AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS

ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

REGULATIONS - 2009
CURRICULUM I SEMESTER (FULL TIME)
M.E. AVIONICS
SEMESTER I

SL. COURSE
NO CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C
THEORY
1 MA9313 Applied Mathematics for Avionics Engineers 3 1 0 4
2 AV9311 Digital Avionics 3 0 0 3
3 AV9312 Electro-optic systems 3 0 0 3
4 AV9313 Flight Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
5 Bridge Course 3 0 0 3
AV9314 Aircraft Engineering (For Non-Aero students)
(OR)
AV9315 Electronic Systems (For Aero students)

6 E1 Elective I 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
Avionics Integration Lab 0 0 4 2
7 AV9317
TOTAL 18 1 4 21

LIST OF ELECTIVES

SL. COURSE
COURSE TITLE L T P C
NO CODE
1 AV9001 Digital Fly-By-Wire Control 3 0 0 3
2 AV9002 Avionics System Engineering 3 0 0 3
3 AV9003 Display Engineering 3 0 0 3
4 AV9004 Fault Tolerant Computing 3 0 0 3
5 AV9005 Programming in Ada 3 0 0 3
6 NE9064 Microwaves and Radar 3 0 0 3
7 AV9006 Electronic Warfare 3 0 0 3
8 AV9007 Instrumentation for Flight testing 3 0 0 3
9 AV9008 Human Engineering 3 0 0 3
10 AV9009 UAV System Design 3 0 0 3
11 Aircraft Product &System Engineering, 3 0 0 3
AV9010
Standards & Certification
12 AV9011 Active Control Technology 3 0 0 3
13 AV9012 Airborne Fire Control 3 0 0 3
14 AV9013 Flight Mechanics 3 0 0 3
15 AV9014 Missile Technology 3 0 0 3
16 AV9015 Fault Tolerant Control 3 0 0 3
17 AV9016 Satellite Architecture and communication 3 0 0 3
18 CP9067 Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 3
19 AV9017 Airborne Actuators & Sensors 3 0 0 3
20 NE9056 Real Time Embedded System 3 0 0 3
21 AV9018 Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility 3 0 0 3
22 NE9067 Detection and Estimation theory 3 0 0 3
23 CS9054 Soft computing 3 0 0 3
24 AV9019 Avionics Network Technology 3 0 0 3
1
MA9313 APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR AVIONICS ENGINEERS LTPC
310 4
AIM:
To make available the advanced concepts of Engineering Mathematics to the engineers and
to provide the necessary mathematical skills that are needed in modeling physical processes.

OBJECTIVES:
The students will have an exposure on various topics such as Nonlinear Ordinary Differential
Equation, Calculus of Variations, Matrix Theory, Graphs, Paths and Cycles and Random
Processes and will be able to deploy these skills effectively in the solution of problems in
avionics engineering.

UNIT I NONLINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 12

Introduction – Equations reducible to linear form – Bernoulli’s equation – Riccati’s equation –
Special forms of Riccati’s equation – The Lane - Emden equation – The nonlinear Pendulum –
Duffing equation.

UNIT II CALCULAS OF VARIATIONS 12

Introduction – Euler’s equation – Lagrange’s equations of Dynamics – Integrals involving
higher order derivatives – Problems with constraints – Direct methods and Eigen value
problems.

UNIT III MATRIX THEORY 12

Special vectors and matrices – Matrix inversion lemma – The Cholesky decomposition –
Singular value decomposition

UNIT IV GRAPS, PATHS AND CYCLES 12

Graphs – Sub graphs – Complements – Graph isomorphism – Vertex degree – Eulerian
graphs – Planar graphs – Hamiltonian graphs.

UNIT V RANDOM PROCESSES 12

Classification – Stationary random processes – Markov process – Auto correlation and Cross
correlation functions.
TOTAL: 60 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stephenson.G, Radmore.P.M. “Advanced Mathematical Methods for Engineering and
Science students”, Cambridge University Press 1999.
2. Kreyszig.E, “Advaned Engineering Mathematics”, John Wiley, 9th Edition, 2006.
3. Boyce & DiPrima, with ODE Architect CD, 8th Edition, 2005.

REFERENCES:
1. Jain.M.K. Iyengar.S.R.K. And Jain.R.K. “Numerical Methods for Scientific & Engineering
Computation”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1987.
2. Bronson.R. Matrix Operations, “Schaum’s outline series”, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1989.

AV9311 DIGITAL AVIONICS LTPC

3 003
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO AVIONICS 4
Role for Avionics in Civil and Military Aircraft systems, Avionics sub-systems and design,
defining avionics System/subsystem requirements-importance of ‘ilities’, Avionics system
architectures.

2
UNIT II AVIONICS SYSTEM DATA BUSES, DESIGN AND INTEGRATION 11
MIL-STD-1553B, ARINC-429, ARINC-629, CSDB, AFDX and its Elements, Avionics system
design, Development and integration-Use of simulation tools, stand alone and integrated
Verification and Validation.

UNIT III AVIONICS SYSTEM ESSENTIALS: DISPLAYS, I/O DEVICES AND POWER
11
Trends in display technology, Alphanumeric displays, character displays etc., Civil and Military
aircraft cockpits, MFDs, MFK, HUD, HDD, HMD, DVI, HOTAS, Synthetic and enhanced
vision, situation awareness, Panoramic/big picture display, virtual cockpit-Civil and Military
Electrical Power requirement standards, comparing the Military and Civil Requirements and
Tips for Power System Design.

UNIT IV PACKAGING 4
Modular Avionics Packaging - Trade-off studies - ARINC and DOD types - system cooling -
EMI/EMC requirements & standards.
UNIT V SYSTEM ASSESSMENT, VALIDATION AND CERTIFICATION 11
Fault tolerant systems - Hardware and Software, Evaluating system design and Future
architecture - Hardware assessment-FARs guide certification requirements-Fault Tree
analysis –Failure mode and effects analysis – Criticality, damaging modes and effects
analysis - Software development process models - Software Assessment and Validation -Civil
and Military standards - Certification of Civil Avionics.

UNIT VI MAINTENANCE and COSTS OF AVIONICS 4

BIT and CFDS, Automatic Test Equipment - Speeds maintenance - ATLAS, Remote
diagnostics and maintenance support-Life Cycle Costs for Military and Civil Avionics - Cash
flow analysis - Software costs - Establishing spares level.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Spitzer, C.R. “Digital Avionics Systems”, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., U.S.A.,
1987.
2. Cary R .Spitzer, “The Avionics Handbook”, CRC Press, 2000.
3. Collinson R.P.G. “Introduction to Avionics”, Chapman and Hall, 1996.
4. Middleton, D.H. “Avionics Systems”, Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman Group
UK Ltd., England, 1989.
5. Jim Curren, “Trend in Advanced Avionics”, IOWA State University, 1992.

AV9312 ELECTRO OPTIC SYSTEMS LTPC

3 003

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 6
Electro Magnetic spectrum, Thermal radiation, Laws of Black body radiation, Emissivity and
Kickoff’s law, Black body sources, Atmospheric propagation characteristics: Scattering effect,
Transmission through rain, Scintillations.
UNIT II LASER SYSTEMS 9
Theory of Laser operation, Optical resonators, Temporal and spatial coherence, Introduction
to gas, solid and semiconductor lasers Modulators: Electro Optic, Magneto optic and Acousto
Optic modulators, Q switching, Mode locking, Cavity dumping, Introduction to Holography,
Laser gyro. Laser hazards and Safety measures

3
UNIT III INFRARED SYSTEMS 9
Infrared and thermal detectors, Description and design features of typical passive search and
detection, Infrared imaging, Forward looking Infra Red (FLIR) Tracking and Homing systems.
Satellite Radiometers.

