B4 Work AND ENERGY B4 Work AND ENERGY B4-RTO1: MovING BALLS I-KINETIC ENERGY In the figures below, balls are traveling indifferent directions The balls have the same size and shape, but they have different masses and are traveling at different velocities as shown. A om -O > Rank the kinetic energy of the balls. l [I 7 T z 3 a Al All Cannot Greatest Least the same zero determine Explain your reasoning. ‘B4-RT02: Movie BALLS II-KINETIC ENERGY In the figures below, balls are traveling in different directions. The balls have the same size, mass, and shape, bat they are traveling with different velocities as shown, A iB cy 2k © fay ol” y 2ke Rank the kinetic energy of the balls. [ Jor O tt z 3 Al Al Cannot | Greatest, Least thesame ero determine Explain your reasoning. ‘Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, inc. 145TIPERS B4-WWTO3: OBJECT CHANGING VeLociTY—WoRK ‘A2-kg object accelerates as a net force acts on it. During the 5 seconds this force acts, the object ‘changes its vel A student states: “The initial kinetic energy of the object was 9 Joules, and the final kinetic energy was 49 Joules. Thus the change in kinetic energy of this object uring these 5 seconds was 40 J, and thus the work done on this object by the net force during this period was also 40 J. ‘What, if anything, is wrong with this statement? If something is wrong, ides it. If this statement is correct, explain why. @ ity rom 3 m/s east to 7 mis West. 3 yg —pe «Seconds laters =<} ——— 7 mvs ‘and explain how to correct (B4-RT04; Cans AND BARRIERS—STOPPING FORCE IN SAME DISTANCE Cats that are moving along horizontal roads are going to be stopped by plowing into barrel barriers. All of the cars ‘are the same size and shape, but they are carrying loads with different masses, All ofthe cars are going to be stopped in the same distance. B é nis ms Sms m= 1000 0 ke 00K m= 10 ig Rank the strength (magnitude) of the forces that will be needed to stop the cars inthe same distance. I on 1 2 3 4 All All Cannot Greatest Least thesime zero _determine Explain your reasoning. ‘Copytight © 2015 Pearson Education, Ine. 146B4 Work AND ENERGY B4-RTO5: CARS AND BARRIERS—STOPPING DISTANCE WITH THE SAME FORCE ‘Cars that are moving along horizontal roads are going to be stopped by plowing into identical barriers. All of the ‘cars are the same size and shape, but they are carrying loads with different masses. All ofthe cars are going to be stopped by the same constant force by the barrier B c D 6s Sms ams m 1200 ke m= 1600 Kg Rank the distance that will be needed to stop the cars with the same force. I I Jor T z 3 a Al All. Canoe atest Least the’same _—_ero._determine Explain your reasoning. B4-RTO6: Cans CHANGING VeLociTy—Work Done ‘The situations below show before and after "snapshots" of a car's velocity, All cars have the same mass, = : c D * == — 3 7 Ail All Cannot Greatest Least the same zero determine Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc 147TIPERS 'B4-RTO7: BOUNCING CART—CHANGE IN KINETIC ENERGY ‘A-catt with a spring plunger runs into a fixed barrier. The mass of the cart, its velocity just before impact with the barrier, and its velocity right after collision are given in each figure. (All velocities before the collision are given as positive since the cart is moving to the right. After the collision the cart is either moving to the left, indicated with a negative velocity, or is at rest.) a Before After E Before After rh fer] Gel \| Ga] Go asm p= Rank the change in kinetic energy for each cart. [ on I a RI Camo | Greltst tet shelme 20d Explain your reasoning. ‘Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In, 148B4 Work AND ENERGY B4-RTO8: EQUAL FORCES ON BOXes—WonK DONE ON BOX Inthe figures below. identical boxes of mass 10 kg are moving atthe same initial velocity to the right on a flat surfice, The same magnitude force, F, is applied to each box for the distance, d, indicated in the figures. i A . B Cc F, . P A |} [ |} ] ; naesed | [evswm ad | Lasse $ DAF E Flr 4 E y oe ae el | hess i Rank the work done on the box by F while the box moves the indicated distance. | I | oR z 3 4 3 6 Al All Cannot Least the'same zero determine it