See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/322992914

Comparitive analysis on zigzag structure with variation in inclination angle of

column subject to lateral load

Conference Paper · December 2017

CITATIONS READS

0 723

2 authors:

Mrityunjay Jaiswal S.D. Prusty

C. V. Raman College of Engineering C. V. Raman College of Engineering
3 PUBLICATIONS   1 CITATION    2 PUBLICATIONS   6 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Mrityunjay Jaiswal on 27 March 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 A Comparative analysis on zigzag structure with variation in
inclination angle of column subject to lateral load

Mrityunjay Jaiswal 1* S.D.Prusty 1

1
Assistant professor, Department of civil engineering, C.V.Raman college of engineering Bhubaneswar
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

A Comparative analysis on zigzag structure with variation in

inclination angle of column subject to lateral load
Mrityunjay Jaiswal 1* S.D.Prusty 1
1
Assistant professor, Department of civil engineering, C.V.Raman college of engineering Bhubaneswar,
email: [email protected],[email protected]

Key word: zig-zag structure, response spectrum analysis, storey drift, Staad.pro

ABSTRACT

Demands are escalating in new and effective designs of structures with time. By various
architectural features and approaches, more complex and challenging structures are appearing. In
this paper, a study has done on a multi storey building having oblique/zigzag columns. Analyses
were carried out for dynamic load and static load. Staad.pro v8i is used as a tool for seismic
analysis and wind load analysis adhering to IS1893-2000 and ASCE 2002. The entire elements
were designed in accordance with IS456 with variation in column inclination angle in vertical
plane by 7 ° 10 ° and 20°. The structure is designed in such a way that the bottommost column is
exactly vertical while the column lies above the 1st floor is tilt by respective angle along or
opposite to wind force alternatively. Analyses were done to determine optimum inclination angle
with respect to story drift and responses. It was observed that from 0 to 10 degree the increasing
in inclination angle reduces the storey drift as well as horizontal deflection and further upon
increasing in inclination angle increases the storey drift. Response spectrum analysis were also
carried out to check variation on responses like acceleration, displacement and velocity due to
application of dynamic load which also confirm the favorable change on the structure load
carrying capacity and reduction on displacement value.

INTRODUCTION

The modern architecture and high-rise buildings are important benchmarks of technological
development. New designs of buildings attract people immensely. But constructions of these
unique architectural structures are always a challenge to structural engineers and it is better to
preconceived about the optimum type of structure before construction for ease. High rise
buildings are subjected to lateral loads like wind and earthquake. So the prime objective to
design these buildings to have sufficient strength for lateral loads also. These loads produce
lateral deflections and storey drifts. Lateral deflection is the presume movement of a structure
under lateral loading and storey drift is the relative horizontal displacements between two
adjacent stories.

Since the shaking of earth due to earthquake is sudden which create seismic wave
therefore only static analysis is not enough to predict the structure behaviors and durability. To
know the exact behavior of the structure during earthquake, responses of the structure should be
checked with various frequency and mode shapes.
1125
 Jaiswal, Prusty - zigzag structure

A number of studies have been carried out by researchers for structure stability under
lateral loads Hu Kai, 2012 studied on high rise building situated at china which has inclined
column in one direction. He has done static analysis on the structure using different tools and
concluded that the storey drift and horizontal deflection are affected by column angle and load
intensity. Katkhoda Azzam, 2012 studied on optimization in the selection of structural systems
for the design of reinforced concrete high-rise buildings in resisting seismic forces by applying
different earthquake resisting system like shear wall, couple system etc. and suggested an
optimum system which is economical in terms of concrete and steel. Reddy Kona Narayana,
2017 studied on multi-storied building with oblique columns by using e-tabs. In his study he
added addition columns act as braces and compared the results of base shear and time period.
Wang Peijun, 2017 studied on seismic behavior of self-buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall
made by two incline slotted infill plates and reported that Incline steel strips yielded sequentially
that ensured energy dissipation capacity at small drift ratio at the same time. Sree Harsha J,
reported in his research paper about 24 storey diagrid structural system with different angles and
make comparison in terms of base shear, mode shape etc. MO.Y.l,2017 studied on a two storey
unsymmetrical RC building experimentally as well as analytically and reported that the
analytical model is also predict the behavior of the building accurately.

