The double integration method is a powerful tool in solving deflection and slope of a beam at any point because we will be able to get the equation of the elastic curve. In calculus, the radius of curvature of a curve y = fi) is given by (1+ (dy/dey? PP |@Py/dz? | In the derivation of flexure formula, the radius of curvature of a beam is given as r M Deflection of beams is so small, such that the slope of the elastic curve dy/dx is very small, and squaring this expression the value becomes practically negligible, hence 1 1 P* Byjat yy Thus, EL / M=1/y" If El is constant, the equation may be written as: Ely" =M Problem 605, Determine the maximum deflection é in a simply supported beam of length L carrying a concentrated load P at midspan. Solution 605 + Click here to show or hide the solution Ely" = 4Px—P(z— 31) Ely’ = 4Pz2?-4P(r- An +c, Ely = 4gPr* — 4P(z- 3L)8 + C+ Cp Atx = 0, y= 0, therefore, C, = 0 Atx=Ly: O= pPL -tpP(iD-4Ls4+en —1 py ip O= GPL? — GPL + Ok C=-2Pr Thus, Ely= pps - 4P(z- ay = Se Maximum deflection will occur at x = #2 L (midspan) El yoaz = 73P(3L)° — GP(SE — 3 ePE(3L) El ymax = PL? —0- BPL* __ PL maz ~~ 48 ET The negative sign indicates that the deflection is below the undeformed neutral axis. Therefore, PLS 48ET Omar = answerProblem 606 Determine the maximum deflection é in a simply supported beam of length L carrying a uniformly distributed load of intensity w, applied over its entire length. Solution 606 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution From the figure below Ely" = Suber — wor(}z) Ely" = Awol — Lwo2” Ely’ = two? — wor? + Cr Ely= fwobs* — fwor' + Cy + Cy Atx = 0, y=, therefore C, =0 Atx=Ly=o 0= welt — fwol* + CxL C1=—fwel* Ely= jwols* — Zwor! — Zwol*z Maximum deflection will occur at x = ¥2 L (midspan) EL Yaz = FyWol(ZL)* — xwol $L)* — ywol*(3L) _ Bwal* omas — 334 BT Taking W = weL: _ 5(woL)(E") maz =" 3347 Swi ome = 38a BT Problem 607 Determine the maximum value of Ely for the cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig. P- 607, Take the origin at the wall. Solution 607 + Click here to show or hide the solution Ely" =—Pa+ Px — P({z-a) Ely! =—Pax + 3Pz" — 3P(z—a)?+C4 Ely=—4Paz* + iPz3 — iP(z-a)3 + Cr+ Cy Therefore, answer veP Atx=0, y= 0, therefore C, = 0 Atx = 0, y=0, therefore C, =0Therefore, Ely=—4Paz* + iPz3 — iP(z-a)? The maximum value of Ely is at x = L (free end) EI Yue = — 3 Pal? + 1PL3 — 1P(L — a)? EI Ymar = —3PaL? + $PL* — }P(L4 — 31a + 31a? — a*) — ipa? 4 tpr— tp 4 4ppta—t 1p} EL Yan =—3P aL? + $PL' — $PL + 4PLa— 4PLa’ + Pa EI ymax = —4PLa® + }Pa5 El ymax =—3PLa® + 4Pa* EI ymar = —}Pa?(3L — a) answer Find the equation of the elastic curve for the cantilever beam shown in Fig. P-608; it carries a load that varies from zero at the wall to w, at the free end. Take the origin at the wall. Figure P-608 Solution 608 + Click here to show or hide the solution v= tub M = 4wol(2L) M = 4wol? By ratio and proportion 2 wy zs L Augl? + dwbr - 12 ee 2) Ey" well Moly Hes gry "2 wel 2 Me at +04 ery = ol? ge, Mgt pape + Cie + C2 Atx=0, y= 0, therefore C, = 0 Atx=0,y=0, therefore C, = 0 Therefore the equation ofthe das cares _ wo 3 _wo Bly= ee 12 Don” Probl. son As shown in Fig. P-609, a simply supported beam carries two symmetrically placed concentrated loads. Compute the maximum deflection 8. P r ||. Ri Re Figure P-609 Problem 608Solution 609 Click here to show or hide the solution By symmetry Wy = Ry= P Ely" = Pz — P(g—a)— Piz -L +a) Ely! = 3 Pz? — 5P(x—a)? - $P(z—-L+a)? +c, Ely=4P2*—iP(z—a))— 3 Picg-L+ayt Cit Ri =P R2=P k L | Atx = 0, y =o, therefore C, = 0 Atr=Ly=o o=}PL—iP(L—a)¥+o,b o= PL} — p(t} — 30a + aba" — a*) — Pa® + 6G4L 0= PIA — PL + 3PL°a— 3PLa® + Pa® — Pa® + 6C,L 0=3PL?a—3PLa® +6C,L 0=3PLa(L —a) +6C,L C1 =-4Pa(L a) Therefore, Ely=jPz° — iP(2—a)' — P(z—L+a)*— }Pa(L—a)z Maximum deflection will occur at x = ¥2 L (midspan) El ymax = £P(4L)8 — 3 P(4L — a)? — 4Pa(L —a)(4L) El ymax = PL’ — ¢P([4(L —2a)|* — 5PL?a + 4PLa® El Yaz = PLS — 3 P[L* — 817(2a) + 8L(2a)? — (2a)*] — 4PL?a + }P La? El ymax = 4 PL? — 4 PIS + LPI2a— AP La? + 1 Pa? — 1PI?a + Pia? El Ymaz = —}P La + 1 Pat El ymaz = — 4; Pa (3L? — 4a”) Pa ~ gap OL" — 40°) Yaz Snax = (80? — 4a?) answer / 24ET Problem 610 ‘The simply supported beam shown in Fig, P-610 carries a uniform load of intensity w, symmetrically distributed over part of its length. Determine the maximum deflection 8 and check your result by letting a = o and comparing with the answer to Problem 606. Ws 2 2» a L Figure P-610 Solution 610 ~Click here to show or hide the solution By symmetry [Ry = Ry = bw, Ely" = bwoz — }wo(z — a)” Ely! = Zbwor® — dwo(z — a}? + Cy Ely = dbupz? — drwo(z —a)4 + Cyn + Cy|Atx = 0, y=, therefore C, =0 Atx=a+by'=0 0 = }bwo(a +B)? — 2wob? + Cr C= twob® — Fbwola +6)? Therefore, Ely = Lbwor* — Jiwo(z —a)* + Lwab?z — Zbwo(a + 6)?x Maximum deflection will occur at x = a +b (midspan) EL ynaz = Gbwo(a +b) — Zew9b! + ZwobS(a +b) — Zbwola+ b)* EL Yaz = —jbwo(a + 6)* — Swab + tw,bS(a+ b) EI Ymaz = — 3; wob [ 8(a + b)* + bF — 467(a + )] Therefore, Sac = He [a(0-+0)8 +08 —A0%a+0)] answer Checking: When a = 0, 2b = L,thusb=*2L wo) Lp? + (4)? — 44204 4 Sma = Srp |8(0 + ZL)" + (3L)* — 42) + 32)] ol Bas = EOL? + 417 — 418] — ol 573 Omar = Geppl ae" | SwyLt Smaz=seapp (Okay Problem 611 Compute the value of EI é at midspan for the beam loaded as shown in Fig, P-611. IfE = 10 GPa, what value of] is required to limit the midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span? 300 N/m 2m —>e— 2m Figure P-611 Solution 611 ~Click here to show or hide the solution EMp =0 41 = 300(2)(3) Ry =450N =Mgi =0 AR» = 300(2)(1) Ry = 150N Ro =150N Ely" = 450z — 4(300)z? + 3(300)(2—2)? Ely" = 4502 — 1502? + 150(2 — 2)" Bly! = 2252? — 5025 + 50(z—2)8 + ©, Ely=75x3 — 12.524 + 12.5(2-2)4+ Cyr +sAtx=0,y=0, therefore C, =0 Atx=4m,y=0 0 = 75(43) — 12.5(44) + 12.5(4 — 2)4 + 4c, i= —450N- m? Therefore, Ely= 75x — 12.524 + 12.5(2— 2)4 — 4502 At = 2m (midspan) ET Yruitspan = 75(27) — 12.5(24) + 12.5(2 — 2)* — 450(2) EI Ymidspan = —500.N - m3 EV brridspan = 500N - m3 Maximum midspan deflection Srnidspan = qb = ag (4) = hm Srniaepan = 222 mmm Thus, 100007 (42) = 500(1000%) T= 4500000 mm T=45x 108mm! answer Problem 612 ‘Compute the midspan value of El 6 for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-612. 600 n/m TUIULTTT 3m zm Ry Figure P-612 Solution 612 Click here to show or hide the solution =Mm—=0 6R, = 600(3)(3.5) Ry = 1050N EMa =0 R, = 1050.8 6 Re = 600(3) (2.5) R= 750N 2 = 750.N Ey" = 10502 — 4(600)(z —1)? + 4(600)(x — 4)? Ely" = 10502 — 300(x — 1)? + 300{2 — 4)? Ely’ = 5%x? — 100(z—1)* + 100(z—4)8 +01 Ely=17525 —25(2—1)4+25(2—4)44Oyr+ Cy Atx = 0,y=0, therefore C, =0 Atx=6my=o 0 = 175(6") — 25(6 — 1) + 25(6 —4)* +60, Cy = —8762.5N -m? Therefore, Ely =17523 —25(2 —1)4+25(2 —4)4 — 3762.52 At midspan, x = 3m. EI Ypniaepan = 175(3*) — 25(3 — 1) — 3762.5(3) EI Yrnidepan = —6962.5N «m3 Thus, EI 6 idepan = 6962.5 «mi? answerProblem 613 IFE = 20 « 10° psi, what value of is required to limit the midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in Fig, P-613? 2400 Ibvft ant se hoe Ry R Figure P-613 Solution 613 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution EM =0 128; = 2400(6)(5) Ri = 60001b EMg, =0 122 = 2400(6)(7) Ry =84001b = 60008 6 ——ok- 28 ET y" = 6000z — 3(2400) (x — 4)? + 3(2400) (x — 10)? Ely" = 60002 — 1200 (x — 4)? + 1200(z— 10)? Ely! = 30002? — 400 (r — 4)3 + 400 (2 — 10)? + C, Ely = 100023 — 100(z—4)4 + 100(2— 10)4+ Cir + Ca Atx= 0, y=, therefore C, = 0 Atx=12fy=0 0 = 1000(12*) — 100(12 — 4) + 100(12 — 10)4 + 120, Cy = —110000 Ib - ft Therefore EI y= 100023 — 100 (z — 4)4 + 100 (z — 10)4 — 1100002 E = 29 «10° psi L=12ft At midspan, x = 6 ft y =-1/360 (12) = -1/30 ft = -2/5in Thus, EI y= 10002" — 100 (xz — 4)4 + 100 (2 — 10)4 — 1100002 ') = [ 1000/6) + 100(24) — 110 000(6) ](12*) T= 66.38 in‘ answer (29 x 10°) 1(—2Problem 614 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig, P-614, calculate the slope of the elastic curve over ‘the right support. 