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4.2 Buoyancy

This document discusses buoyancy and how it explains why some objects float while others sink in water. It defines key terms like weight, mass, buoyancy, and density. The main points are: 1) Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by fluids that counteracts the downward force of gravity. Objects float if their buoyant force is greater than their weight, and sink if the opposite is true. 2) Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces. 3) An object's density determines whether it floats - objects less dense than water will float, while denser objects will sink. Ship hulls are made

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Glady Ann Mae Monterico
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271 views12 pages

4.2 Buoyancy

This document discusses buoyancy and how it explains why some objects float while others sink in water. It defines key terms like weight, mass, buoyancy, and density. The main points are: 1) Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by fluids that counteracts the downward force of gravity. Objects float if their buoyant force is greater than their weight, and sink if the opposite is true. 2) Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces. 3) An object's density determines whether it floats - objects less dense than water will float, while denser objects will sink. Ship hulls are made

Uploaded by

Glady Ann Mae Monterico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

2 Buoyancy
Weight – the downward force of
gravity acting on mass.
Buoyancy – the measure of the
upward force a fluid exerts on an
object that is submerged.
A steel marble dropped into a glass
of water will sink, but many ships
are made out of steel and float.
Why?
The answer has to do with gravity
and weight.
Weight and mass are not the same.
Mass is a fundamental property of
matter. Weight is a force, like any
other pushing or pulling force, and is
caused by Earth’s gravity.
Buoyancy is a force. It is much
easier to lift yourself in a swimming
pool than to lift yourself on land.
Water in the pool exerts an upward
force on you that acts in a direction
opposite to your weight.
The strength of the buoyant force
on an object in water depends on
the volume of the object that is
underwater.
Example: a beach ball in a pool. As
you keep pushing downward on the
ball, the buoyant force is getting
stronger and stronger.
The strength of the buoyant force is
proportional to the volume of the
part of the ball that is submerged.
https://www.schooltube.com/video/7100de854a0a40fead91/Bill%20Nye%20-%20Buoyancy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExfZmQgfbSg
p. 83 Archimedes’ Principle – states
that the buoyant force is equal to
the weight of the fluid displaced by
an object.
In the 3rd century BC, a Greek
mathematician named Archimedes
realized that buoyant force is equal
to the weight of fluid displaced by
an object.
Example: a rock with a volume of
1,000 cm³ is dropped into water, the
rock displaces 1,000 cm³ of water,
which has a mass of 1 kilogram. The
buoyant force on the rock is the
weight of 1 kilogram of water, which
is 9.8 newtons.

P 84. Sinking and Floating: buoyancy


explains why some objects sink and
others float. A submerged object
floats to the surface if the buoyant
force is greater than its weight. If
the buoyant force is less than its
weight, the object sinks.

Equilibrium: a block of wood will


sink partially below the surface.
Then it floats without sinking all the
way. The upward buoyant force
perfectly balances the downward
force of gravity (the block’s weight).
Denser objects float lower in water
A foam block of the same size as the
wood will float higher than the block
of wood. Wood has a greater
density, so the wood block weighs
more.

P 85 Density and buoyancy: if you


know an object’s density, you can
immediately predict whether it will
sink or float – without measuring its
weight. An object sinks if its density
is greater than that of the liquid.
Example: a steel ball and a wooden
ball of the same size – steel will sink,
wooden ball will float, but both have
the same buoyant force. The steel’s
higher density makes the ball
heavier than the same volume of
water. The wood ball floats because
wood’s lower density makes the
wood ball lighter than the same
volume of displaced water.
Average Density – total mass divided
by the total volume
Example: a solid steel ball and a
hollow steel ball of the same size
have the same volume, but different
mass.
Boats and average density: The
average density determines whether
the object sinks or floats.
To make steel float, you have to
reduce the average density
somehow. Making steel hollow
does that. Making a boat hollow
expands its volume a tremendous
amount without changing its mass.
Steel is strong, but it is quite easy to
reduce the average density of a boat
to less than the density of water by
making the shell of the boat very
thin.
Increasing volume decreases
density: If you have seen a loaded
cargo ship, you might have noticed
that it sat lower in the water than an
unloaded ship nearby. The limit to
how much a ship can carry is set by
how low in the water the ship can
get before rough seas cause waves
to break over the side of the ship.
The density of a new ship must be
designed to be under 1.0g/cm³,
because when objects are placed in
the boat, its density increases.

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