These studies show that column orientation and position can minimize storey drift due to lateral
load which can be determine by analytically also which give same result.

So in this study instead of using brace system or addition column, all the columns are made
inclined with different angles and compares their base shear and storey drift as well as responses.
Economical perspectives were also considered during design and tried to find out optimum
design. Figure 1 showing the mechanism of inclined column.

Figure 1 Inclined column mechanism

2. RESEARCH APPROACH

2.1 Modeling

Ordinary moment resisting frame structures were modeled with varying the inclination angle of
columns as 0º, 7 º, 10 º and 20 ºfrom vertical plane shown in Fig 2 with the help of STAAD Pro
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

V8i software. The building selected is of 15 m x 9 m dimension consisting of 15 numbers of

columns and total height of the building is 18 m from ground level having 5 floors and one
basement of equal heights of 3 m. Rectangular section is chosen for both beams and columns. All
other attributes are mention in Table 1. Column size is selected as the minimum required size to
sustain subjected to dead load, live load, wind load and seismic load.

Table 1 Sectional property of structure

Structure BEAM Slab Column

type (in mm) thickness Size (in
(in mm) mm)
0º Inclined 300×300 200 400 X 300
7º Inclined 300×300 200 400 X 300
10º Inclined 300×300 200 400 X 300
20º Inclined 300×300 200 400 X 300

Figure 2 3d rendering of 10 degree inclined zigzag structure

2.2 Design parameters

A building has to effectuate many functions effectively. Amongst these functions are the utility
of the building for the intended use and occupancy, structural safety, fire safety and daylight
standards etc. The designs of these building are dependent upon the minimum requirements
prescribed for each of the above functions. The design parameters of these models are in Table 2

Table 2 Design parameters

COMPONENT ATTRIBUTE
Grade of concrete M25
1127
 Jaiswal, Prusty - zigzag structure

Grade of main bar Fe415

Grade of sec bar Fe415
Earthquake zone factor 0.16
Soil type Medium soil
Building classification Category II
category
Wind velocity 111mph or
55m/s
Exposure B

The drift and total lateral deflection of the buildings are computed and monitor against
IS1893:2002 (Part I) and IS456:2000. Figure 3 shows the detailing of column and beam
reinforcement respectively as per IS456 2000.

Figure 3 Detailing of bottom beam and column reinforcement

2.3 Static analysis

In static analysis method a series of force is applied on a building to compute the effect of
earthquake. The displacement of the structure and the shear generated due to these loads are
calculated. It assumes that the building responds in its fundamental lateral mode. The force is
generally evaluated in two directions as shown in Figure 4.
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

Figure 4 LAOD PATTERN

2.3.1 Calculation of seismic load, time period and base shear

The seismic load values were calculated as per IS 1893-2002.STAAD.Pro has a seismic load
generator in accordance with the IS code mentioned. The design base shear is also computed by
STAAD in accordance with the IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002 by using following expression.

V = Ah*W

Where,

Ah= Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value

W= Seismic weight of the building.

The horizontal acceleration can be computed by following expressions:

Where,
Z= Zone factor (=0.16 in our case)
I = Importance factor
R= Response spectrum reduction
Sa/g =Response acceleration coefficient

The fundamental natural period of vibration in seconds of a moment resisting frame with brick
infill panels may be estimated by empirical expression as per IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002.

1129
 Jaiswal, Prusty - zigzag structure

Where d = base dimension of building at plinth level

The design base shear Vb shall be distributed along the height of the building as per following
expression:

Where,

Qi = Design lateral force at floor i

Wi = Seismic weight of floor i

hi = height of floor measured from base

n = no. of stories in building.

2.3.2 Wind load calculation

Wind load is calculated as per ASCE-7 2002 using the following expressions.