100 Ib/ft eae Figure P-614 Solution 614, Click here to show or hide the solution =Mm=0 8R; + 240(2) = 100(4)(6) Wy = 240 Ib =Mm=0 8Rs = 240(10) + 100(4)(2) R= 400 1b 240 Ib aft aft 2k Ry = 400 Ib Ely" = 240x — 4(100)z? + 3(100) (x — 4)? + 400 (2-8) EI y" = 2402 — 602? + 50 (2 — 4)? + 400(2—8) Ely’ = 1202? — B23 + B(z-4)%4+200(2-8)7 +04 Ely= 402" — Bart + B(z—4y*+ (2-8 + C+ Cr Atx = 0, y =o, therefore C, = 0 Atx=8f,y=o 0 = 40(83) - (25/6)(84) + (25/6)(44) + BC, C, = 360 bt? Thus, Ely! = 1202? — B23 + 2B (2-43 + 200(2- 8)" — 560 At the right support, x = 8 ft Ely’ = 120(8") — 2(*) + 24°) — 560 Ely! =—2-w? 1040 Y= ger Problem 615, Compute the value of El y at the right end of the overhanging beam shown in Fig. P-615. Ib-f? answer 1000 Ib 400 yt R ® Figure P-615, Solution 615 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution =Mp =0 10R, + 400(3)(1.5) = 1000(4) iy = 2201bEMp=0 102 = 400(3)(11.5) + 1000(6) Ro = 19801b Ry = 220 Ib Ry = 1980 Ib Ely" = 220z — 1000 {x — 6) + 1980 (x — 10) — 4(400) (z - 10)? Ely" = 220z — 1000 {2 — 6) +1980 (x — 10) — 200 (x — 10)? Ely! = 1102" — 500 (x — 6)? + 990 (x — 10)? — 22 (2-10)? +, Ely = 29,3 — (2 6)3 + 330(2—10)3 — @ (z—10)4 + Cz + Ce Atx = 0, y=0, therefore C, = 0 Atx=10f,y=0 (0 = (110/3)(105) - (500/3)(43) + 100, C, = -2600 lb-ft? Therefore, Ely= 4223 — © (26)? +330(2—10)' — 2 (2 — 10)* — 26002 At the right end of the beam, x = 13 ft Ely = *2 (139) — (7) + 330(3*) — B34) — 2600(13) Ely = —2850 Ib - ft? answer Problem 616 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-616, determine (a) the deflection and slope under the load P and (b) the maximum deflection between the supports. tt | Figure P-616 and P-617 7 Solution 616. + Click here to show or hide the solution Mp =0 x — al » aR, =P a Ry = (b/a) P =Mm =0 Re = (Ua) P fo L aR,=PL a Ep b L Ely" =—— Prt TP (2—a) By =—Epot + de(e-at ter b Ely= PA+EP(s—ai+ Crt At = 0, ¥ =o, therefore C, = 0 Atx=ay=0 o=-[b/ (6a)] Pad +ac, C, = (ab/6)P Therefore, =P py Epp ay? Ely’ = aa Pt + 9 Pie ayy oP 24 pega 4 @ Pol + P(2-a)+"PePart (a): Slope and deflection under the load P ‘Slope under the load P: (notex=a+b=1) so 9 a+b iy ab Ely’ = P(a + by +7 PB + eP o ab?+b) | ab y * ab Ely! = Bg P(@ + 2ab + 0°) + mm Pt GP ab Bo Pe ab Ely! =P PPT P+ Put ee Ely! =—10?p — 3 Ely’ =—4b (36+ 2a)P Ely! = —4b[2(a + 6) + 6]P Ely! =—2b(2L +6)P answer Deflection under the load P: (note x =a+b=1) 6 Ely=— P(a +b)? + Pw) + Srl +0) Bry=— Plat + 30% +3082 0) 4 P+ Spa +s) pry-—Ztp_ ae ep Ep, Eps Hp, Mp, wp 2 2 Ely=~—4ab*P— 1b*P Ely=—}(a+0)eP Ely=—4LeP answer Part (b): Maximum deflection between the supports The maximum deflection between the supports will occur at the point where y' = 0. ery =-+ L ab 2, hp gp. Pot +S P(x-a)+ SP 2a Aty'=0, (x-a) donot exist thus, by, ab wat +aP an EI Ymar = Zn ort Sr +9) EI Ymaz = are Se El Yaz = che (3 + 1) EL Ymar = or (3) El Yaz = Se answer Problem 617 Replace the load P in Prob. 616 by a clockwise couple M applied at the right end and determine the slope and deflection at the right end. Solution 617 + Click here to show or hide the solution Bry! =e (ea) M M Ely! =—F +s (ea +O M M Ely Gat t gq ea) +O CaAtx=0,y=0, therefore C2 =0 Atx=ay=-0 0 =-(M / 6a)(a%) + aC, C,=Ma/6 Therefore, _ M,.M >, Ma Ely! = yor + 5 (zap +e ry=— Mads Mega + MBs Slope atx=a+b ery =—S (a+) + Mor) Me Bry =— Mo? 4208 +0) 4 Mery MA Me | Mb? --1 a Bly’ =—4Ma—Mb-~ + ~ + gMa Ely! =—4Ma—Mb Ely’ =-1M(a +38) Ely’ =—4M[(a+6) +26] Ely =-1M(L+2b) answer Deflection atx=a+b Ely= laos Mees Mea +0) Mb’ | Ma M 2 Ely= b ) 6) y (a? + 3076 + 305? + 63) + + (a+b) Ma? Mab Mi? Mb® | Mb* | Ma’ | Mab Ely= ¥ Ga Ga! 6° 6 Ely=—4Mab—} Ely = —4Mb(2a + 3) Ely =—4Mb[2(a + 6) +6) Ely=—1Mb(2L +b) E16 =4Mb(2L +6) answer Problem 618 Asimply supported beam carries a couple M applied as shown in Fig. P-618, Determine ‘the equation of the elastic curve and the deflection at the point of application of the couple. Then letting a = Land a = 0, compare your solution of the elastic curve with ‘cases 11 and 22 in the Summary of Beam Loadings. Figure P-618 Solution 618 Click here to show or hide the solution ery! =e at(2 —a)® M Ely’ = 572? -M(x-a)+C M Ely= =r —pM(z—a) + yz + CeAtx=0,y=0, therefore C,=0 Atx=Ly=o O= 1 ME? — 1M(L— a)? +O,L O= i ML? — iM(z? — 2La +07) +C.L 0=3ML? - ML? + MLa- 3Ma?+CiL 0=-1MI? + MLa— 1Ma* + Gb (iL = $M? — Mia + $Ma™ Ma* C= jML— Ma + Therefore, = 3 _am(2—ay?+ (ime —Ma+ MO Ely= 52 - 4M (z-a) + (gun Ma+ SE) = answer Alxsa Ma fy, Ma™ pry= 3S + (gan — aa SE a 2Mai _ 1Ma— Ma? Ely=—,- + $MLa— Ma’ Ma El y= (20? + L? — 31a) y= ay e+ ) Mi Ely= (1? — 3La +20”) answer When a = o (moment load is at the left support): EI: =Ms_im, —a)?+ (4ME- Me 4 eet wep ee a “or )* M Ely= G2" — 3Mz? + 4MLz Mz, 9 2 Ely=— (2? - 312 +2, y= Gp +23") ery= ME (212 — rz +24) Ely= ME — 2)(2L —2) answer ‘When a = L (moment load is at the right support): M Ma M3 1M (2—aP+ (gate — ata ME Ely= we + (4ML- ML+4ML)z Ely= xe —4MLr Mz? — MI?z Bly= —Mr(—2? + L?) Ely=—— ery — —MLz(L? — 2?) “ 6r Ely= et — 27) pry=-ME (1- 2) answer 6 Problem 619 Determine the value of Ely midway between the supports for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-619. 200 N/m Figure P-619 Solution 619 + Click here to show or hide the solution EMe=0 6R, + 200(4)(0) = 1800 Ri = 300N EM =0 6Ry + 1800 = 200(4)(6) Ro = 500NEly" = 2002 — 1800 (2 — 2)" + 500(2—6) — 3(200) (2-4)? Ely" = 30z — 1800 (2 — 2)" + 500 (2-6) -—100(2—4)? Ely’ = 15027 — 1800(z—2)+250(2-6)?— Mirah +Qy Ely= 50x" — 900 (z—2)?+ (2-6)? B (2-4/4 + Cita Atx= 0, y= 0, therefore C, = 0 Atx=6m,y=0 © = 50(6%) - 900(4%) - (25/3)(24) + 6C, C, = 5600/9 N-m3 Therefore, Ely=50z" — 900 (x —2)?+ 32 (2-6)3- B(2—4)t+ BBs Atx=3m ETy = 50(3*) — 900(17) + 2°(3) Ely="2N-m? answer Problem 620 Find the midspan deflection é for the beam shown in Fig. P-620, carrying two triangularly distributed loads. (Hint: For convenience, select the origin of the axes at the midspan position of the elastic curve.) i oe R, Ry Solution 620 ~Click here to show or hide the solution ‘ ‘on: Y By ratio and proportion: ve us : t L/2 B BR We anit yo * —x we se v2 Ey symmetry: Ri Ry Ry = Ry = HL /2)(w,) Fy = H(b/2\(we) = du0ob 2 Fas jays je("2) = Sta? Ely" = Ry(z + gL) — File + 42) — Fo(32) Ely" = jwol(e + $L) — jwolle + 32) ~ P2*(42) Ely" = twgba + 4wyh? — Lwybr — hwyl? — ne Ey! = hwl? — Wo Ely! = dywol?s — jet te El y= gwol?2"— 222 + Cy + C2 Atx=0,)' = 0, therefore C,=0 Atx=%Ly=o 0 = (1/48)w,L? @2L)? - (w,60L)@2L)3 + C, © = (4/192), L4 - (1/1920)w, L4 + C, C, = -(3/640)W L4 Therefore, Ely= kw,1?2? — mae — quel! Atx = 0 (midspan) El Ymaz = — gay Vol* = EL ymax = — 7pm wol* Thus, _ wok! Smmidspan = 7020ET amswerProblem 621 Determine the value of E16 midway between the supports for the beam shown in Fig. P- 624. Check your result by letting a = o and comparing with Prob. 606. (Apply the hint given in Prob. 620.) R Ro Figure P-621 Solution 621 Click here to show or hide the solution By symmetry Ry = Ry= 4we(L + 2a) Ry = 0.5w,{L + 2a) Ry = O.5w{L + 2a) Ely" =([4wo(L + 2a) |(z + $£) — dwo(z + 4L +a)? ELy" = dwolL + 2a)z + two(L + 2a) — Swe [2* + 22(hh +a) + (4h+a)?] Ely" = ywolL + 2a)z + fwolL + 2a) b — swor? — wo(5L + a)e — Zul ZL + a)y EI y" = gw + 2a)z + TwolL + 2a)L — gwox” — zwolL + 2a)z— ZwolL + 2aP Ely" = 4wo(L + 2a)L — fwor® — fwo(L + 2a)? Ely! = 4w)(L + 2a) bx — Lwox* — duo(L + 2a)Pa + Cy El y= hw,(L + 2a)hz? — Sawer — ew(L + 2a)?” + Cyr + Cy Atx=0,y’=0, therefore C, =o Atx='2Ly=0 O= fu,(E + 2a)E(4L) — tw(4L)' — Lw(L + 2a)*(4L)? + Cy u w 0= du,(L + 2a)L* — Apwolt — EwolL + 2a)? L? + Ca 0 = Awol! — Lwolta— fpwok! — JwolL? + 4ha + 4072? + Cy O= quol! — fpwolta — xqwob! — qywol! — 7gwolAa — zgWol7a* + C2 O= aywel — Jpwol?a? + C2 wal? (24a" — 5?) a@=4 Therefore, Ely= jw(L + 2a)L2? — wrt — Jw,(L + 2a)*2? + owe Lh? (24a* — 51?) atx = o (midspan) El y= qj wol* (24a” — 517) answer Atk=owhena=o EI maz = Gy Wel (0 — 51?) _ Bight EV Yar = Fay Thus, Swelt imae = wet answer 384ETMoment Diagram by Parts ‘The moment-area method of finding the dedlection of a beam will demand the accurate computation of the area of a moment diagram, as well as the moment of such area about any axis. To pave its way, this section will deal on howto draw moment diagram by paris and to calculate the moment of such diagrams about a specified axis. Basic Principles 1. The bending moment caused by all forces to the left or to the right of any section is equal to the respective algebraic sum of the bending moments at that section caused by each load acting separately. M=(2M),=(EM)z 2, The moment of a load about a specified axis is always defined by the equation of a spandrel y= ke" where n is the degree of power of x. ‘The graph of the above equation is as shown below Area and centroid of moment. diagram (spandrel) and the area and location of centroid are defined as follows. 1 “n+l 1 — Cont Cantilever Loadings A=area of moment diagram MM, = moment about a section of distance x barred x = location of centoid Degree = degree power of the moment diagram Couple or Moment Load A=-GL 2 c 2 wok?Uniformly Varying Load A=—Fwb3 wi M, = — 22.7 oL =! z=ik Degree: third =1/6 wal? Problem 624 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-624, compute the moment of area of the M diagrams between the reactions about both the left and the right reaction. 1000 N M= 400m 4 i's Ry Figure P-624 R Solution 624 =EMp=0 GR, = 400 + 1000(2) Ry, = 400N EMp =0 6R, + 400 = 1000(2) Rs =600N ‘Moment diagram by parts can be drawn in different ways; three are shown below. ~ast Solution: Click here to read or hide mason | | mseoan 19 | 2400 Nm. | | | 2000 5.m | ea ole 143 + k— 9p i ie —ai (Areaan)X.a = 3(2)(800)($) + 3(4)(2400)( 37) — 3(2)(2000)(§) (Areagg)X 4 = 11 733.33 N+ m* (Areaan)Xn = $(2)(800)(4) + $(4)(2400)($) — $(2)(2000)( 77) (Areaag)X p= 9866.67 N-m?+end Solution: Click here to read or hide “404m | i oe 43m ¢ 14/3. m (Arean) Xa =-400(2)(1) + 4(6)(3600)(2) — 2(4)(4000)(4) (Areaap)X 4 = 11733.33N-m? (Area.ap)X p= 400(2)(5) + $(6)(3600)(4) — 4(4)(4000)( 44) (Areaan) Xp = 9866.67N -m* ~ 3rd Solution: Click here to read or hide A__2m 2m 2m (Areaan) Xa = $(6)(2400)(4) — 400(4)(4) — 3(2)(2000)() (Areagp)X 4 = 11733.33N-m* (Areagn)Xn = 3(6)(2400)(2) — 400(4)(2) — 4(2)(2000)(3) (Areaag)Xp = 9866.67 N-m* Problem 625, For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-625, compute the moment of area of the M diagrams between the reactions about both the left and the right reaction. (Hint: Draw ‘the moment diagram by parts from right to left.) 500 N wom TTT, Figure P-625 Ri Rr Solution 625 Click here to show or hide the solution SMm =0 4R = 400(3) (2.5) + 500(2) Ry = 1000N=Mm =0 ARs = 400(3)(1.5) + 500(2) 2 = 700N (Arenas) Xa = $(4)(2800)(4) — $(2)(1000)(3) — }(3)(1800)(7) (Areagg) X4 = 5450N -m? answer (Areaaz) Xm = 3(4)(2800)(3) — 3(2)(1000)( 3) — 3 (3)(1800)(4 +1) (Areagg) Xp=7750N-m* answer Problem 626 For the eam loaded as shown in Fig. P-626, compute the moment of area of the M diagrams between the reactions about both the left and the right reaction. 400 I/F A 5 Ry Ry Solution 626 + Click here to show or hide the solution By symmetry Ry = Ry= 3(400)(3) Ry = Ro = 6001b and (Areaaz) Xa =(Areaaz) Xp 400 thy . - | = Ry = 600 Ib Ry = 600 Ib ~450 Ibe (Area ap) X4 = 3(5)(1500)($) — (8)(450)($) answer (Areagp) X4 =8 250Ib- f° Thus, (Areagp) Xp = 82501b- £3 answerProblem 627 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig, P-627compute the moment of area of the M diagrams between the reactions about both the left and the right reaction. (Hint: Resolve the trapezoidal loading into a uniformly distributed load and a uniformly varying load) tm — 3m | Solution 627 Click here to show or hide the solution IMm—o0 4, = 200(4)(2) + 3(3)(400)(1) Ry = 550N Mp =O 4Rz = 200(4)(2) + 3(3)(400)(3) Ro =850N 400 Nim 5 200 N/m A B im — 3m Ri = 550 N Ry 600 Nem 17/5 m 3/5 m (Areaan) Xa = 3(4)(2200)($) — } (4)(1600)(3) — 4(3)(600)() (Areagn) X4=3803.33N-m* answer (Areaan) Xx = 3(4)(2200)(4) — }(4)(1600)(1) — 3(3)(600)(3) (Area gp) Xp =3 463.33 N -m* answer Problem 628 For the beam loaded with uniformly varying load and a couple as shown in Fig. P-628 ‘compute the moment of area of the M diagrams between the reactions about both the eft and the right reaction. at 2ft oft R Ry Figure P-628 and P-629, Solution 628 + Click here to show or hide the solution IMm—o0 10R, + 400 = 4(6)(200)(2) Ri =80lb=Mm =0 10Ra = 400 + 4(6)(200)(8) R2=520Ib (Arca an) X.4 =400(8)(6) + 3(10)(800)(2) — 4(6)(1200)(44) (Areagg) X44 = 30026.67 Ib - * answer (Areagy) Xp = 400(8)(4) + 2(10)(800)(42) — 1(6)(1200)(4) (Areagp) Xp = 23-973.33 Ib - ft? answer Problem 629 ‘Solve Prob. 628 if the sense of the couple is counterclockwise instead of clockwise as shown in Fig. P-628, 200 tore M = 400 eft ) A B 2h 2f eft Rg Ry Figure P-628 and P-629, Solution 629 + Click here to show or hide the solution =IMm=0 10R = 400 + 3(6)(200)(2) Ry = 1601b =Mm=0 10R2 + 400 = 4(6)(200)(8) (Ry = 440 1b (Areaan) Xa = 3(10)(1600)( 3") — 400(8)(6) — 4 (6)(1200)( $*) Areagn)X4—18203.331b-f° answer (Areagn) X4 4(10)(1600)(4P) — 400(8)(4) — 4(6}(1200)(£) (Arca an) x, (Areagn) Xp = 11 706.671b- 8? answerProblem 630 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-630, compute the value of (Area,p)barred(X), . From the result determine whether the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at B slopes up ‘or down to the right, (Hint: Refer to the deviation equations and rules of sign.) im am 2m Ry Ry Figure P-630 Solution 630 + Click here to show or hide the solution EMm=0 200N 4R, + 200(2) = 3(3)(400)(1) Ry = 50N Mm =0 4Rs = 200(6) + 3(3)(400)(3) Ra = 750N (Areaan) Xa = 3(4)(200)($) — 3(3)(600)(22) (Areagp) X4 = —463.33N-m? answer The value of (Area,s) barred(X), is negative; therefore point A is below the tangent through 8, thus the tangent through B slopes downward to the right. See the approximate elastic curve shown to the right and refer tothe rules of sign for more information. Problem 632 Determine the value of the couple M for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-631 so that ‘the moment of area about A of the M diagram between A and B will be zero. What is the physical significance of this result? 