Noun phrases: (article / possessive adj/ desmontrativepron)+ Adv + Adj + noun
Positions of Adv
Vbe + Adv + Adj
Vbe + Adj
Vord + Adv/ Vmodal + adv + Vmain
Sentence patterns
S + V (intr v)
Ex: The dog is barking.
S + V + SC (subject complement)
Ex: The child looks healthy.
S + V + O (tr v)
Ex: Mr. Smith writes that book.
S + V + IO + DO (tr v) / S + V + DO + Prep + IO
Ex: My parents gave me a bicycle.
Ex: My parents gave a bicycle to me.
S + V + O + OC (tr v) Ex: They elected him their monitor.
Because / Because of
Because + clause
1. The weather was terrible. They canceled the match.
Because ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Because of + phrase
2. The weather was terrible. They canceled the match.
1
Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. We didn’t go on a trip because of the bad weather.
Because ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. He received a poor grade. His answers were incomplete.
Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Although / Even though / Though / Despite / In spite of
Although / Even though / Though + clause
Despite / In spite of + phrase
5. Though it rained heavily, we went for a walk in the park.
In spite of ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
Although ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Although the play received good notices, not many people went to see it.
Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. In spite of her terrible headache, she followed the group to see the sights.
Although ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In case + clause (khôngdùng ‘will’, chỉ dùngthìhiệntại): trongtrườnghợp…, đểphòngkhi…
9. You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches.
In case ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. You should take plenty of spare parts because your car might break down on the rough
mountain road.
In case …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Not only … but (also): Khôngnhững … màcòn
11. Peter goes to university. He has a full-job.
Peter not only …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. They bought a coat. They bought an umbrella.
2
They bought ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
It takes (took) + time +To V0 It takes (took) + sb + time + To V0
13. It is a six- hour drive from London to Edinburgh.
It takes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. She repaired her bike about three hours.
It took …………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The officer spent two hours examining my passport.
It took ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. It took a long time for them to decide to get married.
They ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. He polished the car in half an hour.
It took him ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Passive voice – Active voice
ACTIVE: Graham Bell invented the telephone.
S V O
PASSIVE: The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
S V (BE + V3/ED) tácnhân
Thìđơn: Be *+ being + V3/-ed
Thìtiếpdiễn: Be *+ being + V3/-ed
Thìhoànthành: have/ has/ had + been + V3/-ed
Độngtừkhiếmkhuyết: modal + be+ V3/-ed
(*) Be chia tươngứngtheothì, cóthểlà: am/ is/ are/ was/ were
18. The scientists are studying the problem carefully.
The problem …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
19. Millions of people use the Internet every day.
The Internet ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. The first fax machine was manufactured by Muirhead, Ltd., of England.
Muirhead, Ltd., of England ……………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Computers are controlling traffic signals.
3
Traffic signals …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. They were giving the presenters some flowers when he left the conference.
The presenters ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. CDs and iPods have replaced records.
Records …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Many young people embrace technological advances.
Technological advances ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. The children are making good progress.
Good progress …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Have/ get + someone + V0 (Nancy got the tailor make her dress).
26. Mary had Peter take her some flowers.
Mary asked ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
27. The researcher asked students to complete his questionnaire.
The researcher got ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Make sb/sth/yourself + adj make sb/sth do sth
28. They have difficulty in pleasing her once she gets upset.
It is ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Need
Needlàđtkhiếmkhuyếtthườngdùng ở dạngphủđị nhlàneedn’t + V0
Need làđtthườngthì:
Svật+ need + V-ing/ to be V3/-ed (mangnghĩabị động)
Ex: The floor needs to be cleaned = The floor needs cleaning.
Sngười+ need+ to infinitve (mangnghĩachủđộng)
Ex: He needs to take a rest
Ex: She doesn’t need to go to the market.
Conditional sentences
4
Type 1: (cóthểxảyra ở hiệntạihoặctươnglai)
If + present tense (s. present /present perfect/ present cont.)//imperative form,
modal + V0
(Modal: can/ will/ may/ shall/ must…)
Ex: If someone comes in the shop, smile and say “May I help you?”
Type 2: (chỉ dkkhôngthểxảyra ở hiệntại)
If + past tense, S + could/ would/ might + V0
Type 3: (chỉ dkkhôngthểxảyra ở quákhứ)
If + S+ had +V3/ed, S+ would/could/ might+ have +V3/ed
Notes
If = as long as= provided/ providing (that) = suppose (that)
Unless = if…not, unless thườngdùngtrongcâuđk loại1
Should you need = if you need (đảongữcủacâuđkloại 1)
If I were you = were I you; if he came = Did he come (đảongữcủacâuđkloại 2)
If I had (not) been… = Had (not) I been… (đảongữcủacâuđkloại 3)
Cáchviếtcâuđiềukiện:
- Nếutìnhhuốnglàmẫucâuchứa OR/ OR else/ Otherwise/ Unlessđkloại 1
- Nếutìnhhuống ở thìhiệntại → viếtthànhcâuđkloại 2
- Nếutìnhhuống ở thìquákhứ → viếtthànhcâuđkloại 3
29. If you’ve already talked to them, take no notice of this bill. (CH2010)
You don’t need ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
30. The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. Leave early or you will miss the train.
If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Too … for … to V0
too +adj/ adv + for O + to inf (quáđếnnỗi … khôngthể)
- The coffee is too hot for him to drink.