UNIT IV IMAGING DEVICES AND TRACKING SYSTEMS 12

Imaging tubes: Vidicon, pyroelectric vidicon etc, Image intensifier tubes, CCD, Focal plane
arrays (FPA), Optical tracking, Sensor steering and stabilization, Servo Control. Opto
mechanical design of camera and systems. Description and design features of laser ranging
and guidance system, LIDAR

UNIT V FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS 9

Types of Fiber optic cables and their characteristics, fiber optic sources and detectors,
Avionics fiber optic data busses: IEEE std 1393, MIL STD 1773 etc. Multiplexing schemes for
onboard avionics, Fiber optic gyro
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. S.C.Gupta, “Optoelectronic devices and Systems”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2005.
2. Richard.D.Hudson.Jr, “Infrared System Engineering”, John Wiley and Sons, Newyork,
2006.
3. Keith Atkins, “Jane's Electro-optic Systems, 2005-06”, 11th ed, Janes Information Group
Ltd, Surrey, 2005.
4. J.Wilson and J.F.B.Hawkes, “Optoelectronics an Introduction”, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 1992.

AV9313 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTATION LTPC

3 003
UNIT I MEASUREMENT SCIENCE 9
Instrumentation brief review-Concept of measurement-Errors and error estimation- Functional
elements of an instrument system-System representation- Static and dynamic characteristics-
calibration- Estimate of system performance-classification of aircraft instruments-Instrument
displays panels and cockpit layout.

UNIT II AIR DATA INSTRUMENTS AND SYNCHRO TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 9

Air data instruments-airspeed, altitude, Vertical speed indicators. Static Air temperature, Angle
of attack measurement, Synchronous data transmission system

UNIT III GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS 9

Gyroscope and its properties, gyro system, Gyro horizon, Direction gyro-direction indicator,
Rate gyro-rate of turn and slip indicator, Turn coordinator, acceleration and turning errors.

UNIT IV AIRCRAFT COMPASS SYSTEMS 6

Direct reading compass, magnetic heading reference system-detector element, monitored
gyroscope system, DGU, RMI, deviation compensator

UNIT V POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTS 6

Pressure measurement, temperature measurement, fuel quantity measurement, engine power
and control instruments-measurement of RPM, manifold pressure, torque, exhaust gas
temperature, EPR, fuel flow, engine vibration, monitoring.

UNIT VI FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND HANDLING SYSTEMS 6

FMS- Flight planning-flight path optimization-operational modes-4D flight management
Introduction to telemetry flight data testing. Application of telemetry in UAVs and Satellites
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

4
REFERENCES:
1. Pallet, E.H.J. “Aircraft Instruments & Integrated systems”, Longman Scientific and
Technical, McGraw-Hill, 1992.
2. Murthy, D.V.S., “Transducers and Measurements”, McGraw-Hill, 1995
3. Doeblin.E.O, “Measurement Systems Application and Design”, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1999.
4. HarryL.Stilz, “Aerospace Telemetry”, Vol I to IV, Prentice-Hall Space Technology
Series.

AV9314 AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING LT PC

30 0 3

UNIT I CONFIGURATION OF AIRPLANE AND ITS COMPONENTS 9

How an Airplane flies - components of an airplane and their functions - motions of a plane -
Pitching, Rolling and Yawing-Banking, skidding and slipping - starting, taxiing - Take-off’s -
landing - stalling, spinning, spirals - cross wind take-offs and landings. Different types of flight
vehicles.

UNIT II AERODYNAMICS 9
Airfoils and streamlines - forces acting on an airplane - lift and drag - speed and power –
physical properties and structure of atmosphere - theory of flight.

UNIT III STABILITY AND CONTROL 9

Introduction to stability and control, Concepts of static and dynamic stability and control,
Dynamic instability and control, V-n diagram, Range and endurance

UNIT IV AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 9

Introduction to Aircraft structures - Loads - Types of construction - Design feature Aircraft
materials.

UNIT V PROPULSION 9
Aircraft propulsion, Rocket propulsion, power plant classification, principles of operation,
Areas of their application

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Kermode, A.C., “Mechanics of Flight”, (Revised by RH Bernard & DR Philpott),
LPE, Pearson Education, 2005.
2. Van Sickle Neil D, “Modern Airmanship” Vann strand Reinhold, New York, 1985.
3. Megson T.H. “Aircraft Structures for Engineering Student’s II Edition”, Edward Arnold,
Kent, U.S.A. 1990

AV9315 ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LTPC

3 00 3

UNIT I LINEAR IC’s 9

OP-AMP specifications, applications, voltage comparator, A/D and D/A converter, sample and
hold circuit, timer, VCO, PLL, interfacing circuits.

5
UNIT II DIGITAL SYSTEMS 9
Review of TTL, ECL, CMOS- Logic gates, Flip Flops, Shift Register, Counter, Multiplexer,
Demultiplexer / Decoder, Encoder, Adder, Arithmetic functions, analysis and design of clocked
sequential circuits, Asynchronous sequential circuits.
UNIT III SIGNAL GNERATORS 9
Monostable, Astable and Bistable mutivibrators.Schmitt Trigger. Conditions for oscillation, RC
phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator, Crystal oscillator. LC oscillators. Relaxation
oscillators

UNIT IV MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEMS 9

The 8085 microprocessor, interfacing with Alpha numeric displays, LCD panels, Stepper
motor controller, Analog interfacing and industrial control.

UNIT V MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEMS 9

8031 / 8051 Micro controllers:– Architecture- Assembly language Programming-Timer and
Counter Programming- External Memory interfacing –- D/A and A/D conversions – Multiple
Interrupts . Introduction to 16 bit Microcontrollers.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Jacob Millman, Christos C Halkias, Satyabrata Jit, Millman's, “Electronic Devices and
Circuits”, Second Edition, Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi, 2007.
2. Donald P Leach, Albert Paul Malvino, Goutam Saha, “Digital Principles and Applications”,
6th Edition Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,2006..
3. Gayakwad, Ramakant A., “Op-Amps And Linear Integrated Circuits”, Prentice Hall/
Pearson Higher Education, New Delhi, 1999.
4. John Crisp, “Inroduction to Microprocessor and Microcontroller”, Newnes Publication,
London. 2004.
5. William Kleitz, “Microprocessor and Microcontroller Fundamentals: The 8085 and 8051
Hardware and Software”, Prentice Hall Inc, New York, 1997

AV9317 AVIONICS INTEGRATION LABORATORY LT PC

0 0 4 2
1. Testing of installation of MIL –STD-1553, ARINC-429 and ARINC -629 card
(Self test)
2. Configuring MIL –STD-1553, ARINC-429 and ARINC -629 cards in transmitting
And receiving mode

3. Testing of installation and configuring of AFDX card in transmitting and receiving

mode. Using the interactive driver to transmit or receive the data
a) On a single PC by loop back connection.
b) PC to PC by connecting a shielded pair of wires.
4. Transmit and receive the messages
a) Using loop back connection with single card.
b) Using connector (shielded pair of wires).
5. Implementation of Wireless RC transceiver using AM, FM.

6. Microcontroller based Data Acquisition System

7. Simulation of PPI TOTAL : 60 PERIODS

6
AV9001 DIGITAL FLY-BY-WIRE CONTROL LTPC
30 03

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL FLY-BY-WIRE CONTROL 7

Need for DFBW systems, Historical perspectives in design Programs-Douglas Long Beach
Programs, WPAFB B 47 In House Program, LTV IAP, Sperry Phoenix Programs, CAS and
SAS, CCV and ACT concepts.

UNIT II ELEMENTS OF DFBW CONTROL 9

Description of various elements of DFBW systems - Concept of redundancy and reliability,
Fault coverage and redundant architecture

UNIT III DFBW ARCHITECTURES 9

Need for redundant architecture, discussion on triplex vs. quadruplex architecture for DFBW
system, Concept of cross-strapping, Actuator command voting and servo force voting etc.

