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Active Transport Notes

Primary active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to pump solutes against their concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. Jens Christian Skou discovered the sodium-potassium pump which directly uses ATP. Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradient established by primary transport to also move solutes against their gradient. Bulk transport and vesicle transport move macromolecules in and out of cells through endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis using vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

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253 views2 pages

Active Transport Notes

Primary active transport uses carrier proteins and ATP to pump solutes against their concentration gradient from low to high concentrations. Jens Christian Skou discovered the sodium-potassium pump which directly uses ATP. Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradient established by primary transport to also move solutes against their gradient. Bulk transport and vesicle transport move macromolecules in and out of cells through endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis using vesicles formed from the plasma membrane.

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Xyra Mel Archog
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Membrane Transport Primary Active Transport:

ACTIVE PROCESSES
Carrier Proteins
- Bound to a specific solute molecule
- Changes shape to allow solute to move from
one side to another

Adenosine Triphosphate
- Form of energy needed to perform an active
transport

Passive Transport vs. Active Transport

Passive Transport
- High to low concentration gradient
- Uses no energy
- Simple Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport Jens Christian Skou


- Low to high concentration gradient - Danish medical doctor who discovered the
- Uses energy sodium-potassium pump
- Pumps, Endocytosis, Exocytosis - studied crab’s nerves

What is Active Transport? Secondary Active Transport:


The transport that requires energy because the
Electrochemical Gradient
substance moves against the concentration
- Combination of the electric gradient and
gradient (low to high solute concentration).
chemical gradient
Cells are selectively permeable.
The membrane chooses what substances go in
and out of the cell.

Types of Active Transport:


1. Primary Active Transport
- Uses ATP directly
- Sodium-Potassium Pump

Secondary Active Transport


- Uses electrochemical gradient of ions
- Sodium-Glucose Symporter
Sodium-Glucose Symporter ● Pinocytosis/Bulk-Phase Endocytosis

● Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

2. Exocytosis

3. Transcytosis

1. ENDOCYTOSIS
- Materials move into a cell in a vesicle formed
from the plasma membrane (Tortora, 2014)

Phagocytosis
“Phagein” – devouring
“Kytos” – cell
“osis” - process

Pinocytosis(Bulk-phase endocytosis)
- “Cell-drinking”
- No receptor proteins involved
Bulk Transport or Vesicle Transportation
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Bulk Transport/Vesicle Transport - Highly selective type (specific ligands)
- Movement of macromolecules in and out of
2. EXOCYTOSIS
the cell
- Releases material from the cell

IMPORTANCE
Secretory cells that liberate:
- Digestive enzymes
- Hormones
- Mucous

Nerve cells that release substances called


neurotransmitters.
Vesicles 3. TRANSCYTOSIS
- small, spherical sac Movement of a substance through a cell as a
- little blister or bladder result of endocytosis in one side and exocytosis
on the opposite side

Bulk Transport/Vesicle Transport


1. Endocytosis

● Phagocytosis

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