Where,
qz= velocity pressure evaluated at the top of the parapet
G C p = external pressure coefficient
GC pi = internal pressure coefficient

Velocity pressure for height h can be calculated by following equation:

qz = 0.613 KzKztKd VI (N/m2); V in m/s

Where,
Kd = the wind directionality factor
Kz = the velocity pressure exposure coefficient
KZt = topographic factor
V = Wind velocity
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

Figure 5 Height vs intensity curve

2.3 Dynamic analysis

Response spectrum analysis

Response-spectrum analysis is a linear-dynamic analysis method which is used to compute the

contribution from each natural mode of vibration to indicate the likely maximum seismic
response like displacement, acceleration and velocity etc. of an essentially elastic structure. This
analysis provides insight into dynamic behavior by measuring pseudo-spectral acceleration,
velocity, or displacement as a function of structural period for a constant time history and level
of damping.

Response spectrum method is based on fundamental principles of stationary random vibration

theory (Adanura, 2016) and depends on energy release mechanism, damping factor and time
period.

Six mode shapes shown in figure 5 of the buildings are taken into account and for each mode
response is noted down based on modal frequency and modal mass and by using modal
combination method total response of the structure is determined. The base shear (vb’) from
response spectrum is less than the base shear (vb) calculated using empirical formula for
fundamental time period. Hence a multiplying factor (vb/vb) is used for every structure in each
response.

1131
 Jaiswal, Prusty - zigzag structure

Figure 6 MODE SHAPES

3.RESULT & DISCUSSION

3.1. Storey displacement vs base height relationship

The relationship between storey drift and horizontal displacement with base height is reprented
by curve shown in figure 3 and figure 4 respectively. These curve discribe that the storey drift is
diminishing with rise in inclination angle upto 10 degree, after 10 degree inclination storey drift
is again start increasing, this may because of an eccentic load. It is also observed that vertical
structure shows linearly varying charcterstics wheres as in inclined structure after 6m base
height the storey drift showing a decending slope. This phenomenon may happen because of
zigzag portion which is resisting horizontal earthquake force through its rection componant.
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

Table 3 BASE HEIGHT VERSUS STOREY DRIFT

BASE
HEIGHT 0° 7° 10° 20°
0 0 0 0 0
3 0.0667 0.24 0.15 0.5418
6 1.3234 0.84 0.63 2.886
9 2.53 0.75 0.4731 1.52
12 3.8748 0.9801 0.6377 2.12
15 4.3699 0.9133 0.5424 1.65
18 6.5598 1.0736 0.6049 1.5874

FIGURE 7 BASE HEIGHT VERSUS STOREY DRIFT WITH VARIATION IN INCLINATION

3.2. Base shear vs inclination angle of relationship.

The results of base shear versus the inclination angle obtained from analysis of all four structural
models. It can be observed that value of base shear at a constant base height of 3 m is changing
as shown in figure 8, till 10 degree inclination the curve showing descending gradient while after
10 degree base shear is increasing.

Figure 8 BASE SHEAR VERSUS INCLINATION ANGLE

1133
 Jaiswal, Prusty - zigzag structure

3.3. Responses comparisons

3.3.1 Acceleration

Acceleration is the important structural parameter to decide performance of a structure duing an

earthquake of equal intensity. Analysis were carried out to record acceleration of the structure for
all the six mode shapes with rising the inclination angle of column as mentioned on Table 4. It
can be seen from the result that the acceleration value is decreased considerably when the angle
of inclination increased from 0º to 7 º degrees but upon further increasing to 20 degree. It can
also be observed that acceleration at 7º and 10ºare giving mixed responses for the first three
mode shape the acceleration at 7º is less while for other three mode shape 10º inclined structure
having less acceleration. Hence both7º and 10º can be considered as an optimum inclined angle.
From the period versus acceleration curve (Figure 8) favorable change can also be observed.

Table 4 MODE VS ACCELERATION WITH COLUMN ANGLE

Mode Acceleration
0º 7º 10º 20º
1 0.79822 0.39822 1.11243 1.22254
2 0.89582 0.39822 1.11131 1.22379

3 0.69822 0.39822 1.08336 1.25535

4 0.57542 0.39822 0.3499 2.5
5 1.04157 0.84157 0.34568 2.5
6 1.05887 1.07587 0.33072 2.5

Figure 9 Period vs. Acceleration curve

3.3.1 Displacement
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

To study the structure strength maximum displacement value were compared through analysis
for all the structures in all three directions for a fixed height of the structure and tabulated in
Table no 5. It was observed that from 0 to 10 degree with increase in inclination angle decrease
the displacement value.