UNIT IV SOME REQUIREMENTS FOR DFBW SYSTEM DESIGN 9

Survivable Flight control System programs, ADP Phases-Simplex package Evaluation -FBW
without Mechanical Backup-Survivable Stabilator Actuator package, Reliability requirements
and their relevance to DFBW system design, redundant power supply requirements,
Environmental and weight, volume constraints.

UNIT V DESIGN ISSUES IN DFBW SYSTEM DESIGN 11

Thermal consideration, Built-in-test features, reliable software development, Redundancy
management (voting, monitoring), Failure and maintenance philosophies, Implementation,
Issues of digital control laws, Generic failures in Hardware and software. Advanced concepts
in DFBW System Design
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Vernon R Schmitt, James W Morris and Gavin D Jenny, “Fly By Wire-A Historical
Perspective”, SAE International, 1998.
2. AGARD-CP-137, “Advances in Control systems”, (Chap.10, 17,21, 22, 23, 24)
3. AGARD-CP-384, “Active Control Systems Review”, Evaluations and Projections.
4. AGARD-CP-260, “Stability and Control” (Chap.15)
5. ‘Modern Air Combat’, Salamander Books Ltd , 2001.

AV9002 AVIONICS SYSTEM ENGINEERING LTPC

3003

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 9

Overview-Systems Definition And Concepts-Conceptual System Design- System Engineering
Process- Requirements And Management- Trade Studies-Integrated Product And Process
Development- Verification of Systems Requirements.

UNIT II AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND DESIGN 9

Everyday Examples of Systems-Aircraft Systems-Generic Systems-Product Life Cycle-
Different Phases-Whole Life Cycle Tasks-Systems Analysis- Design Drivers in the Project,
Product, Operating Environment-Interfaces with the Subsystems

7
UNIT III SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES AND INTEGRATION 9
Systems Architectures-Modeling and Trade-Offs- Evolution of Avionics Architectures-Systems
Integration Definition- Examples of Systems Integration-Integration Skills-Management of
Systems Integration
UNIT IV PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CONFIGURATION CONTROL 9
Stake holders-Communications-Criticism- Configuration Control Process-Portrayal of a
System-Varying Systems Configurations- Compatibility-Factors Affecting Compatibility –
Systems Evolution Considerations and Integration of Aircraft Systems

UNIT V SYSTEMS RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY 9

Systems and Components-Analysis-Influence, Economics, Design for Reliability-Fault and
Failure Analysis-Case Study-Maintenance Types-Program-Planning and Design

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Peter.Sydenham , “Systems Approach to Engineering”, Artech house, Inc,
London, 2004.
2. Aslaksen, Erik and Rod Belcher, “Systems Engineering”, Prentice Hall, 1992.
3. Allan G. Seabridge and Ian Moir, “Design and Development of Aircraft Systems: An
Introduction “, (Aiaa Education Series), 2004.
4. Andrew P. Sage, James E., Jr. Armstrong, "Introduction to Systems Engineering (Wiley
Series in Systems Engineering and Management)”, 2000Z

AV9003 DISPLAY ENGINEERING LTPC

3 003
UNIT I DISPLAY DEVICES 9
Trends in display technology – Alphanumeric displays, character display etc. Basic
components of display systems. CRT displays, Plasma display, LCDs, Solid state displays,
etc and their characteristics

UNIT II COCKPIT DISPLAYS 10

Head up displays – Basic principles – Holographic HUDs - HUD electronics – HUD design and
display generation. Helmet mounted displays – Helmet design factor – Helmet mounted sights
– Head tracking system. Head down displays – Raster overlay display generation – Digitally
generated color map displays. Multifunction displays – control and data entry – Multifunction
keyboards- voice interactive systems.

UNIT III DISPLAY PROCESSOR REQUIREMENTS & ARCHITECTURE 8

Concepts – Role of display processor – Design steps – Hardware architecture and Building
blocks – Software Architecture – Symbol Generator –Display drive circuits – Display
management Processor

UNIT IV COCKPIT EVALUATOR 8

Generation of display symbologies with facilities for quick modification and evaluation Cockpit
Information and Display Controls Organization and Optimization
UNIT V COMPUTER GRAPHICS 10
2D Graphics: Line, Curve and elipse Algorithms – Attributes – 2D” transformation – viewing,
3D Graphics: 3 D Concepts – Object Representation – Transformation – Viewing – Color
models – Animation – Multimedia technologies – Compression and decompression – Data
and file format standards – Full motion video – Storage and retrieval technologies.

TOTA L: 45 PERIODS

8
REFERENCES:
1. Donald Hearn & Pauline Baker, “Computer Graphics”, Second edition, 1996
2. Prabath K. Andleigh & Kiran Thakrar, “Multimedia Systems & Design”. First Deition,
Prentice Hall O India, 1995.
3. Judith Jeffcoate, “Multimedia In Practice Technology And Applications”, First Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, 1995.
4. Foley, Vandam, Feiner, Huges, “Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice”, Second
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
5. Cooly,”Essence of Computer Graphics”, First Edition. Pearson Education, 2004.
6. Goloi W.K. “Interactive Computer Graphics, Data structures, Algorithms, Languages”
Prentice –Hall, 1988.
7. Davis, Computer Displays, Prentice – Hall, 1982.
8. R.B.G. Collinson – Introduction to Avionics, Chapman & Hall, 1996.
9. Spitzer, Digital Avionics System, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1987.
10. Cary R. Spitzer, The Avionics Handbook, CRC Press, 2000.

AV9004 FAULT TOLERANT COMPUTING LTPC

30 03

UNIT I FAULT TOLERANCE 10

Principles of fault tolerance – redundancy – quantitative reliability – evaluation – exception
handling. Application of fault tolerant systems in aircraft – reliability strategies – Fault Tolerant
Processor – Hardware and software

UNIT II ERROR DETECTION 12

Measure for error detection – Mechanisms for error detection – Measures for damage
confinement and damage assessment – Protection mechanisms – Protection in multi-level
systems
UNIT III ERROR RECOVERY 12
Measures for error recovery – mechanisms for error recovery – check points and audit trials –
the recovery cache – Concurrent processes – recovery for competing process – recovery for
cooperating process – distributed systems – fault treatment – location and repair.

UNIT IV SOFTWARE FAULT TOLERANCE 4

The recovery block scheme – Implementation of recovery block – Acceptance – tests – run-
time overheads

UNIT V SYSTEMS STRUCTURE AND RELIABILITY 7

System structure – systems model – Software / Hardware interaction and multi-level systems
– atomic actions – systems reliability – systems specification - Erroneous transitions and
states – component / design failure – errors and faults.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Anderson and Lee, Fault tolerant principles and practice, Prentice – Hall, 1981
2. Siewiorek, C.P. and Swartz, R.S Theory and practice of reliable system design,
McGraw – Hill, 1983.
3. John D. Musa, Anthony Jannino, Kzuhira, Okunito, Software reliability measurement,
prediction and application, McGraw – Hill, 1989.

9
AV9005 PROGRAMMING IN ADA LT PC
3 0 0 3

UNIT I OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 9

Overview- History of Ada -Inheritance, dynamic dispatching (polymorphism)- Encapsulation.

UNIT II ADA DATA TYPES 9

Basic Ada structures, program units, Ada structures, lexical elements, identifiers, numeric
literals, character literals, Basic types- integer , float, Boolean, user defined types & rule types-
Enumeration. Array, records, limited and private limited types, control structure- if, case, loop,
loop iteration schemes, subprograms-declaration, parameter passing- local and global
variables.