100 Ib/ft M =, . Im om Ri Re ‘Figure P-631 Solution 631 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution EM,=0 100 Ib/ft ™ ARo + M = 100(4)(2) Gc A B os am Ro = 200— 1M =200+025M R= 200-0.25M F ; =Mp=0 [4am i | 4, = 100(4)(2) + Af amen i Ry = 2004 3M } _ — 294 degree (Arcagz) X4=0 600 33(4)(800 — M1)($) — 3(4)(800)(1) = 0 tm g(o00 — a1) = ‘M = 400 Ib - ft answerProblem 632 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig, P-632, compute the value of (Areaye) barred(X),. From this result, is the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at B directed up or down to the right? (Hint: Refer to the deviation equations and rules of sign.) 200 N 800 N/m | : ae i Ry Figure P-032 Solution 632 Click here to show or hide the solution =Mg=0 3Rj + 200(1) = 800(2)(2) Ry = 1000N =M,= 3Rq = 200(4) + 800(2)(1) iy = 800N 200 800 N/m (Area an) Xa = (2)(2000)($) + §(1)4800)() — 5 (2)(1600)(5) — $(1)(400)(3) + $(4)(200)(8) (Areagz) X4=1266.67N-m* answer The value of (Areas) barred(X), is positive, therefore point A is above the tangent B, thus the tangent through B is upward to the right. See the approximate elastic curve shown pbove and refer tothe rules of sign for more information. Area-Moment Method | Beam Deflections Another method of determining the slopes and deflections in beams is the area-moment method, which involves the area of the moment diagram. Moment Diagram Theorems of Area-Moment Method Theorem I ‘The change in slope between the tangents drawn to the elastic curve at any two points A and Bis equal to the product of 1/EI multiplied by the area of the moment diagram between these two points.1 ap = 57 (Areaan) Theorem II The deviation of any point B relative to the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at any other point A, in a direction perpendicular to the original position of the beam, is equal to the product of 1/EI multiplied by the moment of an area about B of that part of the moment diagram between points A and B. 1 : tua Gq (Areaan) Xe and 1 - tap = yy (Areaan) Xa Rules of Sign 1. The deviation at any pointis positive if the point lies above the tangent, negative if the point is below the tangent. 2, Measured from left tangent, if @ is counterclockwise, the change of slope is positive, negative if is clockwise. Deflection of Cantilever Beams | Area-Moment Method Generally, the tangential deviation t is not equal to the beam deflection. In cantilever beams, however, the tangent drawn to the clastic curve at the wall is horizontal and coincidence therefore with the neutral axis of the beam. The tangential deviation in this case is equal to the deflection of the beam as shown below. Tangent through A From the figure above, the deflection at B denoted as éy is equal to the deviation of B from a tangent line through A denoted as tg /,. This is because the tangent line through A lies with the neutral axis of the beam.Problem 636 ‘The cantilever beam shown in Fig, P-636 has a rectangular cross-section 50 mum wide by ‘hum high. Find the height h if the maximum deflection is not to exceed 10 mm. Use E =10 GPa. Solution 636 + Click here to show or hide the solution akw 2kN | | i 19/am ——> 16 kN 1 = baja = spp (Areas) Xa -10=—1__ [- 4B) - 40815] (000%) BOR? 10000 ( 2% 12 1 _ tay = ppl Areann) Xa [- Ha) — 49081] (10004) ~10= spoon | a | 000) ie —296(10004) 125 000(—10) h=618.67mm answer Problem 637 For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-637, determine the deflection 6 ft from the wall. Use E = 1.5 x 10° psi and I = 40 in’, kk 8 Figure P-637 Solution 637 Click here to show or hide the solution Rc = 80(8) = 640 Ib Mc = 80(8)(4) = 25601b- ftbajo = PylArease)Xp tye = Fopl 4(8)(3840)(2) — 6(2560)(3) — 4(6)(2440)(1.5)] (22) tayo = prl27 360] (128) 1 tale= (1.5 x 10%)(a0) |?” 360 (4) tpjo = —0.787968 in Thus, 5g =| tye |= 0.787968 in answer Problem 638 For the cantilever beam shown in Fig, P-638, determine the value of Elé at the left end. Is this deflection upward or downward? M=2kNm Figure P-638 Solution 638 + Click here to show or hide the solution El tayp = (Areagp) Xq ET taje = 2(2)(3) — $(4)(1)(3) 67 KN - mr Eltap = 3 = - Els=6.67KNm? upward answer Problem 639 ‘The downward distributed load and an upward concentrated force act on the cantilever ‘beam in Fig. P-639. Find the amount the free end deflects upward or downward if E = 1.5 x 10° psi and I = 60 in’, 900 tb Figure P-629 and P-640 Solution 639 + Click here to show or hide the solution 200 itt1 - tac = yl Areann) Ka 1 sx 10°60)! 3(6)(5400)(6) — 3(8) (6400) (6) ] (12%) taj = 0.00984 in tajo= «. The free end will move by 0.09984 inch downward. answer Problem 640 ‘Compute the value of 6at the concentrated load in Prob. 639. Is the deflection upward downward? 200 Ib/ft 900 Ib Figure P-639 and P-640 Solution 640 + Click here to show or hide the solution Rg = 200(8) — 900 = 700 Ib Me = 200(8)(4) — 900(6) = 1000 Ib - ft 1 - tno = GqlAreane) Xp 1 Tex)! 3(6)(4200)(2) — 1000(6)(3) — 3(6)(3600)(15) ](12°) taj = tac = —0.06912 in «. 8=o.0612inchdownward answer Problem 641 For the cantilever beam shown in Fig. P-644, what will cause zero deflection at A? M= 400m a 8 e f tm Tam i = Figure P-641 Solution 642 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution 1 _ py (Areaac) Xa =0 Fy BLP IEE) - 21400)(3)] = 0 iP=112.5 N answerProblem 642 Find the maximum deflection for the cantilever beam loaded as shown in Figure P-642 ifthe cross section is 50 mm wide by 450 mm high. Use E = 69 GPa. ky 2m ——— 1m —f Figure P-642 Solution 642 ~Click here to show or hide the solution Ra =4(1)=4kN Ma = 4(1)(2.5) = 10KN-m —_1 50(150* 12 {3(3)(22)(2) — 3(210) (1.5) — 3 (2)(2)(0-25) | (10004) 69000 [ tra= toj4 = —28mm + Gmax=28mm answer Problem 643 Find the maximum value of Els for the cantilever beam shown in Fig. P-643. Solution 643 Click here to show or hide the solution Eltpja = (Areaan) Xp Eltgja = 51(PL)(4L) — Pal($L) — 3(L — a)P(L—a)[3(E —a)] Eltpya = 4 PL) — 4PI?a— 3 P(L—a)* Eltpja = 4 PL — $PL’a— EP(LS — 31a + 3La° — a*} Eltp,=tPL) — 4PIa— 2 PL? + 3PLa— 4PLa* + 2 Pa Eltpja = —4PLa? + iPa* Pa?(3L — a) Eltgjs Therefore EI baz = }Pa?(3L — a) answer tas FylAreann) Xe ~~]Problem 644 Determine the maximum deflection for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-644. Solution 644 Click here to show or hide the solution R= wo($L) R= 4b M = wo($L)(GL) M= Swok? 1 — tae = yl Areann) Ka tae = ql wot )(AL) - 2091 ()(AL) - H(dwol VEAL] 1 taj = al atl — Awl! — dwL*] 1 tay = yl-uet| Awol! MB ~ Sag ET Therefore _ Alwel* omaz = Sgam7 Problem 645 Compute the deflection and slope at a section 3 m from the wall for the beam shown in Fig, P-645. Assume that E = 10 GPa and I = 30 x 10° mm+, 1200 8m \ am Figure P-645 Solution 645 Click here to show or hide the solution ‘R= 4(4)(1200) R=2400N M = 1(4)(1200)(8) M=6400N-mtoja= ppl Aredan) Xp toja= a 3(3)(7200)(1) — 3(6400)(1.5) — }(3)(1350)(0.6) ](1000%) 1 épya = ————_| ~ 1607.5 |(1000° ale 10000(30 x 70)! K ) tpja = —62.025 mm. Therefore: ép=62.025mm — answer 1 Gan = 7 7(Area4n) Bas = spp 4(8)(7200) ~ 3(6400) ~ 4(3)(1350)](2000%) _ 1 ~ 10:000(30 x 10°) @ap = —0.031375 radian 84p=1.708degree answer Bap [-9412.5 ](10007) Problem 646 For the beam shown in Fig. P-646, determine the value of I that will limit the maximum deflection to 0.5 in, Assume that E = 15 x 10° psi. 60 Ioytt kom ke — se eae Figure P-646 Solution 646 + Click here to show or hide the solution M = 3(5)(60)(2 + 3) = 5501b - ft R= 4(5)(60) = 1501 1 ~ tajp= py lareaan) Xa 5 = 1 (200) (2)(2) ~ 55 0(2)¢9) ~ $(6)(250)(7) 102°) 5= 1 16394400) [~~ exis! \ ” 7 = 2.18502 in‘Problem 647 Find the maximum value of Elé for the beam shown in Fig. P-647. —— Figure P-647, Solution 647 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution = 4(41)(w_) = tuk M = 3(41)(wo)(3L) = Wel? Ble Eltayy = (Areagn) X 4 El tape = 31(pwol*)(ZL) — L(aywol? (ZL) — 4( ZEN gwol qh) Eltap = ywol — Rwol! — y_wol* Elt ayy = — hy woh* Therefore El bmaz = fh wol* answer For the cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig, P-648, determine the deflection at a distance x from the support. Wo