Greatest Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 149TIPERS B4-RTO9: VeLocrTy-Time GRAPH IWoRK DONE ON BOX Shown below is a graph of velocity versus time for an object that moves along a straight, horizontal line under the perhaps intermittent action of a single force exerted by an external agent A Velocity (ais) eutoae > 5 a Time (8) 4 Rank the work done on the box by the external agent for the S-second intervals shown on the graph. | oR i z 3 a All Ail Cannot | Greatest Least the same zero _ determine Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ine. 150 ics i aindaB4 Work aNo ENERGY B4-RT10: VeLociry-Time Grapa II—-WoRK DONE oN BOX ‘Shown below isa graph of velocity versus time for an object that moves along a straight, horizontal line under the pechaps intermittent action of a single force exerted by an external agent. ~ A vetocity cavs) 8 6 4———— “ é 2 > 20 Time (9) 6 _ af Rank the work done on the Box bythe external agent forthe S-second intervals shown on the graph. | oR LC Ts ML (AM Cai asst —__aneltme Ato Sida Explain your reasoning, ' F 1B4-RT11: FORCE PUSHING BOx—CHANGE IN KINETIC ENERGY ‘A box is pushed 10 m across a floor in each case shown. All boxes have an initial velocity of 10 ms to the right, ‘The mass of the box and the net horizontal force for each case are given, A B c D . f P=I5N F75N F=100N | —>] on eon aan f Rank the change in kinetic energy of the boxes. - | on | | | T 2 3 a All All—_Cannot_| Greatest Least the same zero determine} Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc 451B4-QRT12: Two BALL Systems—KINETIC ENERGY OF SYSTEM In the figures below, systems of two balls are traveling in different direetions. The balls are identical in size and shape, but they have different masses and are traveling at different velocities as shown, A 3mis B wl c i D ae 4 mis] O2 Ke ae [Ams 2kg ts andre) Se 2400 Fs 1 3.mis I Rank the total kinetic energy of the two-ball systems before they interact, Cf TT im | T z 3 + All All) Cannot | Greatest Least the same zero _ determine Explain your reasoning. B4-WWT18: BOAT PosiTiON-Timte GRAPHS—WORK ‘Shown are graphs of the position versus time for two boats traveling along a narrow channel. The scales on both ‘axes are the same for the graphs. In each graph, two points are marked with dots. B Position ‘A student who is using these graphs to compare the net work done on the two boats between the two points says: “| think that more net work was done on the boat in graph B because it moved farther during the interval between the points.” ‘What, if anything, is wrong with this statement? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how to correct it. If this statement is correct, explain why. ‘Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In, 152(a) The velocity of a tugboat increases from 2 m/s to B4-BCT14: TucsoaT CHANGING VeLociTy I—Work & KINETIC ENERGY BAR CHART B4 Work ano ENERGY 4 ms in the same direction while a force is applied to the tugboat for 20 seconds, Complete the work and kinetic energy bar chart for this process. The bar heights should be in correct proportion to one another. _> wit Initial Final system During system energy energy ae KE KE (b) The velocity of a tugboat changes from 2 m/s to “4 m/s in the opposite direction while a force is applied to the tugboat for 20 seconds. Complete the work and kinetic energy bar chart for this process. The bar heights should be in correct proportion to one another. Initial system During system Final Bar chart key KE | Kinetic energy Work done by external forces Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, inc. 153TIPERS B4-BCT15: OBJECT CHANGING VeLocrTY I-WoRK AND KINETIC BAR CHART A 2kg object changes its velocity asa force “ acts on it for 5 seconds. It changes its velocity from 4 mis east to 6 mvs east as shown, 4mis—— 5 seconds later: ‘Complete the work and kinetic energy bar chart for this process. The bar heights should be in ——> 6ms correct proportion to one another. Initial Final system During system Explain your reasoning. Bar chart key KE | Kinetic energy Work done by | Was ental ors B4-BCT16: OBJECT CHANGING VELOCITY II—-WORK AND KINETIC BAR CHART A.2-kg