UNIT III ADA PACKAGES 9

Declaration and bodies-packages-compilation units, I/O capabilities, Text file I/o, various text
file, package command line options, child packages, exceptions - declarations, handling,
generics-definitions, formal parameters, visibility rules.

UNIT IV PARALLEL PROGRAMMING 9

Access types-declaration -unbounded types, unchecked deal location-task and protected
types- multitasking.

UNIT V INTERFACING WITH OTHER LANGUAGES 9

Interfacing with C, Java vs. Ada, Ada applets, Java interfaces and aliased components- flight
safety and Ada, recursion and efficiency, software inspection, debugging, Ada bindings, other
Ada capabilities

REFERENCES:

1. Ada for experienced programmers-Habermann AN, Peary DE-Addison Wiley, 1983.

2. Ada in industry- Heibrunner s- Cambridge UniversityPress-1988.
3. Ada: Introduction & Ada reference manual- HegardH-Springer Verlag
Ada: Reference manual, Programming language-Spamger verlag
4. Ada as a second language, Norman H.Cohen, McGraw Hill II edition, 1995.
5. Ada 95: Problem solving and program design, Michael B. Feildman, Elliot B. Koffman,
Addison – Wesley, 1999.
6. Ada 95: The Craft of object oriented programming, John English I edition, Prentice Hall,
1996.
7. Herbert schildt, “ Java 2 The Complete Reference”, McGraw Hill, 2007.

NE9064 MICROWAVES AND RADAR LTPC

3 003

UNIT I MICROWAVE SOURCES 10

Passive waveguide components, Microstrip line structure and components, Simple theory and
operating characteristics of Reflex klystrons, Two cavity Klystrons, Magnetrons, and TWTS -
solid state source - TEDS, IMPATTS, TRAPATT, GaAs FETs and Tunnel diode.

10
UNIT II RADAR PRINCIPLES 8
Introduction to Radar – Radar range equation – Receiver noise and signal to noise ratio-
Radar cross section (RCS) – Radar system – Radar Antennas

UNIT III TYPES OF RADARS 10

CW and FMCW radars-Tracking radars-MTI radar -Principles of coherent MTI radars - Digital
MTI, Synthetic Aperture radar, Principles of Pulsed Doppler Radar, Low-, High-, and medium-
PRF Mode.

UNIT IV RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING 9

Radar requirements –Matched filters- Radar ambiguity function – Optimum waveforms for
detection in clutter – Classes of waveforms – Digital representation of signals -Pulse
compression

UNIT V TRACKING RADAR 8

Tracking with radar – Monopulse Tracking – conical scan and sequential lobing – limitations to
tracking Accuracy- Kalman Tracker -Fundamentals of Airborne radar

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Fred E.Nathanson “ Radar design Principles “ Signal processing and the environment,
Prentice Hall, 2004
2. Y. Liao, Microwave Devices and Circuits, Prentice Hall, 1980.
3. M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar System (Second Edition) McGraw Hill, 1980.
4. M.I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook (Second Edition) McGraw Hill, 1990.
5. Guy V. Morris, Linda L. Harkness, Airborne Pulsed Doppler radar, Second Edition, Artech
House Publishers, 1996.
6. Blackman S.S., “Multiple target tracking with radar applications” Artech House 1986.

AV9006 ELECTRONIC WARFARE LTPC

3 003

UNIT I ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW) PRINCIPLES AND OVERVIEW 3

Electronic Warfare taxonomy-EW Mission and scenarios

UNIT II ELECTRONIC SUPPORT MEASURE (ESM) RECEIVERS -

ELECTRONIC COUNTER MEASURES (ECM) 12
Radar Warning Receivers (RWR) - Passive direction finding and emitter - location - noise
jamming - Deception Electronic Counter Measures (DECM) - Modern ECM systems.

UNIT III RADAR AND ECM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 9

Radar detection performance low RCS aircraft - ECM - Jamming equations - EW receiver
sensitivity

UNIT IV EW SIGNAL PROCESSING 9

Signal environment - EM sensor subsystem - The receiver subsystem - The pre-processor the
data servo loop - Mile parameter tracking - Advanced pulley power - Managed Jamming.

11
UNIT V ELECTRONIC COUNTER - COUNTER MEASURES (ECCM) 12
Radar applications in weapon systems - Radar types and characteristics, EW Technology and
Future Trends - Antenna Technology - ECM transmitter power source technology - EW
receiver technology - EW at millimeter Wavelength - Low Observability EW technology.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Curtis Schleher. D. “Introduction to Electronic Warfare’, Artech House Inc., U.S.A., 1986
2. Mario De Archnaelis, “Electronic War from Battle of Osushima to the Falklands and
Lebanon Conflicts”, Ritana Books, New Delhi, 1990.
3. Sen, A.K. Bhattacharya, A.B. “Radar Systems & Radar Aids to Navigation”, Khanna
Publishers, 1988.

AV9007 INSTRUMENTATION FOR FLIGHT TESTING LTPC

3 003

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT TESTING 5

Introduction - Methodology - Planning - Techniques - Instrumentation & Telemetry - Data
analysis.

UNIT II DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS 12

Basic concepts of measurement - Units - Generalized performance characteristics –Errors,
Sensors & Transducers, Types selection - Sampling – System design - System error analysis.

UNIT III TELEMETRY SYSTEM 14

System block diagram, Frequency and Time Division Multiplexing , Frequency Modulation -
Pulse amplitude modulation - Pulse code modulation, Radio Link - Airborne and ground
antennas, Link parameters - Design and analysis.

UNIT IV GROUND TELEMETRY STATION 10

Introduction - Principles of demultiplexing - FM, PAM and PCM Demultiplexing systems - IRIG
Standards - Recorders - Quick look displays - Data compression

UNIT V RANGE INSTRUMENTATION 4

Introduction - Typical range activities - TSPI Systems.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Doebelin. O, ‘Measurement Systems - Application and Design’, McGraw-Hill, 1986.
2. Rangan, C.S. Sharma, G.R. Mani, V.S.V., ‘Instrumentation Devices and Systems’,
McGraw-Hill, 1986.
3. HarryL.Stilz, “Aerospace Telemetry”, Vol I to IV, Prentice-Hall Space Technology
Series.

12
AV9008 HUMAN ENGINEERING LTPC
3 003

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ENGINEERING AND MAN MACHINE

SYSTEMS 9
Definitions, scope and applications Purpose of man machine system, Types of systems,
Operational functions and components, Sensory and motor processes, Human information
processes, Human motor activity.

UNIT II INFORMATION DISPLAYS 10

Types of information presented by displays, Design criteria for displays, Selection of sensory
modalities for displays, Checklist for good display/indicator selection and arrangements for
displays, speech communication.

UNIT III HUMAN CONTROL OF SYSTEMS 10

Principles of control design and related devices, Design of controls in aircraft cockpit, coding
of controls.

UNIT IV ANTHROPOMETRY 11
Definition, Importance, Static and dynamic anthropometry, Anthropometry and cockpit
Design. Basic principles of seat design, crew seat design - Transport aircraft and
helicopters, Passenger - seats. Work space lay out for Fighter, Helicopters and
Transport aircraft.

UNIT V HUMAN FACTORS STUDY IN RELATION TO AVIATION-STRESSES 11

Hypoxia, Acceleration, Thermal stress, Noise vibration and fatigue. Life support system in
Aircraft- Scope, types of life-support system, human factor considerations.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. William L. Wolfe and George J. Zissis, Infrared Handbook , Office of Naval Research
Dept. of the navy Washington DC,1978.
2. Wasten, J. “Optoelectronics”, Van Nostrand Reinheld (UK) co. ltd.. UK. 1988.
3. Robert G. Seippel, “Opto – electronics for technology and engineering” Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 1989.