Figure P-648 Solution 648 Click here to show or hide the solution ¥_ ve xz 5 =e y=yt M = 41(w,\(3L) = tl? R= hweb Moments about B: Triangular force to the left of B: dagen M, = —3(L—2)(w,— y)(3)(b— 2) 1 2 wor “We (Lx)? / BL ~ M, =—3(L-=) (wo- = ow 2/2 degree _ wok x)* M,= * 6L Problem 648‘Triangular upward force: Ma = 3 (2u)(32) = 52° 2 My = = Rectangle (wg by 3): My = —wo2( $2) =~ }wo2 Reactions R and M: (My = Rr = jwole My = —M=—4wol? Deviation at B with the tangent line through C El tac = (Areapc) Xp 2 Eltpjc = 32 (=) (42) + }x(4uob2)(52) — (§wol") 2(52) — $2( $wo2”)(F) Wo 5, Wold 3 WoL” 9 Wo Elta = sq," + 9 ~*~ ga wor? 2, 2 2 Eltajc = ap le + WOE ‘z— 10L* — 5L2*) ‘Therefore, 2 oF" (x? + 10222 — 1013 — Sha?) 120L e162 (1073 — 10122 + £2? — 2°) answer ~ 1205 ‘The deflection 6 at some point B of a simply supported beam can be obtained by the following steps: ‘Geometry of area-moment method for finding, deformation & in simply supported beam i = 4, Compute toya = 37 (Areaac) Xo 1 zs 2. Compute tyra = p(Areaan) Xp 3. Solve & by ratio and proportion (see figure above). S+tpa toa = L Problem 653 ‘Compute the midspan value of Els forthe beam shown in Fig. P-653, (Hint: Draw the M diagram by parts, starting from midspan toward the ends. Also take advantage of symmetry to note that the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at midspan is horizontal.) 600 N/m 600 N/m atta Figure P-653 Solution 653 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution By symmetry: Ry = Ra = 600(2) = 1200N600 N/m i _ tas = py A reaan) Xa tae at 4(2.5)(3000)(3) + 4(0.8)(75)(2) — 4(2.5)(1875)(2)] 3350 tala ey From the figure Smidepan = tayp Thus EI Syridepan = 3350 N+ m* answer Problem 654 For the beam in Fig, P-654, find the value of EIS at 2 ft from R,,. (Hint: Draw the reference tangent to the elastic curve at R..) 80 Iovft ae ae Ri R Figure P-654 ‘Solution 654 ~Click here to show or hide the solution =Mm=0 6R, = 80(4)(4) R= b EMpi =0 BR =80(4)(2) R= 2 b Bo Ibe tajo= py Areaac) Xa tayo = el H(4)(2560,/9)($) + H(2y HL Y(4-+ 2) — 4((640)(9)] kao = 8 AC = SET tayo = ylAreave) Xe tayo = Pel tee 2288 BIC ORTBy ratio and proportion: wy _ fale 2 6 ba=¥- tac 8060 1280 ~QET OET 2560 ~ SET bz bp Elbg =" th-ft® answer Problem 655 Find the value of Els under each concentrated load of the beam shown in Fig. P-655. 200 Ib 400 Ib aft | aft le Rs Figure P-655 Re Solution 655 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution =EMp =0 BR, = 200(5) + 400(1) Ry =175 Ib EMm =0 Rp = 200(3) + 400(7) Ry = 425 Ib zu 1D uu 1D Yeo = —800 Ib yp _ 1400 3°08 ya = 525 Ib Eltpys =(Areagn) Xp El tyya = 3(8)(1400)( 3) — 3(5)(1000)(3) ~ 3(1)(400)(3) Eltyy, = 10700 Ib f° El tgya = (Areage) Xe Eltca = $(7)(yea)(4) — 4H vea($) ELtgpa = 3(7)(1225)(3) — 2(4)(800)(4) 5 ib. EltgyaEltppa = (Areaan) Xp Eltgya = 3(3)(ye)(1) ET tcja = 4(3)(525)(1) Eltoya = 3 tb - 8 By ratio and proportion: BE OF _ tuys 3° #7 8 BE = 3tpya = 3 (10700) = as 2 OF = Tena = £(10700) = BP Deflections: 6p = BE—tpyja Elép = EI BE — El tpya = 5 — ¥B EI by = 3225 Ib - fe* — answer bc = CF — toys El 5g = EICF— El toy, = SE = a El dc = 8 = 1491.67 Ib-ft* answer Problem 656 Find the value of Elé at the point of application of the 200 N-m couple in Fig, P-656. 500.N 200 Nm im 2m im Figure P-656 Re Solution 656 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution EMp =0 AR, = 500(3) + 200 Ry = 425 N EMp, =0 AR» + 200 = 500(1) Ra=75 N 500 -1000 Nm Eltpys = (Areaan) Xp Eltoya = 3(1)(75)(3) + 3(3)(1275)(2) — 3(2)(1000)(5) Eltyy, = Nem Eltgja = (Areagc) Xe Eligys = 4(3)(1275)(1) — 4(2)(1000)(3) Eltgy, = "2 Nem? cE _ twa 4 ap 3/6550) 9275 cea (S = 3ET EICE= 3 Nom bg = CE - toysEl ig = EICE— El tey4 tio 3 2a El 6c = 391.67 N-m* answerProblem 657 Determine the midspan value of Elé for the bean shown in Fig. P-657. 600 N/m Figure P-657 ‘Solution 657 + Click here to show or hide the solution EMg, 0 00 wim GR = 3(4)(600)(4) R)= PN Eltasp = (Areagp) Xa 1 4 4 -1600 Nm El tape = 5(6)(1600)(2) — 7(4)(1600)(Z) El tayp = 8320N m3 Ell tyjp = (Areaus) Xu EL tym = $(3)(800)(1) — 3(1)(25)(3) ET taje = 1198.75 N - mn? By ratio and proportion: om ttays — t 3 6 bm + tuyn = Stay El bm + El tp = El 4tase Ell bm + 1198.75 = ET $(8320) El 8, = 2961.25 Nm? answer Problem 658 For the beam shown in Fig. P-658, find the value of EI6 at the point of application of the couple. LE Figure P-658 Solution 658 + Click here to show or hide the solution y_M a © y= Ma/L Elta = (Areaan) Xp El tan = 3(ay(3a) EI tpja = 4a7(Ma/L) Ma El tgja= Sa El teja = (Areaac) Xe EI toys = 3(LM)(3L) ~— M(L— a)[ 3(L — a)] El toja = 4ML? — 1M(L—a)*By ratio and proportion: bp +tyya _ tora a L a Sp= playa ~ taya Elép= FEltop — Elta @ Ma® El ép= lame - 4M(L-a)*]- aa Elép— Figue ~ 4M(L— a)? — 1Ma?] Elép= air —3(L—a)?—a®] Elég= Meir — 3(L? — 2La +a”) — a] Elép= aie — 3E? + 6a — 3a” — a] 16g = M231? + 61a — 407] BL =~ M2 (912 — 61a + 40°) ‘The negative sign indicates that the deflection is apposite to the direction sketched in the figure. Thus, Ma, 5 Elég= Fy (at —6La+4a") upward answer Problem 659 A simple beam supports a concentrated load placed anywhere on the span, as shown in Fig. P-659. Measuring x from A, show that the maximum deflection occurs at x = V[(L? - b/s). R ‘ Figure P-659 = Solution 659 ~Click here to show or hide the solution EMm=0 LR,= Pb Ry = Pb/L EM =0 LRy= Pa L-= (PB/L)L = Pb Ro = Pa/L 1 - tap = pr(Areaan) Xa 1 tap = Fpl atu 1 taj Fay a7] toy = pal Areacn) Xe tej = el ME ~ 2)°(Pb— u) + 4b — 2)*y P84] oar mB) 40-0) a tojo= By [BPO 2)* (1 Z) + PoE 2) (7) — 30%] 3 [Pb sy Ph yt PH tew= pyle 2) + Fee 2)" |‘From the figure: tayo =topo pre-d Py ats Pec aye PH vee =Pu- 2+ Baas - ae a -2 ME 22 _p ar? —(L— 2)? +3(L— 2)? — Lb? 224 = (23 — 3072+ Le" —2*) + 3(L? — 2h +27)2 — Lb? a2 — 3 - 3172 +3027 — 23 +3072 - 60a? +323 — LP O= 19 — 3Lr? — bb” 0=1?-327-6* 32-2 w A simply supported beam is loaded by a couple M at its right end, as shown in Fig, P- 660, Show that the maximum deflection occurs at x = 0.577. = Figure P-660 Solution 660 ~Click here to show or hide the solution Elta = (Areaan) Xa Mz Eltgo= tz (*2) (22) Eltaje = ue El tajc = (Areanc) Xe El tg = M(L — 2) (EZ —2) — (Z— itu -2)(L—2) Eltgje= yu — 2p - Ma ay Eltgyo= xu ~2)[3b—2(L —2)] El tg = Meare +2n) El tae = — —8640 ei b= —2160 Ib- ft Elicia = (Areagc) Xo Eltcya = 5(6)(2160)(3) + 3(12)(4320)(4) — 3(22)(8640)(2) El tgy4 = 6480 Ib - ft* Eltppa = (Areaan) Xp Eltyya = 3(6a)(2) — 3(6)(5) Eltppa = 6a — 3b EI tgj4 = 6(2160) — 3(2160) EI tay, = 6480 Ib - ft* With the values of EI to), and El tp.) itis obvious that the elastic curve is above point B. The deflection at B (up or down) can also be determined by comparing the values of tayaand Yan.By ratio and proportion: ym _ c/a 6° 12 ym = ftcja El ym = 5El tcja El ym = 4(6480) El ym = 3240 Ib- ft? Since ty ja is greater than yg, the elastic curve is above point B as concluded previously. Therefore, El ip =Eltpa— El ym El bp = 6480 — 3240 El dp =3240 Ib-ft® answer You can also find the value EI g by finding t/c, ty/c, and yg, I encourage you to doit yourself, Problem 670 Determine the value of EIS at the left end of the overhanging beam shown in Fig, P-670. ‘800 nym Rt Figure P-670 Re Solution 670 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution =Mm —0 3Ry = 600 + 3(3)(900)(1) Ry = 650 N IMm—0 Ry + 600 = 3(2)(900)(2) z= 700 N I i Elicyp = (Areapc) Xe El'tcjm = 4(3)(1950)(1) — 3(600)(3) — 4(3)(1350)(3) Eltgyy = —382.5 N-m* Elltap = (Areaan) Xa El tayy = —1(600)(3) El tag = —300 N-m* The negative signs above indicates only the location of elastic