object changes its velocity as a force ‘acts on it for 5 seconds. It changes its velocity from 4 mls east 10 6 m/s west as shown. Complete the work and kinetic energy bar ‘chart for this process. The bar heights should be in correct proportion to one another. Explain your reasoning. _| Work done b Wox| extemal Forces Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ine. 154B4 Work ano ENERGY B4-BCT17: TuGsoAT CHANGING VELOCITY IIWoRK AND KINETIC ENERGY BAR CHART | (a) The velocity of a tugboat changes from 2 m/s west 10 4 im/s west while a force is applied to the wghoat for Initial Final | 20 seconds. system During system i Complete the work and kinetic energy bar chart for energy energy i this process. ‘The bar heights should he in correct, IAA | Bar chart key KE YW. KE ata ‘Work done by | external forces CEE mts EE = — Oo i 2mis 4s Explain. : | | \ i - 7 | (b) The velocity of a tugboat changes from 4 mvs west to [Initial Final i 2 mls west while a force is applied tothe tugboat for | system During system 20 seconds energy enersy , F ‘Complete the work and kinetic energy bar chart for KEY |__Barchartkey | this process. The bar heights should be in correct, k proportion to one another. TE ovens ae + ms 2s | Explain. KE | Kinetic energy | Work done by — ex) external forces Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 155TIPERS B4-LMCT18: BLOCK PUSHED ON INCLINE—WoRK DONE ‘A block is pushed so that it moves up a ramp at constant speed. Identify from choices (i)~(iv) below the appropriate description for the work done by the specified force while the block moves from point A to point B. (iszero. Gi is less chan zero. (ii) is greater than zero. (iv) could be positive or negative depending on the choice of coordinate systems. (¥) cannot be determined. (a) The work done on the block by the hand. Explain your reasoning. (b) The work done on the block by the normal force from the ramp. _ Explain your reasoning. (c) The work done on the block by friction. Explain your reasoning. (a) The work done on the block by the gravitational foree. Explain your reasoning. () The net work done on the block. Explain your reasonii Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, ne. 156 otaa FR TT! TET RE ERSTE ST B4 Work aND ENERGY B4-SCT19: BLOCKS SLIDING DOWN FRICTIONLESS RAMPS—WORK BY THE NORMAL FORCE ‘Two identical blocks are released from rest at the same height. Block A slides down a steeper ramp than Block B. Both ramps are frictionless. The blocks reach the same final height indicated by the lower dashed line. Three students are comparing, the work done on the two blocks by the normal force: Annika: “Tthink the normal force doesn't do any work on either block. The force on the block by the ramp is perpendicular to the ramp, and the displacement is parallel to the ramp. So the dot product is zero.” BoBae: “Work is force times displacement. The work done on Block A is negative, while the work done on Block Bis positive, because the displacement for B is in the positive direction, while the displacement for Ais in the negative direction.” Craig: “Since work is force times distance, and the distance the block travels is greater for Block B, the work done is greater for Block B.” With which, if any, of these students do you agree? Annika BoBae _Craig_ None of them, Explain your reasoning. B4-SCT20: BLOCKS SLIDING DOWN FRICTIONLESS RAMPS—WORK BY THE EARTH ‘Two identical blocks are released from rest atthe same height. Block A slides down a steeper ramp than Block B. Both ramps are ae frictionless. The blocks reach the same final height indicated by the Black A ower dashed line. Three students are comparing the work done on the two blocks by the gravitational force (the weight of the blocks): Asmita: “Work is related to the product of force and displacement, and the weight isthe same since the locks are identical. But Block B travels farther, so more work is done on Block B by the gravitational {force than on Block A.” Ben “Both blocks fall the same vertical distance, so the work done isthe same.” Cocheta: “By Newton's third law, the force exerted on the block by Earth is exactly cancelled by the force exerted on Earth by