Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals with the research design, research locale, population
sampling, data gathering tool, data gathering procedure, and the data analysis plan.
Research Design
The researchers used the qualitative method toward on obtaining data through
open-ended and conversational communication. This method is not only about what
people think, but also why they think so. According to Qualitative Research
Consultants Association, qualitative research is designed to reveal a target audience s
range of the perceptions that drive it with reference to specific topics or issues.
The researchers used thematic analysis. According to University of
Auckland, school of Psychology, Thematic Analysis (TA) is a widely-used qualitative
data analysis method. It is one of a cluster of methods that focus on identifying
patterned meaning across a dataset. Researchers used said type of analysis as a
means to gain insights and knowledge from data gathered. The method enabled the
researchers to develop a deeper appreciation for the group or situation they are
researching. By using Thematic Analysis to distil data, the researchers determine broad
patterns that will allow them to conduct more granular research and analysis. It is highly
inductive: themes emerge from the data that is gathered and are not imposed or
predetermined by the researcher. Using their findings, researchers can employ
statistical analysis to validate the themes.
Interview
The researchers set face-to-face individual interviews to have an opportunity to
observe and interpret the participants feedback which is valuable during interviews or
discussions and analysis. The researchers used guide questions, which were posed to
all of the participants. As the interview is planned, it has a formal approach where a
conversation takes place between the interviewer and the interviewee.
Data Gathering Tool
The instrument used in collecting data is face-to-face interview with guide
questions. This method was considered by the researchers, to ensure that the
discussion is properly conducted. In addition, the researchers used a voice and video
recorder to fully-analyze and transcribe the answers and camera for documentation.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers produced questionnaires validated by an authority. Indeed the
letter to conduct the study and the guide questions were distributed after the same were
approved and validated by Dr. Rolando T. Montano. The researchers first gave letters to
the respective congressional offices to secure approval for the face-to-face interview,
during the interviews; the researchers used guide questions to acquire ideas and
information aided by a voice and video recorder that helped them in the transcription
and interpretation of the data. The interview included the introduction of the researchers
and knowing the respondent, followed by the presentation of the nature of the research
and the objectives.
Data Analysis Plan
Thematic analysis was used to make sense of seemingly unrelated material. It
can be used to analyze qualitative information and to systematically gain knowledge;
thus; the following scheme was adopted:
Process
1) Collect data data were gathered from the answers of the participants.
Data from conversations on video and audiotape were transcribed.
2) Coding data the researchers coded the data by hand or through a software
program. Coding is an explicit and iterative process in which the researchers altered
and modified the analysis as reflected by the data and as ideas emerge.
3) Code validation to ensure the integrity of the codes, that they have not been
misinterpreted and are free of researchers bias, the ideas developed were reviewed by
more than one person. The researcher read and re-read the data, double-checking the
codes for consistency and validation. The integration of the codes from the data
becomes the codebook from which themes emerge.
4) Themes/frameworks identification from the codebook, the researchers identified
themes and sub-themes: patterns that have emerged from the coded data. Themes can
emerge from patterns, such as conversation topics and vocabulary. Other factors could
include the frequency of occurrence, occurrence only when certain factors are present,
and time of the day, week, or month. The researcher needs to be able to define each
theme sufficiently so that it is clear to others exactly what the theme is.
5) Information consolidation, finalize theme names the researchers finalized the name
of each theme, wrote its description and illustrated it with a few quotations from
the original text to help communicate its meaning to the reader.