Table 5 DISPLACEMENT WITH INCLINATION ANGLE

MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT (CM)

X-TRANS Y -TRANS Z-TRANS
0 0.7751 0.0710 0.2684
7 0.6057 0.0701 0.2341

10 0.4624 0.0034 0.1876

20 2.2124 0.0962 0.4451

3.4 COST AND QUANTITY ANALYSIS

The economical impact of a construction cost above expected is the possible loss of the
economic justification for the project. A cost overrun can also be critical for creating policies
within sustainable development on the basis of economic costs as stated by Betlejewska,2015.
Hence quantity of concrete and steel which produce major costs in construction must be
economical Table 4 shows the quantity of concrete and steel variation with inclination angle of
column.

Table 6 Quantity of concrete and steel

TYPES CONCRETE(in cu STEEL(in

m) ton)
0 101 68974
7 100 98797
10 90 65905
20 87 111761

CONCLUSION

1135
 Jaiswal, Prusty - zigzag structure

A multi-storied building has analyzed with variation in inclination angle of column subjected to
seismic and wind load. Its seismic behavior was investigated by response spectrum method. The
finding is summarized as below:

1. Storey drift value obtained through analysis is varying with inclination angle and upto 10
degree inclination is decreasing.
2. Base shear verses inclination curve indicate that for a constant base height 10 degree inclined
zigzag structure gives minimum base shear.
3. From response spectrum analysis different mode shape has obtained for different frequencies
of all four structures.

REFERENCES

ASCE-7 2002“Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures”American Society of Civil Engineers
2002.

Hu, Kai, et al. "Study on High-rise Structure with Oblique Columns by ETABS, SAP2000, MIDAS/GEN and
SATWE." Procedia Engineering 31 (2012): 474-480.

Indian Standard IS-1893 (2002) “Criteria for earthquake resistantdesign of structures” BUREAU OF INDIAN
STANDARDS Part 1 2002.

Katkhoda, Azzam. "Optimization in the Selection of Structural Systems for the Design of Reinforced Concrete High-
Rise Buildings in Resisting Seismic Forces." Energy Procedia 19 (2012): 269-275.

KonaNarayana Reddy, Dr.E.Arunakanthi (2017) “A Study on Multi-Storeyed Building with Oblique Columns by
using ETABS ”International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6, Issue
2,February 2017.

Mo, Y. L., et al. "Seismic performance of a two-story unsymmetrical reinforced concrete building under reversed
cyclic bi-directional loading." Engineering Structures 145 (2017): 333-347.

Sree Harsha, J., K. Raghu, and G. Narayana. "Analysis Of Tall Buildings For Desired Angle Of Diagrids." IJRET:
International Journal Of Research In Engineering And Technology 4.04 (2015).

Stasiak-Betlejewska, Renata, and Marek Potkány. "Construction Costs Analysis and its Importance to the
Economy." Procedia Economics and Finance 34 (2015): 35-42.

Indian Standard IS-1893 (2002) “Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures” BUREAU OF INDIAN
STANDARDS Part 1 2002

Standard, Indian. "IS-456. 2000." Plain and Reinforced Concrete-Code of Practice”, Bureau of Indian Standards,
Manak Bhawan 9 (2000).

Wang, Peijun, Zipeng Xue, and Shaowen Xiao. "Seismic behavior of Self-Buckling-Restrained Steel Plate Shear
Wall made by two incline-slotted infill plates." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 133 (2017): 47-64.
 The International Conference on Composite Materials and Structures ,2017
Indian Institute of technology ,Hyderabad

Süleyman Adanur, Ahmet Can Altunişik, Kurtuluş Soyluk, Alemdar Bayraktar, A. Aydın
Dumanoğlu, Multiple-support seismic response of Bosporus Suspension Bridge for various
random vibration methods, Case Studies in Structural Engineering, Volume 5,2016,Pages 54-
67,ISSN 2214-3998, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csse.2016.04.001.

1137

View publication stats