- He runs too fast for me to follow.
So … that
so + adj/adv + that
- The party was so noisy that we couldn’t hear anything.
Enough
5
Enough + N Adj + enough
- We don’t have enough money for the project
- He is not strong enough to lift the rock.
32. The furniture was so expensive that they didn’t buy it.
It ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
33. The bridge was too low for the bus to go under.
The bridge was so ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
It + be + adj + to V0 Find … adj … to V0
34. It is easy to get to the art- gallery.
Getting ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
35. Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult.
It is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
36. Entrepreneurs have difficulty in applying social marketing.
Entrepreneurs find it …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reported speech
- Lùixuống 1 thì so vớicâutrựctiếp
- Đổicácthànhphầncâuchophùhợp (trạngngữ, chủtừ, túctừ, tínhtừsởhữu)
- Khôngđảongữ (S + V+O)
- Câuhỏi Yes/ No: thêmif or whether
- Câuhỏibắtđầuvới WH-/ H- : khôngthêm if/ whether/ that
Ex: “How far is it from your house to the school?” the teacher said
The teacher wanted to knowhow far it was from my house to the school.
37. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter
Peter asked …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
38. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
The office manager wondered ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
39. “Keep away from this area,” said the security guard, when we approached the fence.
6
The security guard told ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
40. The doctor said, “You can safely begin a new exercise program.”
The doctor said ……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………
Start / begin (qk) for/ since (htht)
41. This customer has saved the points since 2009.
This customer started ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
42. The businessmen started discussing the problem two months ago.
The businessmen have ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
43. They have been living in Germany for five years now. (CH 2008)
They started ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
44. John started working as a news reporter two months ago.
John has ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
As … As Comparison
Form: as/ so + adj/ adv + as
- He can run as quickly as his brother does.
- She is not so/ as intelligent as her sister.
Comparative
a. short adj/ adv: adj/ adv + -er .+ than
- He runs faster than I do.
- She looks prettier than she used to.
b. long adj/ adv: more + adj/ adv + than
- She drives much more carefully than he does.
- Peter is far more intelligent than Pat.
Superlative
a. short adj/ adv: the + adj/ adv + est
- Mary is the tallest girl in my class).
b. long adj/ adv: the most + adj/ adv
- This is the most interesting movie that I have ever watched).
Notes
S S HƠN and S S HƠN (ngàycàng…)
- It gets colder and colder in the winter.
- The food becomes more and more delicious.
S S KÉP (càng……..,càng)
Form:The + SS hơn……….., the + SS hơn
- The richer he is, the happier he becomes.
- The more you eat, the fatter you become.
- The farther you walked, the more tired you will feel.
7
Adjtậncùngbằng –ed/ -ingđượcxemlàadjdài
Cáctínhtừ, trạngtừbấtquytắc
Adj/adv Sshơn SS nhất
Good/ well Better The best
Bad/ badly Worse The worst
Far Farther/ further The farthest/ furthest
Many/ much More The most
Little Less The least
Few Fewer The fewest
Trướctínhtừsshơncóthể them cáctừnhư:
Much, a lot, far (= a lot), a bit = a little (mộtít), slightly
Ex: Let’s go by bus. It’s much cheaper. (Or It’s a lot cheaper.)
45. The science librarian is more helpful than the history librarian. (CH 2006)
The history librarian ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
46. My friend and I are the same height.
I am …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
47. Charles is older than Liz by two years.
Liz ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
48. She manages the marketing company better than her brother.
Her brother ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
49. Peter plays soccer better than John.
John doesn’t ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
So (+)/ Too (+)/ Either (-)/ Neither (-) also (Adv)
- John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we.
- John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did, too.
- I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either.
- I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John.
50. Times have changed. I have changed.
Times have changed, and ………………………………………………………………………………………………
51. They’re not hungry. We aren’t hungry.
They’re not hungry, and ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
52. He remembered, and so did she.
He didn’t …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8
Other kinds of sentence transformation
53. He sat down and made himself at home.
He made himself …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
54. Susan has been away for more than a week.
Susan hasn’t been …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
55. Do you use a computer well?
Are you ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
56. My father said I could use his car.
My father allowed …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
57. I can’t understand why you didn’t come and see me earlier.
What I can ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
58. This is the first time we have seen this film.
We have not ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
59. Kate hasn’t taken a driving test before.
This is the first time ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
60. “Why hasn’t Robert come?” She asked herself.
She wondered …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
-The end-