AV9009 UAV SYSTEM DESIGN LTPC

3 0 03

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO UAV 9

History of UAV –classification –basic terminology-models and prototypes –applications

UNIT II BASICS OF AIRFRAME 9

Airframe –dynamics –modeling- structures –wing design- engines types-equipment
maintenance and management-control surfaces-specifications.

UNIT III AVIONICS HARDWARE 9

Autopilot –AGL-pressure sensors-servos-accelerometer –gyros-actuators- power supply-
processor, integration, installation, configuration, and testing

13
UNIT IV COMMUNICATION PAYLOADS AND CONTROLS 9
Payloads-Telemetry-tracking-Aerial photography-controls-PID feedback-radio control
frequency range –SAS-flight director-commands and videos-elements of control loops-flight
computer sensor-displays-parameter settings-modems-memory system-simulation-ground
test-analysis-trouble shooting

UNIT V PATH PLANNING AND MAV 9

Waypoints navigation-ground control software-Recent trends in UAV-Case Studies

REFERENCES:

1. Jane’s Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Targets, Jane’s Information Group;

ASIN: 0710612575, 1999
2. R. Said and H. Chayeb, “Power supply system for UAV”, KTH, 2002.
3. Robert C. Nelson, Flight Stability and Automatic Control, McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1998.
4. Skafidas, “Microcontroller Systems for a UAV”, KTH, TRITA-FYS 2002:51
ISSN 0280-316 X. 34, 2002
5. Kimon P. Valavanis, “Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: State of the Art and the
Road to Autonomy”, Springer, 2007
6. Paul G Fahlstrom, Thomas J Gleason, “Introduction to UAV Systems”, UAV Systems,
Inc, 1998,
7. Dr. Armand J. Chaput, “Design of Unmanned Air Vehicle Systems”, Lockheed
Martin Aeronautics Company, 2001
8. P.J.Swatton , “Ground studies for pilots’ flight planning”, Sixth edition, 2002.

AV9010 AIRCRAFT PRODUCT &SYSTEM ENGINEERING, STANDARDS &

CERTIFICATION LT P C
3003

UNIT I AVIONICS SYSTEM ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CYCLE 8

Establishing the Avionics System Requirements by Mission Scenario Analysis, Functional
Analysis, Physical Partitioning, Avionics Architectural Design, Specification of HW/ SW of
Subsystems, Development / Procurement of HW/ SW of Subsystems, SW Integration,
HW/SW Integration, Standalone testing of subsystems, Avionics System Integration in Ground
based Integration Lab, Integration of Avionics System in Aircraft, Flight Testing, Operational
Test and Evaluation by user, Deployment, SW updates, Avionics Upgrades.

UNIT II SYSTEMS ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 8

The Systems Engineering Process - Overview, Requirements Analysis, Functional Analysis
and Allocation, Design Synthesis, Verification, Systems Engineering Process Outputs System
Analysis and Control - Work Breakdown Structure, Configuration Management, Technical
Reviews and Audits, Trade Studies, Modeling and Simulation, Metrics, Risk Management
Planning, Organizing, And Managing - Systems Engineering Planning, Product Improvement
Strategies, Organizing and Integrating, System Development, Contractual Considerations,
Management Considerations

UNIT III CERTIFICATION OF AVIONICS SYSTEMS 5

Certification, Civil Aviation Authorities, Regulatory and Advisory Agencies, Regulation,
Advisory Circular, Order, MOPS, TSO, Type Certification, Supplementary Type Certification,
Certification Process, Delegation, Product Certification Process Roadmap

14
UNIT IV SOFTWARE CONSIDERATIONS IN AIRBORNE SYSTEMS AND
EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION (DO-178B) 8
System Aspects Relating To Software Development, Software Life Cycle, Software Planning
Process, Software Development Processes, Software Verification Process, Software
Configuration Management Process, Software Quality Assurance Process, Certification
Liaison Process, Overview Of Aircraft And Engine Certification, Software Life Cycle Data,
Additional Considerations -Use of Previously Developed Software, Tool Qualification, SW
Reliability Models, Formal Methods

UNIT V DESIGN ASSURANCE GUIDANCE FOR AIRBORNE ELECTRONIC

HARDWARE (DO- 254) 8
System Aspects of Hardware Design Assurance, Hardware Design Life Cycle, Planning
Process, Hardware Design Processes, Validation and Verification Process, Configuration
Management Process, Process Assurance, Certification Liaison Process, Hardware Design
Life Cycle Data

UNIT VI CERTIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGHLY-INTEGRATED OR

COMPLEX AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (SAE ARP4754) 8
System Development Process Guidelines and Methods, Development Assurance and Safety
Directed Development Concept, Certification Process and Coordination, Requirement
Determination and Assignment of Development Assurance Level, Safety Assessment
Process, Validation of Requirements, Implementation Verification, Configuration Management,
Process Assurance.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. IEEE Std 1220-1998, IEEE Standard for Application and Management of the Systems
Engineering Process, 2005.
2. Systems Engineering Fundamentals, Supplementary Text Prepared By The Defense
Acquisition University Press Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060-5565, 2001
3. NASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP-610S, June 1995
4. INCOSE, Systems Engineering Handbook, A “What To” Guide For All SE Practitioners,
INCOSE-TP-2003-016-02, Version 2a, 1 June 2004
5. RTCA DO-178B/EUROCAE ED-12B, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and
Equipment Certification, RTCA Inc.,Washington, D.C, 1992.
6. DO-254/EUROCAE ED-80, Design Assurance Guidance For Airborne Electronic
Hardware, RTCA Inc.,Washington, D.C, April 19, 2000
7. SAE ARP4754, Certification Considerations for Highly-Integrated or Complex Aircraft
Systems, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 1996.
8. SAE ARP4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment
Process on Civil Aircraft Airborne Systems and Equipment, Warrendale, PA, 1996

AV9011 ACTIVE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY LTPC

3 00 3
UNIT I ACTIVE CONTROL FUNCTIONS 12
Introduction-active control technology concepts-control configured vehicle-Design Philosophy,
Aerodynamics: Relaxed static stability, Automatic Configuration management, side force
control. Structures, Manoeuvre load control, Gust load alleviation, Ride smoothing, fatigue
alleviation, Flutter-mode control, Propulsion and Flight Control Integration Technology
(PROFIT)

15
UNIT II ACTIVE CONTROL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5
Stability augmentation, Command augmentation, Control of aircraft center of gravity, Elastic
mode stabilization, and Gust load control, Reliability, redundancy

UNIT III FLY-BY-WIRE TECHNOLOGY 8

Fly-By-Wire concepts. Primary and secondary electrical flight control system, Redundancy
and architecture trade studies - analog and digital FBW Systems - Typical fly-by-wire
flight control system elements - Application of fly-by-wire technology to civil and military
aircraft.

UNIT IV FLYING QUALITIES 13

Definition, Cooper - Harper rating scale - flying qualities requirements - Relaxed static stability
flying qualities requirements - Lower order equivalent systems criteria Neal - Smith criteria.

UNIT V CONTROL MODES OF COMBAT AIRCRAFT 7

Pitch rate Command - Attitude hold system - Carefree maneuvering - spin-stall prevention and
similar limiting concepts - Combat maneuvers.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. AGARD-AG-234, ‘Active controls aircraft Design’, 1978.
2. AGARD-CP-157, ‘Impact of active control technology in aircraft design’, 1975.
3. AGARD-CP-260, ‘Stability and control’, 1978.
4. AGARD-CP-137, ‘Advance in Control systems’, 1974.
5. AGARD-CP-228, ‘Structural aspects of active Controls’, 1977.
6. AGARD-IS-89, ‘Task oriented flight control Systems’, 1977.