curve relative to the reference tangent. It does not indicate magnitude. It shows that the elastic curve is below the reference tangent at points A and C. By ratio and proportion Sa 7 tae _ tore 1 8 64 = Ftojn + tayp Elb4= FET tgp + Eltayy ET = 4(382.5) + 300 Elé4= 427.5 N-m* answerIn simply supported beams, the tangent drawn to the elastic curve at the point of maximum deflection is horizontal and parallel to the unloaded beam. It simply means that the deviation from unsettling supports to the horizontal tangent is equal to the maximum deflection. Ifthe simple beam is symmetrically loaded, the maximum deflection will occur at the midspan. Finding the midspan deflection of a symmetrically loaded simple beam is straightforward because its value is equal to the maximum deflection. In unsymmetrically loaded simple beam however, the midspan deflection is not equal to the maximum deflection. To deal with unsymmetrically loaded simple beam, we will add a symmetrically placed load for each load actually acting on the beam, making the beam symmetrically loaded. The effect of this transformation to symmetry will double the actual midspan deflection, making the actual midspan deflection equal to one-half of the midspan deflection of the transformed symmetrically loaded beam. Problem 673 For the beam shown in Fig, P-673, show that the midspan deflection is 6 = (Pb/48ED) (BL? - 4b*). Figure P-673 Solution 673 ~Click here to show or hide the solution -P(U2- b) Elta = (Areaam) Xa It ane = H(GESPE)RAD) | 4AL— PRL — oyfo-+ A(R —0)] Elta = 4,PL* — 4 po(40 — 6)? — p(n — 6)? 2 a L-2 L-2 Bttane = PL — 4P0( 7 ) -4P( 7 ) Eltaj = PL? — }Pb(L — 2b)? — 2 PL 26)" El tay = 3 PL* — 2 Po(L? — ALb + 4b?) — 3 P(L* — 61% + 126? — 86°) Eltajm = PL? — Pi?b+ 4PLe— Lp} — 2Po* + Pre — i pie?+ IP Elta = 5 PL — iP El tay = 3 PO(3L" — 46°) Pb tajae = Spy (SE? — 48°) Sridepan = 34/04 Sidon = Geer (3E? — 40°) (okay Problem 674 Find the deflection midway between the supports for the overhanging beam shown in Fig. P-674. Figure p-674 PSolution 674 Click here to show or hide the solution y_ —P(AL+a) @ ghtea y=—Pa P 4 Pp -P(L/2 +a) El tnyc = (Areapc) Xp Brtpyc = A(4U4PE)L3G)| ~ AGEVn1 HAE) AGENT + «1 34D] Eltpg = jPL — Pia SPL (3h +a) Eltgg = 3 PL’ — RPPa- fPL- 4Pa =—1 pry El tp =—}PL%a 25 = tac ipoia. oa |-gare| 1 2 b= -pPa 1 °= Tear Problem 675 Repeat Prob. 674 for the overhanging beam shown in Fig. P-675. PL*a upward answer We Figure P-675 ks Solution 675, + Click here to show or hide the solution M=w,a(3L) — wea($L + 4a) M = woke — }woka — 4woa? M = —$upa" EI tpjo = (Areage) Xp El tayo = 4L(—4woa?)(4L) Me El tyyc = —gwel*a? o aU =) a u2—> Woe 1 1/2 Wied _ 22 26 = — Teg wel = 1 22 ~~ ype ee 1 b= patel? upward = gnswer Problem 676 Determine the midspan deflection of the simply supported beam loaded by the couple shown in Fig. P-676.Solution 676 + Click here to show or hide the solution El tayc =(Areaac) Xa t lere -m() (2) a wavs ua Avs Ale = DVS 4 a 3ML M__ Note: tale = Sonr ‘Support reactions are zero. “ae 1 3U8 Oriidspan = Zhao 1/3ML? Poaidenon = 3 | Sar ) 3ML? Omiaepan = Eapey Problem 677 Determine the midspan deflection of the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-677. Figure P-677 Solution 677 Click here to show or hide the solution (4 Wel)(Va L) = 1/8 wel? —wol Vi LY LY = 1/8 Wel? El tan = (Areaan) Xa 4 (FL) FywoL*) $(3.L) + 3(3L)( Awol?) 33) — F(4L)( woh") 3 (40) Bl tain = gptol! + dywol! — qhemet! Elta = gqywob* 3wol* ‘48 = Sa0ET Smidepan = 34/8 Buy sme = 3 (sz) Bwal Sider = Tyengp || THSWET Ly) (1/8) 8) = 24 WoL!~Another Solution Va wel V2 LY(1/3)(% L) = -1/24 wel? 4uob)3(E1) Ri R Figure P-678 Solution 678 ~Click here to show or hide the solution 900 N 600.N 600 900. Ell tap = (Areagn) Xq El tays = 3(2.6)(3760)(3) — 3(1.5)(1360)(2) — $(0.5)(300)(3) Elta;p = 5612.5 N-m* EI brradspan = 3(ETt ayn) EI brridepan = 3 (5612.5) EI Srridspan = 2806.25 N-m* answerProblem 679 Determine the midspan value of EIé for the beam shown in Fig. P-679 that carries a uniformly varying load over part of the span. Figure P-679 Solution 679 Click here to show or hide the solution 60 lb/ft TES R.=1201b | ¢ Ry = 120 Ib Ell tas = (Areagn) Xa El tayn = 3(6)(720)(4) — 7(4)(160)(2) Elltayp = 7808 Ib ft* EI6=4(El tye) E16 = 4(7808) E16=3904 Ib-ft® answer Problem 680 Determine the midspan value of E16 for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-680. Figure P-680 Solution 680 ~Click here to show or hide the solution Eltayp = (Areaap) Xa Et ayy = §(2)(1200)(4) — 600(1)(5) — 3(1)(600)(5) Eltajp = 200 N-mé EIS = (El tap) EIé = 4(200) EITé=100 N-m? answerProblem 681 Show that the midspan value of Els is (w..b/48)(L3 - 2Lb? + b3) for the beam in part (a) of Fig. P-681. Then use this result to find the midspan Elé of the loading in part (b) by assuming the loading to exceed over two separate intervals that start from midspan and adding the results. [_. by 20m ‘wexw. mathalin.com - f E enrol L am 3m Tm B Figure P-681(a) Re R Figure P-681(b) Re Solution 681 ~Click here to show or hide the solution Part (a) El'tgyp = (Areagp) X4 El tape = 3($L)(4Lbu»)($L) — §(6)( 37m) § (20 — 6) El tarp = qL*bwo — GLb *wo + bw El tay = d,wob(L4 — 208? + 68) EI6=4(ET isp) BIS =A[ d-w,b(L3 — 2007 + 88) ] ers= "23 200+) answer Part (b) EIS = El 6, + Eld3 800 Nm R b.=1m i hematoma = 6m | ELS = Lwobs(L? — 2Lby" + b7) + Hwobs(L* — 2Lby? + by") E16 = 4,(800)(1)[ 6% — 2(6)(1?) + 19] + 4, (800)(2)[6% — 2(6)(2") + 2°] E16 = 3416.67 + 5866.67 EI6 = 9283.34 N- m5 answer‘The slope or deflection at any point on the beam is equal to the resultant of the slopes or deflections at that point cansed by each of the load acting separately. Rotation and Deflection for Common Loadings (Case 1: Concentrated load at the free end of cantilever beam Maximum Moment M=-PL | Slope at end 4 ‘| a fe L_ < EF Maximum deflection 5 BE SEI Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) Ely= Pear -2) Case 2: Concentrated load at any point on the span of cantilever beam Maximum Moment M=-Pa Slope at end _ Pa? 2Er Maximum deflection Pa® 8 = Gey Bla) Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) Bry= 22 (aa~s)for0<2<0 2 Bly= 72 (2-0) forace< Case 3: Uniformly distributed load over the Maximum Moment _ wel? we 2 Slope at end = x ea! | a= 6EI a lL — Maximum deflection. wolt $= Ser Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) M= Ely= on —4L2+ 2°) Case 4: Triangular load, full at the fixed end and zero at the free end, of cantilever beam Maximum Moment ‘w, 2 y MS Woh mer Looe, twol* 5 ~ k L— Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) _ wet 973 10022 + 5La2 — Ely= Toor (10H 1072 + 5L2* — 25) Case 5: Moment load at the free end of cantilever beam Maximum Moment M=-M | Slope at end ML o= r Maximum deflection ML? 2ET Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) pry Me é=Case 6: Concentrated load at the midspan of simple beam Maximum Moment Deflection Equation (ys positive downward) P: Ely= 3 (Gl? — 2°) for0<2 < 3h Case 7: Concentrated load at any point on simple beam Maximum Moment Pab y . eee ro, Slope at end Pb(L? — 6?) L “o> —~ GEIL _ Pa( i? — a") GEIL Maximum deflection ery gO? Te 9/3 FIL 3 Deflection at the center (not maximum) — PP (aye b= Be OF 46°) when a> b Deflection Equation (y is positive downward) b1y= Te —)forO<2 b Thus, for Fig. P-685 El Bpidspan = El Gpaidspan ue to 100 Tb force + El Spitspan due to 80 lb force EL bniiopn = 5 Ge (3? — 462) EL btn = "0 (30%) — 4029] + “SO (510%) — 400%] EI 8 yridepan = 945.83 + 1035 EI S:nicevan = 1980.83 Ibs - ft? answer Problem 686 Determine the value of E16 under each concentrated load in Fig. P-686. 