the block. The work done is zero.” Danae: “The work depends on the angle that the force makes with the displacement. If we put the displacement ‘and force vectors tail-to-tail, the angle is smaller for Block B than for Block A, and so the work done is greater. ‘With which, if any, of these students do you agree? Asmita Ben ___Cocheta_Danae _None of then Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc 157TIPERS B4-QRT21: BLOCK ON RAMP WITH FRICTION—WORK {A block is pushed at constant speed up a ramp from point A to point B, The direction ofthe force onthe block by the hand is horizontal. ‘There is friction between the block and the ramp. The distance between points A and B is 1 m. (a) The work done on the block by the hand as the block travels. from point A to point B @is zero. Gi) is negative. Gii) is positive, (iv) could be positive or negative depending on the choice of coordinate systems. Explain your reasoning. (b) The work done on the block by the normal force from the ramp as the block travels from point A to point B Aids zero. (ii) is negative, ii is positive. (iv) could be positive or negative depending on the choice of coordinate systems. Explain your reasoning. (©) The work done on the block by the friction force from the ramp as the block travels from point A to point B Gis zero. Gi) is negative. iil) is positive (iv) could be positive or negative depending on the choice of coordinate systems. Explain your reasoning. (@) The work done on the block by the gravitational force of the earth asthe block travels from point A to point B (is cere {i is negative. i) is positive. (iv) could be positive or negative depending on the choice of coordinate systems. Explain your reasoning. CCopytight © 2015 Pearson Education, In, 15884 Work AND ENERGY B4-GRT22: BLOCK ON RAMP WITH FRICTION—WoRK AND ENERGY A block is pushed at constant speed up a ranmp from ‘point A to point B. The direction of the force on the block by the hand is horizontal. There i friction between the block and the ramp. The distance between points A and Bis 1m, (a) The kinetic energy of the block at point B (i) is greater than the kinetic energy of the block at point A i) i Less than the kinetic energy of the block at point A, ii) is equal to the kinetic energy of the block at point A. (iv) cannot be compared to the kinetic energy of the block at point A unless we know the height difference between A and B. Explain your reasoning. (b) The net work done on the block as it trayels from point A to point Gis zero, Gi) is negative. ii) is positive (iv) could be positive or negative depending on the choice of coordinate systems, Explain your reasoning. (©) The work done on the block by the hand as the block travels from point A to point (iis equal to 1 m times the magnitude of the force exerted on the block by the hand. (Gis greater than 1 m times the magnitude of the force exerted on te block by the hand. (Gi) is less than 1 m times the magnitude of the force exerted on the block by the hand but not zero (iv) is zero. (¥) cannot be compared to the magnitude of the force exerted on the block by the hand based on the information given, Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc, 159TIPERS B4-CT23: THROWN JAVELINS—HORIZONTAL FORCE Shown are two javelins (light spears) that have been thrown at targets. We are viewing the javelins when they are in the air about halfway to landing. Both javelins have the same mass, but they have different kinetic energies as shown. (Ignore air resistance for this task.) (Case A Is the horizontal force acting on the javelin in Case A (i) greater than, (i) less than, or (ii) equal to the horizontal force acting on the javelin in Case B? Explain your reasoning. B4-SCT24: SKATERS PUSHING OFF EACH OTHER—FORCE ‘Two skaters—a small girl and a large boy—are initially standing face-to-face but then push off each other. After they are no longet touching, the girl has more kinetic energy than the boy. Three physics students make the following contentions about the forces the boy and girl exerted on each other: Arianna: “think the boy pushed harder on the girl because he is bigger, so she ended up with more kinetic energy