AV9012 AIRBORNE FIRE CONTROL LTPC

3 0 03

UNIT I FIRE CONTROL 6

Introduction -Fire Control problems, Geometrical approach, Coordinate and computing
frames, Vectors in fire control.

UNIT II FIRE CONTROL PROBLEM FOR PROJECTILES 7

Statement of the fire control problem, Miss-producing effects, prediction, Time of Flight of the
projectile.

UNIT III FEATURES OF FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS 8

Line of sight and the tracking line, Weapon line, computed weapon line and correct weapon
line, Geometrical Interference, Space Integration, Classification of fire control systems,
prediction, Pursuit and proportional navigation courses, Hit probability.

UNIT IV ORIENTATION MEASUREMENTS WITH GYROS 8

Gyroscopes, Measurements of direction, Controlled line, Single axis tracking loops

UNIT V FIRE CONTROL COMPUTING SYSTEMS 16

Computing methods and system classification, Prediction computation, Lead computing,
Curvature correction, Velocity jump correction and the error corrections, Attack Courses,
Bombing computations, Bombsights, Bombing modes.

TOTAL :45 PERIODS

16
REFERENCES:

1. Walter Wrigley and John Hovorka, ‘Fire Control Principles’, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1959.
2. George W.Masters, ‘Integrated Weapon system Test and Evaluation’, Airborne systems
Course, United States Naval Test Pilot School, 1981, AD A130541.

AV9013 FLIGHT MECHANICS LTPC

3 003

UNIT I FLIGHT DYNAMICS 8

General equation of motion for rigid airplane – concept of equilibrium - Aerodynamic and
thrust forces and forward motion – steady state – Perturbed state.

UNIT II STEADY STATE STABILITY AND CONTROL 9

Static – Straight-line flight – Maneuvering, flight design for dynamic stability and response
requirements – importance of stability derivatives.

UNIT III STABILITY AND CONTROL OF THE ELASTIC AIRPLANE 8

Frequency response of airplane – atmospheric disturbances and their effects on flight – effect
of atmospheric turbulence on flight stability.

UNIT IV DESIGN AND ORIENTATION 10

Mission requirements leading to total configuration selection – role of aerodynamic design in
the selection of total configuration- structural constraints on configuration selection- Flight
mechanics analysis to support aircraft configuration. - Identification of aircraft parameters.

UNIT V SYSTEM AND MISSION ORIENTATION 10

Automatic flight controls – Formulation of Guidance Laws – Concepts of advanced control
technology – Mission requirements – selection of flight modes – Conceptual design of system,
Laying down of relevant specifications – Flight planning and flight test data analysis.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Roskam.J, ‘Airplane flight dynamics and automatic flight controls’, Part I and II,Roskam
Aviation and Engg corporation,1975.
2. Bernad Etikin,’Dynamic of flight stability and control’, John Wiley, 1972.
3. Babister, A.W. ‘Aircraft Stability and Response’ I Edition, Pergamon Press, 1980.
4. Nelson R.C ‘Flight stability & Automatic Control’, McGraw Hill, 1989.

AV9014 MISSILE TECHNOLOGY LTPC

3 003

UNIT I MISSILE SYSTEMS 8

Introduction - history - classification - missile system elements, missile ground systems -
radars – launchers, coordinate frames, basics of trajectory dynamics.

17
UNIT II AERODYNAMICS 9
Missile aerodynamics- design methodology, aerodynamic prediction method, aerodynamic
loads & performance analysis, wind tunnel and flight testing of missile models and missile
prototypes.

UNIT III PROPULSION 8

Principles of jet propulsion and rocketry, nozzle theory and performance parameters of solid
rockets and ramjet and compound jet engines – evaluation of flight performance - forces
acting on vehicle - basic relations of motion - multi stage vehicles

UNIT IV NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE & CONTROL 12

Navigation - types - inertial - GPS - radar based terrain mapping, guidance - explicit - PN –
APN - beam riding – CLOS, control – autopilot, and actuation - hydraulic - pneumatic -
electromechanical - RCS

UNIT V MISSILE TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS 8

Vertical, inclined and gravity turn trajectories – determination of range and altitude- numerical
computation of ballistic trajectories.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. G. Merrill, “Dictionary of Guided Missiles and Space Craft”, D. Van Nostrand and
Company, Inc, 1959.
2. S. S. Chin, “Missile Configuration Design”, McGraw Hill, 1961.
3. P. Garnel, “Guided Weapon Control Systems”, 2nd Edition, Pergamon Press, 1980.
4. J. Frederick White, “Flight Performance Handbook for Powered Flight Operations”, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1963.

AV9015 FAULT TOLERANT CONTROL LTPC

30 03

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Scope of -Approaches to fault detection and diagnosis:-Model free methods and Model based
methods -Introduction to Random variables-Distribution-Bivariatedistribution-
Multivariatedistribution-Normaldistribution-Maximum likelihood distribution-Hypothesis testing

UNIT II ANALYTICAL REDUNDANCY CONCEPT 9

Additive faults and disturbance-Multiplicative faults and disturbanceResidualgeneration-
Detectionproperty-Isolationproperty-Computationalproperty-Design of Residual generation-
Specification and implementation

UNIT III PARITY EQUATION IMPLEMENTATION OF RESIDUAL

GENERATOR-PARITY EQUATION FORMULATION 9
Implementation of single residual-Implementation with input output relation-Fault system
matrix Design for structure residual-Structural definition-Canonical structures-Handling
disturbance-Residual structure for multiple faults

18
 UNIT IV DESIGN FOR DIRECTIONAL RESIDUAL 9
Directional specifications-Parity equation-Linearly dependent columns Residual generation for
parametric faults-Representation of parametric fault-Design for parametric fault and model
errors-Robustness in residual generation-Perfect decoupling from disturbance

UNIT V ADVANCE TOPICS 9

Fault diagnosis using Kalman filtering-Fault diagnosis using principle component analysis –
Fault diagnosis using ANN and Fuzzy clustering
Case study: Aircraft fault detection
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Janos.J.Gertler, “Fault detection and diagnosis in engineering systems”, second edition,
Marcel Dekker, 1998.
2. Rami S.Mangoubi, “Robust Estimation and Failure detection”, Springer-Verlag London,
1998.

AV9016 SATELLITE ARCHITECTURE & COMMUNICATION LTPC

3 003

UNIT I SATELLITE MISSION AND ORBITS 9

Mission Overview – Planning – Analysis _ Operations - Orbital Mechanics – Orbit Perturbations
– Special orbits – Space Environment, Spacecraft configuration.

UNIT II SPACECRAFT CONFIGURATION AND SPACECRAFT POWER SYSTEM 9

Spacecraft Bus – Payload – Requirements and constraints – Initial configuration decisions and
Trade-offs – Spacecraft configuration process – Broad design of Spacecraft Bus – Subsystem
layout-Power sources – Energy storage – Spacecraft Power management – Power distribution.

UNIT III SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE AND ORBIT CONTROL SYSTEM (AOCS) 9

Coordinate system – AOCS requirements – Environment effects – Attitude stabilization –
Attitude sensors – Actuators – Design of control algorithms.

UNIT IV PROPULSION SYSTEMS, STRUCTURES AND THERMAL CONTROL 10

Systems Trade-off – Mono-propellant systems – Thermal consideration – System integration
design factors – Pre-flight test requirements – System reliability Configuration design of
Spacecraft structure – Structural elements – Material selection – Environmental Loads –
Structural fabrication –Orbital environments - Average temperature in Space – Transient
temperature evaluation – Thermal control techniques – Temperature calculation for a spacecraft
– Thermal design and analysis program structure – Thermal design verification – Active thermal
control techniques.

