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References: Treatment, Page 227-229

The document provided references from various scholarly sources on osteoarthritis including its pathophysiology, clinical features, causes, risk factors and treatment options. Laboratory results from renal function tests, liver function tests, complete blood counts, urine tests and blood cultures were also included from multiple dates to monitor the patient's condition over time.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
68 views6 pages

References: Treatment, Page 227-229

The document provided references from various scholarly sources on osteoarthritis including its pathophysiology, clinical features, causes, risk factors and treatment options. Laboratory results from renal function tests, liver function tests, complete blood counts, urine tests and blood cultures were also included from multiple dates to monitor the patient's condition over time.

Uploaded by

Nur Azzahana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REFERENCES

Campbell, F. (2019, July 12). Osteoarthritis - Pathophysiology - Clinical Features. Retrieved


from https://teachmesurgery.com/orthopaedic/principles/osteoarthritis/.

Chris, J. (2018, October 31). Osteoarthritis: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment. Retrieved
from https://brighamhealthhub.org/spine/osteoarthritis-learn-about-the-most-common-
form-of-arthritis.

Lippincott Williams &Wilkins (2008), Visual Nursing: A guide to disease, skills and
treatment, page 227-229

Lozada, C. J. (2019, October 21). Osteoarthritis. Retrieved from


https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview.

Mayo Clinic, Osteoarthritis, (May 8, 2019). Retrieved


from:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/symptoms-
causes/syc-20351925.

Pamela L. Swearingen (2004), All in one care planning resource medical-surgical, pediatric ,
maternity and psychpsychiatric nursing care plans, page 545-550

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. (2018, December 16). Retrieved from


https://labtestsonline.org/tests/therapeutic-drug-monitoring.

White, L., Duncan, G., & Baumle, W. (2013). Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd ed.). New
York, USA: Delmar Cengage Learning.

William, C. Hind, G. Downie, J. Mackenzie, (2008), Pharmacology and medicines


management for nurses (4th Edition), page 448-449

Yusof, N. A., Che Muhammad, C. A., & Hassan, A. N. (2016). Anatomy of Musculoskeletal
System in the Light of the Qur’an and Hadith. “2nd World Congress on Integration
and Islamization”, 17(1), 97–103. Retrieved from
http://iiumedic.net/imjm/v1/download/volume_17_special_issue_1/Pages-from-
2WCIIv1-097-103.pdf
APPENDIX

Renal function test

Component Unit Normal Range Result Remarks

Sodium mmol/L 136-146 127 Normal

Potassium mmol/L 3.5-5.1 4.4 Normal

Chloride mmol/L 101-109 94 Normal

Urea mmol/L 2.8-7.2 5.2 Normal

Creatinine umol/L 58-96 61 Normal

eGFR - >90 80 Normal

Liver function test

Total protein(serum) g/L 66-83 76 Normal

Albumin (serum) g/L 35-52 33 Normal

Globulin(serum) g/L 23-35 43 Abnormal

AG ratio(serum) 0.8 Normal

AST GOT (serum) U/L <35 35 Normal

ALT (serum) U/L <35 25 Normal

Alkaline Phosphate(serum) U/L 30-120 85 Normal

Total bilirubin(serum) umol/L 5-21 7 Normal

D bilirubin (serum) umol/L <3.4 1.4 Normal

CRP (serum) mg/dL <=0.5 4.39 Normal

Calcium (serum) mmol/L 2.20-2.65 2.16 Normal


I bilirubin(serum) umol/L - 5.6 Normal

Phosphate (serum) mmol/L 0.81-1.45 1 Normal

Magnesium (serum) mmol/L 0.77-1.03 0.85 Normal

Complete blood count

Haemoglobin g/L 120.0-150.0 126 Normal

Haematocrit L/L 0.36-0.46 0.38 Normal

RBC 10^12/L 3.80-4.80 4.3 Normal

MCV fL 77-97 88 Normal

MCH pg 27.0-32.0 29.4 Normal

MCHC g/L 315-345 335 Normal

RDW % 11.6-14 14 Normal

WBC 10^9/L 4.0-10.0 11.9 Abnormal

Platelet 10^/L 150-400 339 Normal

Neutrophil % % 71.5

Neutrophil # 10^9/L 2.00-7.00 8.5 Abnormal

Lymphocyte % % 717

Lymphocyte # 10^9/L 1.00-3.00 2 Normal

Monocyte % % 9.8

Monocyte # 10^9/L 0.20-1.00 1.2 Abnormal

Eosinophil % % 1.4

Eosinophil # 10^9/L 0.02-0.50 0.2 Normal


Basophil % % 0.3

Basophil # 10^9/L 0.02-0.10 0 Normal

NRBc /100WBC 0

NRBC # 10^9/L 0

Urine FEME

Biochemistry

Glucose Negative

Protein Trace

Bilirubin Negative

Urobilinogen Normal

pH 5.0-7.0 5

Haemoglobin Negative

Ketone Negative

Nitrite Negative

Leukocytes Negative

Clarity Clear

Specific gravity 1.005-1.030 1.012

Colour Yellow

Ascorbic acid Negative

Microscopy

Bacteria /uL 1

Red blood cell /uL <16 4 Normal


Squamous epithelial /uL <33 2 Normal

White blood cell /uL <33 17 Normal

Blood C & S

Specimen # BC B190009535

Specimen source (blood) Blood culture (Aerobic)

Culture No growth after 5 days of incubation

Table 3: Diagnostic test of 14/10/2019

Renal function test

Component Unit Normal Range Result Remarks

Sodium mmol/L 136-146 133 Normal

Potassium mmol/L 3.5-5.1 3.3 Normal

Chloride mmol/L 101-109 98 Normal

Urea mmol/L 2.8-7.2 3.6 Normal

Creatinine umol/L 58-96 65 Normal

eGFR - >90 80 Normal

Complete blood test

Haemoglobin g/L 120.0-150.0 105 Normal

Haematocrit L/L 0.36-0.46 0.31 Normal

RBC 10^12/L 3.80-4.80 3.48 Normal

MCV fL 77-97 88 Normal

MCH pg 27.0-32.0 30.2 Normal

MCHC g/L 315-345 343 Normal

RDW % 11.6-14 13 Normal

WBC 10^9/L 4.0-10.0 9.8 Normal

Platelet 10^/L 150-400 364 Normal


Neutrophil % % 78.4

Neutrophil # 10^9/L 2.00-7.00 7.7 Abnormal

Lymphocyte % % 11.5

Lymphocyte # 10^9/L 1.00-3.00 1.1 Abnormal

Monocyte % % 5.9

Monocyte # 10^9/L 0.20-1.00 0.6 Normal

Eosinophil % % 3.9

Eosinophil # 10^9/L 0.02-0.50 0.4 Normal

Basophil % % 0.3

Basophil # 10^9/L 0.02-0.10 0 Normal

NRBc /100WBC 0

NRBC # 10^9/L 0
Table 4: Diagnostic test of 21/10/2019

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