonly consists of a number of switches or sensors connected
to a control unit that determines if and which button was pushed or a preset
time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the appropriate button or
control panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent
buzzing or beeping sound.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
BASIC CONCEPT AND WORKING OF CELLPHONE DETECTOR
Purpose of the circuit
This circuit is intended to detect unauthorized use of mobile phones in
examination halls, confidential rooms etc. It also helps to detect unauthorized
video and audio recordings. It detects the signal from mobile phones even if it is
kept in the silent mode. It also detects SMS.
Concept
Mobile phone uses RF with a wavelength of 30cm at 872 to 2170 MHz. That is
the signal is high frequency with huge energy. When the mobile phone is active,
it transmits the signal in the form of sine wave which passes through the space.
The encoded audio/video signal contains electromagnetic radiation which is
picked up by the receiver in the base station. Mobile phone system is referred
to as “Cellular Telephone system” because the coverage area is divided into
“cells” each of which has a base station. The transmitter power of the modern
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2G antenna in the base station is 20-100 watts. When a GSM (Global System of
Mobile communication) digital phone is transmitting, the signal is time shared
with 7 other users. That is at any one second, each of the 8 users on the same
frequency is allotted 1/8 of the time and the signal is reconstituted by the
receiver to form the speech. Peak power output of a mobile phone corresponds
to 2 watts with an average of 250 milli watts of continuous power. Each handset
with in a ‘cell’ is allotted a particular frequency for its use. The mobile phone
transmits short signals at regular intervals to register its availability to the
nearest base station. The network data base stores the information transmitted
by the mobile phone. If the mobile phone moves from one cell to another, it will
keep the connection with the base station having strongest transmission.
Mobile phone always tries to make connection with the available base station.
That is why, the back light of the phone turns on intermittently while traveling.
This will cause severe battery drain. So in long journeys, battery will flat within
a few hours. AM Radio uses frequencies between 180 kHz and 1.6 MHz, FM
radio uses 88 to 180 MHz, TV uses 470 to 854 MHz. Waves at higher frequencies
but within the RF region is called Micro waves. Mobile phone uses high
frequency RF wave in the micro wave region carrying huge amount of
electromagnetic energy. That is why burning sensation develops in the ear if the
mobile is used for a long period. Just like a micro wave oven, mobile phone is
‘cooking’ the tissues in the ear. RF radiation from the phone causes oscillation of
polar molecules like water in the tissues. This generates heat through friction
just like the principle of microwave oven. The strongest radiation from the
mobile phone is about 2 watts which can make connection with a base station
located 2 to 3 km away.
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How The Circuit Works ?
Ordinary LC (Coil-Capacitor) circuits are used to detect low frequency radiation
in the AM and FM bands. The tuned tank circuit having a coil and a variable
capacitor retrieve the signal from the carrier wave. But such LC circuits cannot
detect high frequency waves near the microwave region. Hence in the circuit, a
capacitor is used to detect RF from mobile phone considering that, a capacitor
can store energy even from an outside source and oscillate like LC circuit.
Use of capacitor
R1 3.9 M LED Red BUZZER 9 V Battery + C1 R5 100R R4 100 R C2 100 UF 25V 0.1
A capacitor has two electrodes separated by a ‘dielectric’ like paper, mica etc.
The non polarized disc capacitor is used to pass AC and not DC. Capacitor can
store energy and pass AC signals during discharge. 0.22μF capacitor is selected
because it is a low value one and has large surface area to accept energy from
the mobile radiation. To detect the signal, the sensor part should be like an
aerial. So the capacitor is arranged as a mini loop aerial (similar to the dipole
antenna used in TV).In short with this arrangement, the capacitor works like an
air core coil with ability to oscillate and discharge current.
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How the capacitor senses RF?
One lead of the capacitor gets DC from the positive rail and the other lead goes
to the negative input of IC1. So the capacitor gets energy for storage. This
energy is applied to the inputs of IC1 so that the inputs of IC are almost
balanced with 1.4 volts. In this state output is zero. But at any time IC can give a
high output if a small current is induced to its inputs. There a natural
electromagnetic field around the capacitor caused by the 50Hz from electrical
wiring. When the mobile phone radiates high energy pulsations, capacitor
oscillates and release energy in the inputs of IC. This oscillation is indicated by
the flashing of the LED and beeping of Buzzer. In short, capacitor carries energy
and is in an electromagnetic field. So a slight change in field caused by the RF
from phone will disturb the field and forces the capacitor to release energy.
APPLICATION
It can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls,
confidential rooms, etc.
It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and
unauthorized video transmission.
It is useful where the use of mobile phone is prohibited like petrol pumps and
gas stations, historical places, religious places and court of laws.
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CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION
This pocket-size mobile transmission detector or sniffer can sense the
presence of an activated mobile cell phone from a distance of one
and-a-half meters. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones
in examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for
detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and unauthorized video
transmission.
FUTURE SCOPE
Trying to increase the detecting range of cell phone detector to few
more meters for observing wide range of area.
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REFERENCES
1. www.google.com
2. www.wikipedia.org
3. www.pdfmachine.com
4. www.efymag.com
5. www.datasheets4u.com
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DATASHEETS
IC CA3130:
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IC NE555 TIMER:
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PIEZO BUZZER:
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