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UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNLOGY

& GSPCT

Submitted by: Ali Raza, Ahtisham Amjad Dar, Maaz Raza

Roll No: 2017-Uet-Gspct-Mech-01, 02, 06

Submitted to: Engr. Umar Farooq

Subject: MT-354 (Machining Technology)

Department: BSC Mech. Eng. Technology

Session: 2017-2021
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Universal Milling Machine

Milling Machine:
It is a machine which is used to remove metals from the work
piece with the help of a revolving cutter called milling cutter. It is used to machine
the flat, rough and irregular surfaces and this is done by feeding the work piece
against a rotating milling cutter. A milling machine having a table fitted with all
motions and a dividing head with change gears so that it can perform any type of
milling operation.
Main Parts of Milling Machine
The horizontal milling machine main parts are

Main parts of vertical milling machine are

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1. Column & Base:

Column including base is the main casting that
supports all other parts of milling machine. The column contains an oil reservoir and
a pump which lubricates the spindle. The column rests on the base and base contains
coolant reservoir and a pump which is used during machining operation that requires
coolant.
2. Knee:
It is a casting that supports the saddle and table. All gearing mechanism
is enclosed within the knee. It is fastened to the column by dovetail ways. The knee
is supported and adjusted by a vertical positioning screw (elevating screw). The
elevating screw is used to adjust the knee up and down by raising or lowering the
lever either with the help of hand or power feed.
3. Saddle and Swivel Table:
Saddle is present on the knee and supports the
table. It slides on a horizontal dovetail on the knee and dovetail is parallel to the axis
of the spindle (in horizontal milling m/c).The swivel table (in universal machines
only) is attached to the saddle that can be swiveled (revolved) horizontally in either
direction.
4. Power Feed Mechanism:
It is the knee which contains the power feed
mechanism. It is used to control the longitudinal (left and right), transverse (in and
out) and vertical (up and down) feeds. To get the desired rate of feed on the machine,
the feed selection lever is positioned as indicated on the feed selection plates.
On some universal knee and column milling machine, the feed is
obtained by turning the speed selection handle until the desired rate of feed is
indicated on the feed dial.
Most of the milling machines have a rapid traverse lever that can be engaged when
a temporary increase in the speed of the longitudinal, transverse or vertical feeds is
required. For example this lever would be engaged when the operator is positioning
or aligning the work.
5. Table:
It is a rectangular casting which is present on the top of the saddle. It is
used to hold the work or work holding devices. It contains several T-slots for holding
the work and work holding devices (i.e. jigs and fixtures).The table can be operated
by hand or by power. To move the table by hand, engage and turn the longitudinal
hand crank. To move it through power, engage the longitudinal direction feed control
lever.
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1. Rectangular table guide ways with high stability.

2. Hardened and ground table surface.
3. Automatic feed on X, Y axis motorized lifting and falling of table on Z axis.
4. Headstock swivels ±45o, vertical milling spindle auto feed.

6. Spindle:
It is the shaft which is used to hold and drives the cutting tools of the
milling machine. Spindle is mounted on the bearings and supported by the column.
Spindle is driven by the electric motor through gear trains. The gear trains are present
within the column. The face of the spindle which lies near to the table has an internal
taper machined on it.
The internal taper at the front face of the spindle permits only tapered cutter
holder or arbor. It has two keys at the front face which provides positive drive for
the cutter holder or arbor. The draw bolt and jam nut is used to secure the holder and
arbor in the spindle.
7. Over Arm / Overhanging Arm:
It is a horizontal beam present at the top face
of the column. It may be a single casting which slides on the dovetail ways present
on the top face of the column. The overarm is used to fastened arbor support. It may
consist of one or two cylindrical bars which slide through the holes in the column.
8. Arbor Support:
It is a casting with bearing that supports the outer end of the
arbor. It also helps in aligning the outer end of the arbor with the spindle. It prevents
the springing of outer end of the arbor during cutting operations. The arbor support
has an oil reservoir that lubricates the bearing surfaces.
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It can be clamped anywhere on the overarm. The arbor support is used only in the
horizontal types of milling machine.
9. Ram:
The overhanging arm in the vertical machine is called ram. One end of
the ram is mounted on the top of the column and on the other end milling head is
attached. The ram can be a moved transversally (in and out) on the column by a hand
lever.
Milling Machine Operation
The different milling machine operation is:
1. Face Milling:
This operation makes flat surfaces at the face of work piece.
This machining operation is done on the surfaces which are perpendicular to the axis
of the cutter. The operation is performed by the face milling cutter mounted on stub
arbor of the machine.
2. Side Milling:
It is the machining process which produces flat vertical surface
at the sides of a work piece. This operation is performed by using side milling cutter.
3. Plain Milling:
It is a Process of milling flat surfaces keeping the axis of the
cutter parallel to the surface being milled. It is also called surface milling or slab
milling. A plain milling cutter is used for the plain milling.
4. Straddle Milling:
It is a process in which two side milling cutter are used to
machined two opposite sides of a work piece simultaneously.
5. Angular Milling:
It is a process of milling flat surfaces which are neither
Parallel nor perpendicular to the axis of the milling cutter. It is also called as angle
milling. A single angle milling cutter is used to perform this operation.
6. Gang Milling:
It is the machining process in which two or more milling
cutters are used together to perform different milling operation simultaneously. In
gang milling the cutters are mounted on the arbor.
7. Form Milling:
It is the process of machining special contour (outline)
composed of curves, straight lines, or entirely of curves, at a single cut. Formed
milling cutters shaped to the contour to be cut are used to perform this operation.
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This operation is accomplish by using convex, concave and corner rounding milling
cutters.
8. Profile Milling:
This milling operation is used to cut a profile on the work
piece.
9. End Milling:
It is the process of producing flat surfaces which may be
horizontal, vertical and at any angle taking worktable as a reference. End milling
cutters are used to accomplish this operation.
10. Saw Milling:
It is machining process which is used to produce narrow
grooves or slots on the work piece. It is also used for the parting off the work piece
into two equal or unequal parts. This milling operation is performed by using saw
milling cutter. The width of the cutter is very less as compared with the width of the
work piece.
11. Milling Key Ways, Grooves and Slots:
This milling operation is used to produce key
ways, grooves and slots on the work piece.
12. Gear Milling:
It is the milling process which is used to cut gears on the work
piece. This operation is done by using formed milling cutters called involute gear
cutters.
13. Helical Milling:
This milling operation is done to produce objects having
helical design such as helical gears, twisted drills etc. it is done on the periphery of
the cylindrical work piece.
14. Cam Milling:
It is a machining process which is used to make cams. The
cams are used to open and close of the valves in the internal combustion engines.
15. Thread Milling:
It is the process of milling used to cut threads on the
cylindrical work piece.