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Historical Development of Science Technology

The document outlines the historical development of science and technology from pre-historic times through the modern period. It describes key developments in areas like tools, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, communication, and inventions during periods such as the Stone Age, Ancient civilizations, Medieval times, Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. Famous scientists from the early modern period are also highlighted, including Galileo, Einstein, Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton for their contributions to fields like astronomy, physics, and mechanics. Advances in medicine during this time include the microscope, thermometer, pasteurization, x-rays, and discovery of penicillin.

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Joyce Camantigue
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3K views4 pages

Historical Development of Science Technology

The document outlines the historical development of science and technology from pre-historic times through the modern period. It describes key developments in areas like tools, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, communication, and inventions during periods such as the Stone Age, Ancient civilizations, Medieval times, Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Industrial Revolution. Famous scientists from the early modern period are also highlighted, including Galileo, Einstein, Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton for their contributions to fields like astronomy, physics, and mechanics. Advances in medicine during this time include the microscope, thermometer, pasteurization, x-rays, and discovery of penicillin.

Uploaded by

Joyce Camantigue
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Historical Development of Science & Technology

Pre-Historic Period / Stone Age


 Stone tools have been the first recognized technology
 H. habilis and H. rudolfensis were associated with broken pebbles.
 H. ergaster and H. erectus created a single cutting edge that we call hand axes
(or bifaces) and scrapers or choppers.
 H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H.sapiens devised awls or needles as
well as burins (engraving tools).
 Mathematics & Astronomy were linked as tally marks or counters, as calendars,
and as records of the lunar cycle.

Ancient Period
 Mesopotamian Civilization
o Sumerian Civilization
 Communication: development of the first handwriting system known
as cuneiform.
 Architecture: built the City of Uruk using mud or clay from the river,
mixed with reeds, producing sun-baked bricks
o Babylonian Civilization
 Astronomy: knew the rule that lunar eclipses could only be possible
during new moons and lunar eclipses only during full moons.

 Egyptian Civilization
 Architecture: known for the construction of pyramids
 Astronomy and Mathematics: helped them in constructing pyramids
 Communication: they contributed the use of paper or papyrus
 Ancient Chinese Civilization
 Astronomy and Mathematics: calculated the occurrence of eclipses
 Inventions: gunpowder, paper, woodblock printing, compass
 Greek Civilization
 Architecture: invented Doric, Ionic and Corinthian columns. The
Parthenon is the famous example.
 Inventions: the major inventions are the alarm clock and water mill.
 Roman Civilization
 Architecture: made buildings such as basilica, monumental
aqueduct, amphitheater and granary building that are intricately
decorative.
 Mathematics: the Roman Numeral System
 Communication: the first newspaper in this civilization is the gazette
 Record Keeping: produced the first books or codex
Medieval Period / Middle age
 Intellectual activities focused on Christian faith
 Men were not inclined to investigate scientific matter (Dark Age)
 Inventions: heavy plough, spinning wheel, printing press

Modern Period
 Early Modern Period
 Renaissance
 It means “rebirth”.
 intellectuals who embraced new ideas and more inventions
 Scientific Revolution
 the emergence of modern science with developments in
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry.
 Age of Enlightenment
 was an intellectual movement developed mainly in France, Britain
and Germany which advocated freedom, democracy and reason as
the primary values of society.
 Mid Modern Period
 Industrial Revolution was crucial to this period.
 the source of power for industry and transport system was the
steam engine invented by Thomas Newcomen.
 Contemporary Period
 World War I and II: development on war technologies were evident
 Space Age: first man-made satellite; first landing on the surface of
Mars; first human in space

Famous scientists in the early modern period

Galileo Galilei – Father of Modern Astronomy and Modern Physics


Albert Einstein – Father of Modern Science

Nicolaus Copernicus – Heliocentric Theory

Johannes Kepler – Laws of Planetary Motion

Sir Isaac Newton – Laws of Motion

Field of Medicine

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek – microscope


Santorio - thermometer

Louis Pasteur - pasteurization

Wilhelm Roentge - x-rays

Alexander Fleming - penicillin

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