than he did.” Boris: “1 disagree. They pushed equally hard on each other, but the girl moved farther while they were pushing on each other, so she ended up with more kinetic energy.” Carmen: “Think the gir! had to push harder to get the boy moving since he is bigger, but that caused her to ‘accelerate more as she recoiled.” ‘With which, if any, of these students do you agree? Arianna ___ Boris None of them Explain your reasoning. Carmen Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In. 160B4 Work AND ENERGY B4-RT25: ARROWS SHOT FROM BUILDINGS—FINAL SPEED In each case below, an arrow has been shot from the top of a building either up at a 45" angle, straight out horizontally, or down at a 45" angle. All arrows are identical and are shot at the same speed, and the heights of the buildings and the direction the arrows are shot are given. Ignore air resistance. B ic [D> E Rank the speed of the arrows just before they hit the Al All Cannot 3 3 Greatest Least thesame zero determine Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 161STIPERS B4-RT26: ToBoGGans GoING DowN SLIPPERY HILLS—SPEED AT BOTTOM In each case below, a toboggan starts from rest and slides without friction down a snowy hill. The toboggans are all identical, and the starting heights (vertical distance above the flat bottom of the incline) and angles ofthe hills are aiven. Rank the speed of the toboggans at the bottom of the incline. [ I 7 T 5 3 All All Cannot Greatest Least the same zero determine Explain your reasoning. B4-CT27: ROLLER COASTER RIDE OVER LAGOON—MAXIMUM HEIGHT For extra excitement, a new roller coaster ride is designed to launch the riders over an alligator-infested lagoon. The frictionless coaster stats at rest at point A. The coaster lands on a ramp on the other side of the lagoon, After it is airborne, will the maximum height of the coaster be (i) greater than, (ji) less than, or (il) equal to the height at point 4? Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, ne. 162 eaeB4 Work AND ENERGY B4-CT28: SKATEBOARDERS ON A HILL—TiME, SPEED, KINETIC ENERGY, AND WORK Starting from rest, Angel and Britney skateboard down a hill as shown, Angel rides down the steep side while Britney rides down the shallow side, Angel has ‘more mass than Britney. Assume that friction and air resistance are negligible (a) Is the speed at the bottom of the hill () greater for Angel, (i) greater for Britney, or (ii) the same for both skateboarders? Explain your reasoning. (b) Is the time it takes to get to the bottom of the hill (i) greater for Angel, (i) greater for Britney, or (il) he same for both skateboarders? Explain your reasoning. (©) Is the work done by the gravitational force on the skateboarder (i) greater for Angel, (ji) greater for Britney, or (it) che same for both skateboarders? Explain your reasoning. (@) Is the work done by the normal force on the skateboarder (i) greater for Angel, (ii) greater for Britney, or (il) she same for both skateboarders? Explain your reasoning. (©) Is the kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill (I) greater for Angel, (ii) greater for Britney, or for both skateboarders? Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 163TIPERS B4-BCT29: BLOCK PUSHED ON SMOOTH RAMP—ENERGY BAR CHART A block is pushed so that it moves up a smooth tictionless) ramp at constant speed from A to B. B ‘Complete the energy bar chart for the earth-block system as, & the block moves from point A to B. Put the zero point for the [— sravitational potential energy at A. Initial system energy Final system energy Bar chart key Gravitational PE,0 | potential eneray bere PEs | potential energy KE _| Kinetic energy ‘Work done b Wea | extemal forces Useg= 10 m/e? for simplicity Explain your reasoning. ‘Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 164 YannaB4 Work ano ENERGY B4-BCT30: Box PULLED ON SMOOTH SURFACE—ENERGY BAR CHART ‘A 100.N box is initially at rest at point A on a smooth son (ftictionless) horizontal surface. A student applies a TOON Poo horizontal force of 80 N to the Fight on the box as shown, | Complete the energy bar chart for the earth-box. A ° 3 ‘system before and after the box has moved horizontal distance of 5.0 m. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the surface. Initial system emery yyging Fs system energy wom Oa KE TE, PE, Wa “KE FE, Pan, Bar chart key Kinetic energy Gravitational PE yx | potential energy Spring potential energy. ‘Work done by external forces for simplicity Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 165TIPERS B4-BCT31: Box PULLED ON ROUGH SURFACE—ENERGY BAR CHART A 100-N bok is initially at rest on a rough, horizontal 30N ‘surface where the friction force is 40 N. A student applies 100 N ‘horizontal force of 80 N to the right on the box as ‘shown, The box stars at rest at point A, ‘Complete the energy bar chart for the earth-box 4 system before and after the box has moved a horizontal distance of 5.0 m. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the surface, Final system energy Bar chart key Kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy Spring Potential energy ‘Work done by external forces Use g= 10 mis? for simplicity Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In. 166 be —$— 5 — B VintecB4 Work aND ENERGY 'B4-BCT32: LIFTED Box MovinG Uwao I—ENeRGY BAR CHART ‘A 100-N box is initially 0.40 m above the surface of a table and is moving upward with a kinetic energy of 80 J. A man is applying a constant upward force of 80 N with his hand to the box. ‘Complete the energy bar chart for the earth-box system before and after the box has moved upward a distance of 1.0 m. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential ‘energy at the surface of the table. Initial sytem enerey—yyying Fit system energy eat Explain your reasoning. Bar chart key Kinetic energy Gravitational potential energy Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, inc, 167,TIPERS B4-BCT33: LirTep Box Movin UPwano IIENERGY BAR CHART! ‘A 100-N box is initially 1.0 m above the ground while moving upward at 10 ms. A student starts applying a vertical force of 120 N upward with her hand at this point. Complete the energy bar chart forthe earth-box system before and after the box has moved upward a distance of 1.0 m. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the surface of the ground. “potential enerey | Spring potential ener | “Work done by f_| external forces Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc 168B4-BCT34: LirteD Box MovING Urwano IlI—ENERGY BAR CHART II A 100-N box is initially 1.0 m above the ground while moving upward at 10 m/s, A student starts applying a vertical force of 120 N upward with her hand at this point. ‘Complete the energy bar chart for the earth-box system before and after the box has moved ‘upward a distance of 1.0 m. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the final location at 2.0 m above of ground. Initial system energy Final system energy Bor chart key Kinetic energy Gravitational Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ing.TIPERS B4-BCT3S: Box ATTACHED To SPRING—ENERGY BAR CHART 'A4O-N box is intially at rest on a smooth (frictionless) horizontal surface. An unstretched spring with spring constant 10 Nim connects the box to the wall. A ‘60 N force is applied horizontally to the right. ‘Complete the energy bar chart for the spring-block-earth system as the block moves a distance of 2 m. Label the column heights. Set the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the center of the block. Initial system energy —S KE PES, PEgee Final system energy jar chart Key Kinetic energy "| Gravitational potential energy Spring potential energy i for simplicity Explain your reasoning. ‘Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In. 170 40NB4 Work AND ENERGY 'B4-BCT36: MovING BLOCK PUSHED UP A SMOOTH RAMP—ENERGY BAR CHART ‘A moving block is pushed so that it moves up a smooth frictionless) ‘amp at inereasing speed from A to B. ‘Complete the bar charts for the earth-block system as the block ‘moves from point A to B. Label the column heights. Set the zero ‘point for the gravitational potential energy of the system at A. Initial system energy p_Final system encrny potential energy Spring potential enesay _ ‘Work done by external forces Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. 