500 N 800 N 2m am im Ry Figure P-686 RSolution 686 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution From Case No. 7 of Summary of Beam Loadings, y CaseNo. 7 ‘| the deflection equations are b Bry= TE (2 2 —)ford b Supt From Case No, 8, midspan deflection is 6 = 57° Midspan deflection of the given beam EI = Elé due to 2 KN concentrated load + Ele due to 1 KN/m uniform loading EIé= Fort - 407) + Suok* 384 sme 5-2) a) [3(42) — 422] + 2 pa=ns® Deflection under the 500 N loadProblem 688 Determine the midspan value of Els at the left end of the beam shown in Fig. P-688. 400 N/m Lam Fan fan Figure P-688 Solution 688 + Click here to show or hide the solution From the figure below, the total deformation at the end of overhang is 5=2046, 400 Nm 5 800 Nem ‘The rotation @ at the left support is combination of Case No. 12 and by integration of (Case No. 7. & Case No. 12 Case No. 7 ‘| _ ML Pb(L? — b) o-~ Ser o~GETL Solving for 6 Eld = El8 due to 800 N-m moment at left support - EI8 due to 400 N/m uniform load. 800(4) ff? 400dx(4 — x)[4* — (4—2)"] 3 pre= 0 6(4) era = 2200 2 7 [16(4 — 2) -— (4-2) Jaz 3200 Bla=—— — 3 gre = 20 _ EI@= —— El@= Apply Case No. 3 for solving 8,. From Case No. 3: Y wv, Ca8®NO-S welt é= SET Solving for 6,: “ EI, = awe ) ET 6; =800 N.m* Total deflection at the free end E15 = 2510+ EI6, EI5=2 (=) +800 Elé= N-m? answer~ Another Solution (Area moment method) This problem can be done with less effort by area-moment method. El tayy = (Areagn) £4 EF tayp = —4(2)(800)(3) ET taj = 800 N-m* El tpjp = (Areaap) Xa (2)(800)(2) The negative sign above indicates that the elastic curves below the tangent line. ua _ typ 2 4 =14, Ya= stop El ys = 4(ET tpn) Elya= 35) Ely, = N-m? EI6= Elya+ El tap Eré= © + 800 Eré= N-m* ere= = Nem? (okay) Problem 689 The beam shown in Fig. P-689 has a rectangular cross section 4 inches wide by 8 inches deep. Compute the value of P that will imit the midspan deflection to 0.5 inch. Use E = 1.5 * 108 psi. 2000 Ib/ft Figure P-689 Solution 689 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution ‘The overhang is resolved into simple beam with end moments. The magnitude of end moment is, _M = 2000(2)(1) + 2P M = 4000+ 2P Moment of inertia of beam section bd? _ 48") “2 12 B12 4 32000 Ib/ft The midspan deflection is a combination of deflection due to uniform load and two end moments. Use Case No. 8 and Cases No. 8, 11, and 12 to solve for the midspan deflection. [CO warecmatnaiins com} ry Lh iz Type of Loading ‘Midspan Deflection SwL4 arr os ~ 384ET x ML? “ey 5 Teer ML? a 2 : ‘ $= Teer : L R Bwyb* Mi? Pmideron = Seapy a Pa 5(2000)(104)(12%) —_, [ (4000 + 2P)(107)(12%) 384(1.5 x 10)(52) 16(1.5 x 10°)(22) 225 — -27(4000 + 2P) 128320000 160.000 — 562500 — 27(4000 + 2P) 27(4000 + 2P) = 402.500 2P = 10907.40 P=5453.7 Ib answer Problem 690 The beam shown in Fig. P-690 has a rectangular cross section 50 mm wide, Determine the proper depth d of the beam if the midspan deflection of the beam is not to exceed 20 mam and the flexural stress is limited to 10 MPa. Use E = 10 GPa. 400N 600N imfim' 3m Fons | Ry Figure P-690 ReSolution 690 ~Click here to show or hide the solution EMp =0 5Ry = 4(400) + 3(600) Ry = 680 N EMp, -0 || bead Diagram SR = 1(400) + 2(600) Ro = 320 N Based on allowable flexural stress 6Minaz (foe = “Te 6(960) (1000) 50d? @=11520 10= d= 107.33 mm Based on allowable midspan deflection. Use Case y Case No. 7 ‘| No. 7, the midspan deflection of simple beam. b under concentrated load is given by b= Fe er? — 48) when a> For the given beam, the midspan deflection is the sum of the midspan deflection of each load acting separately. b= Leer 4b) 400(1) (10008) = annoy 18) ~ 40291 + 20(10 0007) =) 1000* I 1775 5000 > 3 +1475 600(2) (10003) ace (3062) — 4(2)] A aise) — aa?) + SO Oe ast) — 4(27)] w 6200 3 I= 10333 333.33 = 10333333.33 Bl, Z = 10333 333.33 12 @ = 2480000 d= 135.36 mm Used=135.36mm — answer Problem 691 Determine the midspan deflection for the beam shown in Fig. P-691. (Hint: Apply Case No. 7 and integrate.) Solution 691 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution From Case No. 7, the midspan deflection is Pb 2 b= pe — 46°) when a > b For the given beam. P=uodz baz© (wedz)z sof SET (31? — 427) =e farts — = sz [, (322 — 423)dz ge [Bust “]. BEI | 2 lb 5——ve ee] ~~ 24ET 2 0 Wo §= Ger [370° — 2a‘) 2 b= Se (31? 2a") answer Problem 692 Find the value of EIS midway between the supports for the beam shown in Fig, P-692. (Hint: Combine Case No. 11 and one half of Case No. 8.) 120 Ibyft 120 lb/ft mv R Figure P-692 Ry Solution 692 ~Click here to show or hide the solution The midspan deflection from Case No. 8 and Case No. 11 are respectively, Suro 384ET y Case No. 11 ue | re §=TeEr TY The given beam is transformed into a simple beam with end moment at the right support due to the load at the overhang as shown in the figure below. 120 Ibpft 120 Ibe 6 i 6ft 6ft Ry z Re jaaibyte | 2160 Ibft eft 6 ft =) EI6 = ¥2 of EI6 due to uniform load over the entire span - E16 due to end moment 1[5(120)(12] — 2160(127) ET Srigopon = 3 384 16 EI brritepon = 16200 — 19.440 EI Smridspan = —3 240 El bidspan = 3240 lb-ft? upward answer Problem 693 Determine the value of E16 at the left end of the overhanging beam in Fig, P-693. Figure P-693Solution 693 ~ Click here to show or hide the solution The rotation at the left support is the combination of Case No. 7 and Case No. 12. PO(L? — 6) =~ GEIL end of the overhang is carried to the left support of the transformed beam. POL? —b?) ME GEIL -3ET 800(1.5)(4.57 — 1.57) 600(4.5) GEI(4.5) SET 800 900 ~ ET ET 100 “ET The negative sign indicates that the rotation at the left end contributed by the end moment (taken as negative) is greater than the rotation at the left end contributed by the concentrated load (taken as positive). From Case No. 5, the end deflection is 1 case No.5 5_ Me m 2ET a k La The deflection at the overhang due to moment load alone is 5, — 600(2") MS 2ET 1200 bu =r Total deflection at the left end of the given beam is b= 20+ dar 100), 1200 5-2(2) +o _ M400 6= answer EI Problem 694 The frame shown in Fig, P-694 is of constant cross section and is perfectly restrained at ‘The overhang beam is transformed into a simple beam and the end moment at the free its lower end. Compute the vertical deflection caused by the couple M. Figure P-694 and P-695~Click here to read or hide Solution 694 z 6 =a0+5 Mb Ma? toma (+ TET Mba | Ma? *o= “pr * Ber Ma bo= Spr (2+ a) answer Problem 696 In Fig. P-606, determine the value of P for which the deflection under P will be zero. 80 lb/ft Figure P-696 ~Click here to read or hide Solution 696 Apply Case No. 8 and Case No. 11 to find the slope at the right support. = Welk _ ME 24ET 3ET p= 200°) _ 87) ‘24ET SEI g — 2430 _ SP ET EIT 7200 TP EI EI Use Case No. 1 for the deflection at the free end due to concentrated load P. P(33) ~~ 3Er _ 9P ~ Er 6 6=30 36P _ 7290 EI ET P=202.5 Ib answerProblem 697 For the beam in Prob. 696, find the value of P for which the slope over the right support will be zero. ~ Click here to read or hide Solution 697 From Solution 696, 2430 _ OP EI EI 2430 OP El El OP 2430 EI ET P=270lb answer Slope on real beam = Shear on conjugate beam Deflection on real beam = Moment on conjugate beam Properties of Conjugate Beam 1. The length of a conjugate beam is always equal to the length of the actual beam. 2. The load on the conjugate beam is the M/EI diagram of the loads on the actual beam. 3.4 simple support for the real beam remains simple support for