UNIT V SATELLITE TELEMETRY, TRACKING AND TELECOMMAND 8

Base Band Telemetry system – Modulation – TT & C RF system – Telecomm and system

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

19
REFERENCES:

1. Space Mission Analysis and Design (Third Edition) by James R.Wertz and Wiley J.Larson
– 1999.
2. James R.Wertz “Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control”, Kluwer Academic
Publisher, 1988.
3. Marcel J.Sidi “Spacecraft Dynamics and Control”, Cambridge University press, 1997.
4. Lecture notes on “ Satellite Architecture”, ISRO Satellite Centre Bangalore – 560 017

CP9067 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING LTPC

3 003

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE PROCESSING 9

Introduction – Elements of visual perception, Steps in Image Processing Systems – Image
Acquisition – Sampling and Quantization – Pixel Relationships – Colour Fundamentals and
Models, File Formats Introduction to the Mathematical tools

UNIT II IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION 9

Spatial Domain Gray level Transformations Histogram Processing Spatial Filtering –
Smoothing and Sharpening. Frequency Domain: Filtering in Frequency Domain – DFT, FFT,
DCT, Smoothing and Sharpening filters – Homomorphic Filtering., Noise models, Constrained
and Unconstrained restoration models.
.
UNIT III IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND FEATURE ANALYSIS 9
Detection of Discontinuities – Edge Operators – Edge Linking and Boundary Detection –
Thresholding – Region Based Segmentation – Motion Segmentation, Feature Analysis and
Extraction.

UNIT IV MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND COMPRESSIONS 9

Multi Resolution Analysis: Image Pyramids – Multi resolution expansion – Wavelet
Transforms, Fast Wavelet transforms, Wavelet Packets. Image Compression: Fundamentals –
Models – Elements of Information Theory – Error Free Compression – Lossy Compression –
Compression Standards – JPEG/MPEG.

UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE PROCESSING 9

Representation and Description, Image Recognition- Image Understanding – Image
Classification – Video Motion Analysis – Image Fusion – Steganography – Colour Image
Processing

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Rafael C.Gonzalez and Richard E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Third Edition,
Pearson Education, 2008.
2. Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle, “Image Processing, Analysis and Machine
Vision”, Third Edition, Third Edition, Brooks Cole, 2008.
3. Anil K.Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice-Hall India, 2007.
4. Madhuri A. Joshi, ‘Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach”, Prentice-Hall
India, 2006.
5. Rafael C.Gonzalez , Richard E.Woods and Steven L. Eddins, “Digital Image Processing
Using MATLAB”, First Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.

20
AV9017 AIRBORNE ACTUATORS AND SENSORS LTPC
3 003

UNIT I AIRCRAFT ACTUATION SYSTEMS 9

Introduction -Principles of actuation systems, Types of actuation systems.

UNIT II SERVO COMPONENTS 9

Actuators, Valves, Servo amplifiers pick-offs.

UNIT III MODELING, DESIGN, AND TESTING 9

Linear and non-linear actuation system, modeling of actuation systems, Servo-loop analysis
actuator design - testing methodologies, Performance testing test equipments for actuation
systems.

UNIT IV INERTIAL SENSORS 9

Gyroscope- Principles , Gyro equations, Rate Gyros - Rate integration and free Gyro, Vertical
and Directional Gyros, Laser Gyroscopes - Inertial navigation - Basic principles, theory and
applications. Accelerometers-- Principles & Theory, Spring mass, force balance and piezo-
electric accelerometers, MEMS sensors

UNIT V SENSOR TESTING 9

Test philosophies and methodologies, Test equipment, Performance testing of sensors.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. James Ephraim Johnson, Electrohydraulic Servo Systems, Published by Editors of
Hydraulics & pneumatics magazine, 1977.
2. Neal E.Wood et al, ‘Electro-mechanical actuation development AFFDL-TR-150’ DEC 1978.
3. Pallett, E.H.J. ‘Aircraft instruments, principles and applications’, Pitman publishing Ltd.,
London, 1981.

NE9056 REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LTPC

3 003

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 12
Real Time System – Embedded Systems – Architecture of Embedded System - Simple
Programming for Embedded System – Process of Embedded System Development -
Pervasive Computing – Information Access Devices – Smart Cards – PIC Microcontroller –
ARM Processor.

UNIT II EMBEDDED/REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM 9

Operating System Concepts: Processes, Threads, Interrupts, Events - Real Time Scheduling
Algorithms - Memory Management – Overview of Operating Systems for Embedded, Real
Time, Handheld Devices – Target Image Creation – Programming in Linux, RTLinux,
VxWorks, uC/Os-overview.

UNIT III CONNECTIVITY 9

Wireless Connectivity - Bluetooth – Other short Range Protocols – Wireless Application
Environment – Service Discovery – Middleware

21
UNIT IV REAL TIME UML 6
Requirements Analysis – Object Identification Strategies – Object Behavior – Real Time
Design Patterns

UNIT V SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND CASE STUDY 9

Concurrency – Exceptions – Tools – Debugging Techniques – Optimization – Case Studies -
Interfacing Digital Camera with USB port and Data Compressor.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. R.J.A.Buhr, D.L.Bailey, “An Introduction to Real-Time Systems”, Prentice-Hall
International, 1999.
2. David E-Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education, 2007.
(UNIT– II)
3. C.M.Krishna, Kang G.Shin, “Real Time Systems”, Mc-Graw Hill, 1997. (UNIT- II)
4. B.P.Douglass, “Real Time UML 2nd Edition”, Addison-Wesley 2000. ((UNIT – IV)
5. J.Schiller, “Mobile Communication”, Addison-Wesley, 1999. (UNIT – III)
6. Dr.K.V.K.K.Prasad, “Embedded/Real Time Systems: Concepts, Design and
Programming”, DreamTech press, Black Book, 2005. (UNIT – I)
7. R.Barnett, L.O.Cull, S.Cox, “Embedded C Programming and the Microchip PIC”,
Thomason Learning 2004. (UNIT – I)
8. Wayne Wolf, “Computers as Components - Principles of Embedded Computer System
Design”, Mergen Kaufman Publisher, 2006.
9. Sriram V Iyer, Pankaj Gupta, “Embedded Real Time Systems Programming”, Tata Mc-
Graw Hill, 2004.

AV9018 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY LTPC

3 003

UNIT I EM ENVIRONMENT 9
Concepts of EMI and EMC, Noise, Definitions, Practical concerns, Sources of EMI: Natural,
Apparatus and Circuits, conducted and radiated EMI, Transient EMI, Effects of EMI on
Airborne systems.

UNIT II EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLES 9

Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling, Common Impedance, Ground Coupling,
Radiated Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode Coupling,
Near Field Cable to Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply Coupling.

UNIT III EMI STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS 9

Units of specifications, Civilian standards, MIL461, 462, 704E,F standards, IEEE, ANSI, IEC
standards. CE mark. EMI Test, Open Area Test Site, Precautions, Site imperfections and
Errors, Measurement Antennas. Radiated interference measurements: EMI Shielded
Chamber, Anechoic chamber, Reverberating chamber, TEM Cell. Conducted Interference
measurements Common mode, Differential mode interferences Pulsed EMI Immunity, ESD,
EFT tests, Surge testing.

UNIT IV EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES 9

Shielding, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors, EMC
connectors, Gaskets, optoisolators, EMI Filters, Power line filter design, Signal Control,
Component Selection and Mounting issues.

22
UNIT V EMC DESIGN OF PCBS 9
Digital Circuit radiation, Cross Talk in PCB traces, Impedance Control, Power Distribution
Decoupling, Zoning, Propagation Delay Models, PCB Designs guidelines for reduced EMI.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. W. Prasad Kodali, “Engineering Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles, Measurements,
Technologies, and Computer Models”, IEEE Press, Newyork, 2001.
2. Henry W.Ott, “Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems ", 2nd Edition, John
Wiley and Sons, Newyork, 1988.
3. Mark I. Montrose, Edward M. Nakauchi, “Testing for EMC compliance”, IEEE / Wiley
Interscience, Newyork 2004.