471TIPERS B4-BCT37: SKATEBOARDER LAUNCHED BY A SPRING I~ENERGY BAR CHART ‘A performer on a skateboard is launched by a spring initially compressed a distance ‘Ax. His speed on the horizontal portion of the ramp is v, Ignore friction effects, Draw an energy bar chart for the earth-skateboarder-spring system as the skateboarder goes from the compressed spring position at rest to where he ‘moves free of the spring on the horizontal surface. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the height of the performer before launching. Initial system energy Final system energy During —_ —— KE PE, PE. Wy “KE PE, PEs Bar chart key —— | KE | Kinetic energy Gravitational [Fee | potential enrey_| Spin potential enerey Work done by external forces a Use g= 10s? \ forstinplicity Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In. 172 a igB4 Work AND ENERGY (B4-BCT38: SKATEBOARDER LAUNCHED BY A SPRING IIENERGY BAR CHART A performer on a skateboard is launched by a spring initially compressed distance Ax as shown. His speed on the horizontal portion of the ramp is v, and he rises to a height H after he leaves the ramp. Ignore friction effects. Draw an energy bar chart for the earth- skateboarder-spring system as he ‘goes from the compressed spring position at rest to when he reaches the height H. Put the zero point for the gravitational potential energy at the initial height of the performer before launching. Final system energy zw KE PE PB ie Spring potential energy Use g= 10s? forsimplicity Copyright © 2015 Pea Education, Inc. eS os el See adTIPERS B4-WBT39: ENenGy Ban CHART PHYSICAL SITUATION Describe a physical situation and a system to which this energy bar chart could apply. Il ySem ERY pyring_ Fl yom eneey ee eS ee KE Pe, PE,” W,, KEE, PES i Bar chart ey Kinetic energy Gravitational ‘ew _| potential energy Spring potential energy ‘Work done by Wou | extemal forces Useg= 10m forsimplity Explain your reaso B4-WBT40: Enency Ban Cunt ll—PHYSICAL SITUATION Describe a physical situation and a system to which this energy bar chart could apply. Ini system energy yyyjng Final system energy faa ae wo KE PE PE pie Wey KE PE PE ye Bar chart key tic energy ‘Gravitational potential energy ‘Work done bs Wor | extemal forces for simplicity Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc 174 i Sl A Sc peeecrteeatenseesj B4 Work ano ENERGY B4-WWT41: SLioiva Box—ENeRGy BAR CHART ‘Shown is an energy bar chart drawn by a student KE PE PE owe Way "KE PES, PE ue = — KE | Kinetic energy t —— pp. | Gravitational t = |PBew | potential energy Bt hae ‘ss | external forces forsimplicity ‘A student who drew this chart says: This chart is for a moving box sliding up a smooth slope from a lower point to a higher one. The zero point for the gravitational potential energy is set asthe ground level.” ‘What, if anything, is wrong with this chart? If somet this statement is correct, explain why. is wrong, identify it and explain how to correct it. If B4-WWT42: Box on SLOPING HiL.—ENER@Y BAR CHART Shown is an energy bar chart drawn by a student about a box on a sloping hill Initial system energy Final system energy During ———— —_—s_ Ke PES. PE’ Wa KE PE, PEAS — ‘Bar chart key perora Rey! KE_ | Kinetic energy Gravitational | PB am _| potential enerey —- Spring 0 [Pg [pocaal encray_| = w,, | Work done by ‘| external forces Useg= 10m forslmplicty A second student says “No, tis is not correct since the work done must be positive.” ‘What, if anything, is wrong with this chart? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how fo correct it. If {his statement is correct, explain why. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, inc. 175TIPERS B4-QRT43: DROPPED Rock—ENERGY BAR CHART ‘crock is dropped by a student from the top of a cliff and falls straight to the ground below. He constructs an energy bar chart shown below using a coordinate system in which the positive vertical direction is up and the origin of the coordinate system is the release point ofthe rock ‘which is also selected as the zero point for the gravitational potentials energy. Tail Seen pg _Fialoen oy ao wo KE Te, PE, W., “KE Pe Bar chart key KE | Kinetic energy ‘Gravitational —= tential energy et Sprin oe | potential energy i ‘Work done by : [extol foress_| —— Use g= 10m/s* i forsimpliity gravitational energy. Initial system enerty ying _ Fina system energy ‘Bar chart key KE | Kinetic energy Gravitational | PE yw | potential energy a | Sha eey cacace | Wa, | NaREE tipeioaie eg Jom Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In, 176 Draw a new energy bar chart for this event but use the ground as the zero point for the potentialB4 Work AND ENERGY B4-WBT44: Enency Bar CHART—PHYSICAL SITUATION Describe a physical situation and a system to which this energy bar chart could apply. Final system energy ‘ye Bar chart key inetic energy Gravitational B "Eon | potential energy — oer, SEs ‘nee | potential energy w___ Work done by ‘ou | external forces | Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. “SADR aeTIPERS 'B4-RT45: SLIDING MASSES ON INCLINE—KINETIC ENERGY ‘Shown are blocks that slide down frictionless inclines. All masses start from rest at the top ofthe incline. A B 1k 4s an F sm] ~ sma] vif Fy risks osm 075m t. —0m + F—_4.5m + Rank the kinetic energy of the sliding masses the instant they reach the bottom of the incline. I of | | Greatest Least. the same zero determine | pli ai, ‘Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, In. 178B4 Work AND ENERGY (B4-RT46: SLIDING MASSES ON INCLINE—CHANGE IN POTENTIAL ENERGY ‘Shown are blocks that slide down frictionless inclines. All masses start from rest atthe top of the incline. é | ee ae |+ 10 m____——» [+5 m—+| dos Fy iste os +! 075m, Rank the change in gravitational potential energy ofthe sliding, masses from the top of the incline to the bottom of the inctine. L Jor T z 3 a 3 6 i All Cannot Gredtest ° Least the'stme zero _deiermine Explain your reasoning. Copyrignt © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc 179 : SE nogTIPERS B4-CT47: RACE UP A HILLI—WonK AND POWER Jason and Brent race up hill that is 30 m high. Jason takes a path that is 60 m while Brent uses a longer path that is, 100 m long. It takes Jason 40 seconds, while Brent runs up his path in a shorter time of 30 seconds. They both start from rest at the same height and stop atthe top. Also, they have the same weight. (a) Is the work that Jason does in going up the hill () greater than, (i) less than, or (ii the same as the work. ‘that Brent does in going up the hill? Explain your reasoning. (b) Is the power generated by Jason in going up the hill (i) greater than, (i) less than, or (ii) the same as the power generated by Brent in going up the hill? Explain your reasoning. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ine, 180B4 Work AND ENERGY B4-CT48: RACE UP A HILL IIWork AND POWER. ‘Abbie and Bonita decide to race up a hill that is 30 m high. Abbie takes a path that is 60 m long while Bonita uses a pth that is 100 m long. Ittakes Abbie 40 seconds because her route is steep, while Bonita runs up her path in 30 seconds. They both start from rest atthe same height and stop atthe top. Abbie has @ weight of 700 N, and Bonita has @ weight of 500 N. (a) Is the work that Abbie does in going up the bill (1) greater than, (it) less than, or (lit) the same as the work that Bonita does in going up the hill? Explain your reasoning. (b) Is the power generated by Abbie in going up the hill greater than, less than, or the same as the power generated by Bonita in going up the hill? [Explain your reasoning, Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, nc. 181TIPERS B4-CT49: Can RACE—WORK AND POWER Amanda and Bertha are in a car race. Their cars have the same mass. At one point inthe race, they both change their speeds by 10 mi in 2 seconds. Ignore air friction, _— —_ Be Be = Se Ee > —_—_ — —_—_> ‘Amanda, Bertha (@) Is the work that Amanda's car does while speeding up () greater than, (i) less than, or (i) the same as the ‘work that Bertha’s car does while speeding up? Explain your reasoning. (b) Is the power generated by Amanda’s car while speeding up (i) grealer than, (it) less than, or (iti) te same as the power generated by Bertha’s car while speeding up? Explain your reasoning. ‘Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc, 182