the conjugate beam. 4. A fixed end for the real beam becomes free end for the conjugate beam. 5: The point of zero shear for the conjugate beam corresponds to a point of zero slope for the real beam, 6, The point of maximum moment for the conjugate eam corresponds to a point of maximum deflection fuiierl ben Engr. Christian Otto Mohr Supports of Conjugate Beam Knowing that the slope on the real beam is equal to the shear on conjugate beam and the deflection on real beam is equal to the moment on conjugate beam, the shear and ‘bending moment at any point on the conjugate beam must be consistent with the slope and deflection at that point of the real beam. Take for example a real beam with fixed support; at the point of fixed support there is neither slope nor deflection, thus, the shear and moment of the corresponding conjugate beam at that point must be zero. ‘Therefore, the conjugate of fixed support is free end. Real Beam Support Conjugate Beam Support [Hinged Support = Hinged Support| Roller Support Roller Support Fixed Support Free End == Free End Fined Support Interior Support ‘Internal Hinge Internal Hinge: Interior Support.Examples of Beam and its Conjugate The following are some examples of beams and its conjugate. Loadings are omitted. Real Beam, Conjugate Beam ==. — =|. SS — Sa —_= == a =. Sa. a ee ae fea OF Problem 653 Compute the midspan value of EIé for the beam shown in Fig. P-653. (Hint: Draw the M diagram by parts, starting from midspan toward the ends. Also take advantage of symmetry. ‘ea tyra 600 ym { am lima ae R Figure P-653 Re Solution 653 (Using Moment Diagram by Parts) ~Click here to show or hide the solution By symmetry, Ry = Ry = 2(600) Ry = Ry=1200 N coo n/m mekmn osm) | bosm metaon k— 2m medoctne am —> (75m 24 degree | | 4 I | E i ~1875 Nm Moment Diagram by Parts 3000 Nem: Fr 1875 Nm AB Conjuoate Beam Loaded with M/EI Diagram ‘The loads of conjugate beam are symmetrical, thus, Fi = Fy = 4[ 4(5)(3000) + 3 (1)(75) — 3 (5)(1875)] F, = F,=2200 N-m?For this beam, the maximum deflection will occur at the midspan. Mrriaspan = 3(2-5)(3000)[ } (2.5)] + 3 (0.5)(75)[3(0.5)] — 3(2.5)(1875)[4(2.5)] — 22)0(2.5) Mrridepan, = —~3350 N +m? Therefore, the maximum deflection is El baz = Mrnidspan El max = —3350 N +m? ET Sma = 3350 N-m? below the neutral axis answer Problem 654 For the beam in Fig. P-654, find the value of E16 at 2 ft from R,,. 80 Ibyft WUT STMy R Figure P-654 Ra Solution 654 Click here to show or hide the solution Solving for reactions =Mm=0 Ry = 80(4)(4) Hy = 213.33 Ib =Mp =0 6R.=80(4)(2) ig = 106.67 Ib From the conjugate beam EMy=0 GF + 3(4)(640)[5(4)] = 3(4)(853.23)1 (4)] + 3(2)(213.98)|4 + 3(2)] Fy) = 497.77 Ib- ft?Mg = 4(2)(213.33[4(2)] — 2F2 Mz = 3(2)(213.33[4(2)] — 2(497.77) (Mg = —853.32 Ib- ft? Thus, the deflection at Bis El ég= Mg El 6p = —853.32 Ib- ft? Eldg = 853.32 lb-ft? downward answer 200 Ib 400 Ib aft ait Lit R Figure 0-655 Re Solution 655, Click here to show or hide the solution =Mp=0 8R, = 200(5) + 400(1) Ri = 175 Ib =My=0 8R2 = 200(3) + 400(7) iz = 425 Ib. By ratio and proportion yo _ 2125 1 6 Yo = 425 Ib - fe From the conjugate beam. EMp=0 8F, + 4(4)(1600)[1 + 2(4)] = 4(3)(525)/5 + 4(3)] + 266)(2125)126)] FP, = 1387.5 Ib- ft? EMa=0 Problem 655 Find the value of Eé under each concentrated load of the beam shown in Fig. P-655. 8a + 4(4)(1600)13(4)] = 2(3)(6525)[3(3)] + 2(6)(2125)18 + 4059] Fy = 1562.5 Ib - ftConsider the section to the left of B in conjugate beam Mz = 3(3)(525)[3(3)] — 37: MB = 787.5 — (1337.5) Mp = ~3225 Ib. f° Thus, the deflection at Bis El bp = Mp ET 6g = 3225 Ib-ft* answer Consider the section to the right of C in conjugate beam Me = 3(1)(yo)l3 (1) — 1F2 Me = 4(1)(425)[3(1)] — 1(1562.5) Mg = -1491.67 Ib- ft Thus, the deflection at Cis El fc = Mc El bc = —1491.67 Ib - ft* ET 6g = 1491.67 Ib- ft® downward = answer Problem 656 Find the value of Els at the point of application of the 200 N-m couple in Fig, P-656. 5001N im | 2m im 200 Nem Ri Figure P-656 Re Solution 636 + Click here to show or hide the solution From the real beam EMp=0 AR; = 3(500) + 200 Ry = 425 N =Ma=0 4a + 200 = 1(500) Ra= 75 N 500N Moment Diagram by Parts From the conjugate beam. EMa=0 AFo + 3(2)(1000)(1 + $(2)] = 3(3)(1275)13 (9)] + 3(1)(75)[3 + 3(2)] Fo = 404.17 Nm? bane mbit Conjugate Beam under M/EI LoadMe = $(1)(78)[3(1)] — 1(F2) Mg = 12.5 — 1(404.17) Mc = —391.67 N-m? ‘Therefore, the deflection at Cis Eléc=Me Elc = —391.67 N-m* El $e = 391.67 N-m* downward answer Problem 657 Determine the midspan value of E16 for the beam shown in Fig. P-657. Solution 657 ~Click here to show or hide the solution From the load diagram EM, =0 6 ta = 3(4)(600)|(4)] Ro = 266.67 N y 600 1 4 y= 150 N/m From the moment diagram a = 3Ry = 3(266.67) a-800N-m 1600 Nem Moment Diagram by Parts b=—20)@)I20)] b= —ty=-4(150) b=-25 Nem From the conjugate beam. EMy, =0 GF + 4(4)(1600)[§ (4)] = 3(6)(1600)[3(6)] Fy = 1386.67 N-m* Mrnidspan = 3(20)5 (3)] — 3 (18)1 5 (1)] — 3F2 Mrnidspan = 3(3)(800) [3 (2)] — 3(1)(28)[2(1)] — 3(1386.67) Mrnidepon = —2961.25 N-m? Thus, the deflection at the midspan is EL bm = Mrnidspan E16, = —2961.25 N+ im? EI $m = 2961.25 N-m* below the neutral axis answerProblem 658 For the beam shown in Fig, P-658, find the value of E16 at the point of application of the couple. Solution 658 + Click here to show or hide the solution Moment Diagram by Parts From the conjugate beam EMa=0 LF2+ 3(L—a)[M(L — a)/L)[a + 4(L — a)| = 4a(Ma/L) [Za] ay? Drs MEV a Qala ae 2 2 bry» ME one 42a) _ Me _ Mat M(i— a)?(L + 2a) en lr, he _ ML a)*(L + 2a) UR 6L? M Fa= Gppl2a° — (LE —a)(L + 2a)] a= ee —(L? — 2aL + a*)(L + 2a)] Fy= ie — (13 — 201? + a? L + 2a? — da? + 20°) M Fy= 3 [-13 + 3071] Fis M (ae? — 1) Mp = —(L—a)F; — 4(L— a)[M(L — a)/LI[(L — a)] Mp=—(L— a) ee (aa? ~ 1) — 3 — a[M(L — a) /L)[3(L — )] My=— ME (3a? — 22) + (Ea) B= — ME 124 1? - 2b +a] Mp= EE aah — 2a) Mu B= + a(t — 20)} Ma Mp = g, (L—a)(L ~2a) = Mai 2 Mg = 3 (L? —3ab + 20°) hus, Ma, a» Eli = (I? ~ Sab +20") answerStrain Energy Method (Castigtiano’s Theorem) | Beam Deflection Ttalian engineer Alberto Castighiano (847 - 1884) developed a method of determining deflection of structures by strain energy method, His Theorem of the Derivatives of Internal Work of Deformation extended its application to the calculation of relative rotations and displacements between points in the structure and to the study of beams in flexure. Energy of structure is its capacity of doing work and strain energy is the internal energy in the structure = Decause of its deformation. By the principle of Engr. Alberto Castigliano conservation of energy, U=W, where U denotes the strain energy and W; represents the work done by internal forces. ‘The expression of strain energy depends therefore on the internal forces that can develop in the member due to applied external forces. Castigliano’s Theorem for Beam Deflection For linearly elastic structures, the partial derivative of the strain energy with respect to an applied force (or couple) is equal to the displacement (or rotation) of the force (or couple) along its line of action. Where 5 is the deflection at the point of application of force P-in the direction of P, ais the rotation at the point of application of the couple af in the direction of af, and U7 is the strain energy. Lye The strain energy of a beam was known to be U = Pepe - Finding the partial 0 derivative of this expression will give us the equations of Castigliano’s deflection and rotation of beams. The equations are written below for convenience. EraM\ M -amM\ M L (Gr) gr = (sa)