NE9067 DETECTION AND ESTIMATION THEORY LTPC

3 003
UNIT I REVIEW OF PROBABILITY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS 9
Conditional Probability, Bayes' Theorem , Random Variables, Conditional Distributions and
Densities, moments and distribution of random variables., Stationary Processes
Cyclostationary Processes Averages and Ergodicity Autocorrelation Function Power Spectral
Density Discrete-Time Stochastic Processes patial Stochastic Processes Random Signals,
Relationship of Power Spectral Density and Autocorrelation Function.

UNIT II SINGLE AND MULTIPLE SAMPLE DETECTION 9

Hypothesis Testing and the MAP Criterion, Bayes Criterion , Minimax Criterion, Neyman-
Pearson Criterion, Sequential Detection, The Optimum Digital Detector in Additive Gaussian
Noise , Performance of Binary Receivers in AWGN

UNIT III FUNDAMENTALS OF ESTIMATION THEORY 9

Formulation of the General Parameter Estimation Problem, Relationship between Detection
and Estimation Theory, Types of Estimation Problems, Properties of Estimators, Bayes
Estimation, Minimax Estimation, Maximum-Likelihood Estimation, Comparison of Estimators
of Parameters

UNIT IV WIENER AND KALMAN FILTERS 9

Orthogonality Principle, Autoregressive Techniques, Discrete Wiener Filter, Continuous
Wiener Filter, Generalization of Discrete and Continuous Filter Representations , Linear
Least-Squares Methods, Minimum-Variance Weighted Least-Squares Methods, Minimum-
Variance Least-Squares or Kalman Algorithm, Kalman Algorithm Computational
Considerations, Kalman Algorithm for Signal Estimation, Continuous Kalman Filter, Extended
Kalman Filter

UNIT V APPLICATIONS 9
Detector Structures in Non-Gaussian Noise , Examples of Noise Models, Receiver Structures,
and Error-Rate Performance, Estimation of Non-Gaussian Noise Parameters Fading Multipath
Channel Models, Receiver Structures with Known Channel Parameters, Receiver Structures
without Knowledge of Phase, Receiver Structures without Knowledge of Amplitude or Phase,
Receiver Structures and Performance with No Channel Knowledge.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

23
REFERENCES:

1. Thomas Schonhoff,” Detection and Estimation Theory”, Prentice Hall, NewJersy, 2007
2. Steven M. Kay,” Fundamentals of Statistical Processing, Volume I: Estimation Theory”,
Prentice Hall Signal Processing Series, Prentice Hall, PTR,New Jersy,1993.
3. Harry L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001.

CS9054 SOFT COMPUTING LTPC

3 003

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO SOFT COMPUTING AND NEURAL NETWORKS 9

Evolution of Computing - Soft Computing Constituents – From Conventional AI to
Computational Intelligence - Machine Learning Basics

UNIT II GENETIC ALGORITHMS 9

Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (GA) – Applications of GA in Machine Learning - Machine
Learning Approach to Knowledge Acquisition

UNIT III NEURAL NETWORKS 9

Machine Learning Using Neural Network, Adaptive Networks – Feed forward Networks –
Supervised Learning Neural Networks – Radial Basis Function Networks - Reinforcement
Learning – Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks – Adaptive Resonance architectures –
Advances in Neural networks.

UNIT IV FUZZY LOGIC 9

Fuzzy Sets – Operations on Fuzzy Sets – Fuzzy Relations – Membership Functions- Fuzzy
Rules and Fuzzy Reasoning – Fuzzy Inference Systems – Fuzzy Expert Systems – Fuzzy
Decision Making

UNIT V NEURO-FUZZY MODELING 9

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems – Coactive Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling – Classification
and Regression Trees – Data Clustering Algorithms – Rulebase Structure Identification –
Neuro-Fuzzy Control – Case studies.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jyh-Shing Roger Jang, Chuen-Tsai Sun, Eiji Mizutani, “Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing”,
Prentice-Hall of India, 2003.
2. George J. Klir and Bo Yuan, “Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic-Theory and Applications”,
3. Prentice Hall, 1995.
4. James A. Freeman and David M. Skapura, “Neural Networks Algorithms,
Applications, and Programming Techniques”, Pearson Edn., 2003.

REFERENCES:
1. Mitchell Melanie, “An Introduction to Genetic Algorithm”, Prentice Hall, 1998.
2. David E. Goldberg, “Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning”,
Addison Wesley, 1997.
3. S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi and S. N. Deepa, “Introduction to Fuzzy Logic using
MATLAB”, Springer, 2007.
4. S.N.Sivanandam · S.N.Deepa, “Introduction to Genetic Algorithms”, Springer, 2007.
5. Jacek M. Zurada, “Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems”, PWS Publishers, 1992.

24
AV 9019 AVIONICS NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY LTPC
30 03

UNIT I OPTICAL NETWORKS 9

Fiber channel- WDM LAN- Fiber channel-RF over fiber- Highly integrated photonics (HIP)-
Routing in optics- Amplification in optics.

UNIT II ATN (AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK) 9

ATN Concepts – ATN functionality – ATN Components – End Systems – ATN physical and
administrative structures – ATN planning and implementation process – ATN Router.
Military Gigabit type – Ethernet Architecture – Modems - Wideband mobile routers – Smart
router – IP Address in cockpit

UNIT III WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK 9

Introduction-Challenges for wireless sensor networks-Comparison of sensor network with ad
hoc network-single node architecture-Hardware components-energy consumption of sensor
nodes-Network architecture-sensor network scenarios-types of sources and sinks-single hop
versus multi-hop-networks-multiple sinks and sources-Design principles-Development of
wireless sensor networks-Application-military-Target detection tracking-Habitat monitoring-
Environmental disaster monitoring.

UNIT IV WIDEBAND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS FOR

MILITARY AVIONICS 9
Communication data link (CDL) - IP based routing in FBW-Smart antenna networking.

UNIT V REAL TIME INTEGRATED AVIONICS NETWORK 9

Inter networking- Multimedia- Pilot vehicles-other defense and aerospace application-Scalable
Coherent interface-SCI/RI-Integrated modulator avionics.

TOTAL :45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:

1. Jian-Guozhang, A.Pervez, A.B.Sharma, “Avionics Data Buses: Overview”, IEEE AESS

Magazine, Feb 2003.
2. Carry A spitzer, “Avionics Data Buses”, Fifty edition 2005.
3. Frank Gross, “Smart Antennas for Wireless Communication” Wisely Publications, second
edition 2004.
4. Hamed Al-Raweshidy, Shozo Komaki. “Radio Over Fiber Technology, for Mobile
Communication Network”, 2002.
5. Clifford Headuey, Govind P Agarwal, “Raman Amplification in Fiber Opical Communication
Systems”, Tara-McGrall publications, 2002.
6. Feng zhao, Leonidas guibas, “Wiresess Sensor Networks: An Information Processing
Approach”, Elsevier publication, 2004.
7. C.S.Raghavendra Krishna, M.sivalingam and Tarip znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks”,
Springer publication, 2004.
8. H.Callaway, “Wireless Sensor Networks: Architecture And Protocol-Edgar”, CRS
press.2004.
9. Holger Karl, Andrea’s willig, “Protocal and Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks”,
John willey publication, Jan 2006.
10. “Wireless Sensor Networks”, First European workshop, EWSN 2004, Berlion, Germany,
January 2004 Proceedings-Hoger Karl, Andreas willig, Adam holisz, Springer
publication.2003.
11. http:www.mccallumwhyman.com/downloads/guidance%zomaterial parti.pdf.

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