DIMATULAC, TRIXIA MARIZ M. BUILDING UTILITIES 2 AR.
GENE LAMBERT GIRON
ESCALATOR PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
A. BALUSTRADE
The side of an escalator extending above the Steps, which includes Skirt Guard, Interior Panel, Deck Board and Moving Handrails.
1) Moving Handrail
A handhold that moves along the top of the Balustrade in synchronization with the Steps.
2) Interior Panel
The major panel portion of the Balustrade located immediately below the Moving Handrails, made of glass.
3) Deck Board
A decorative capping member of the balustrade of an escalator, which continues in the traveling direction.
4) Skirt Guard
The lowest panel within the Balustrade, located immediately below the Inner Deck and adjacent to the Steps at a slight gap from
the Steps.
B. TRUSS
Assembly of structural steel that supports the weight and load of an escalator. (A Control Panel, Drive Units for Steps and Moving
Handrails and other components are housed inside the structure.)
B-1. TOP MACHINE ROOM/BOTTOM MACHINE ROOM
1) Control Panel
Controls stop/start operation and also supplies electric power to the Drive Unit.
2) Drive Unit
A unit to drive the escalator, comprised of electric motor, decelerator, electromagnetic brake, V belt, Sprocket, and other
components.
3) Drive Chain
A chain that transmits the Drive Unit's power to the drive wheel (Sprocket).
4) Sprocket (top/bottom)
Drive wheels installed at top and bottom to drive the Steps. The top Sprocket drives the moving Steps, while the bottom sprocket
turns the Steps.
B-2. OTHER TRUSS PARTS
1) Main Track
A rail to guide the Driving Rollers.
2) Trailing Track
A rail to guide the Trailing Rollers.
3) Moving Handrail Drive Unit
A device that indirectly drives the Moving Handrail at the same speed as the Steps via the Moving Handrail Drive Chain.
C. STEP
The moving platform on which escalator passengers ride.
1) Step Tread
The part of the step where a passenger stands.
2) Riser
The upright part of a Step.
3) Step Demarcation Line
A yellow line along both sides of a Step to demarcate the proper standing area, thereby preventing passengers from coming into
contact with the Skirt Guard and stumbling.
4) Driving Roller/Trailing Roller
Each Step is linked to the Step Chains via the Step shaft and the wheels. The front wheel is called the Driving Roller and the rear
wheel is called the Trailing Roller.
5) Step Chain
A chain, located on both sides of an escalator, connecting the Steps and driven by the Step Chain Sprocket.
Floor Plate
A removable steel plate finished with anti-slip patterns, typically situated above the escalator trusswork at the boarding and
landing areas.
Comb
A section or steel plate with teeth that mesh with the Step cleats at the boarding and landing areas, to prevent fingers, feet or
foreign objects from getting caught between the moving Steps and Floor Plate.
Round Light
A round light installed on the Interior Panel at the boarding and landing areas.
Comb Light
Lighting provided at Comb level at the terminal ends of an escalator for increased illumination.
DIMATULAC, TRIXIA MARIZ M. BUILDING UTILITIES 2 AR. GENE LAMBERT GIRON
HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
HOISTING OR LIFTING BEAM - This is the structure that is rated to be used for lifting the elevator equipment in the construction and servicing
phase.
OVERHEAD SPACE - This is a space that is used for equipment (like deflector sheaves) and provides a refuge space when on top of the elevator
car and at the top of the hoistway (shaft).
GUARD RAIL - Used as a safety barrier when personnel are on top of the elevator. This is used to prevent a person from falling or being struck
by objects when the elevator car is in motion. There are many older units that are not equipped with this safety feature.
CAB - The cab is the enclosure that a passenger stands in when riding the elevator. This enclosure can be custom designed to shoot each
owner's taste.
SWAY BARS - These are four small rod components that are used to level out the platform during installation.
SLING - This is the structure that holds and supports the riding compartment of the elevator cab and platform. The sling has three parts. The
bottom (the bolster channels), the sides (the styles) and the top (the cross head).
RAIL BRACKETS - The piece of hardware to which the guide rails fasten. The rail bracket is often secured to the structural steel.
GUIDE RAILS - The guide rails are the backbone of the elevator. This is the component that runs the entire length of the hoistway and guides the elevator.
CAR DOOR - This is the door that creates a barrier for passengers when the car is in motion, ensuring a safe ride for the passengers.
CAR SILL - This is the track that the car door slides in.
TOE GUARD - The toe guard is used to eliminate a pinching hazard for passengers’ feet when the elevator is leveling in to the floor and the doors pre-open.
PISTON - This component stops the piston from coming out of the Cylinder when the piston is fully extended.
HOISTWAY DOOR -
CAR BUFFERS - The buffer is a safety function of an elevator that can allow for dramatic force to be applied to limit damage to the car in high
speed impact
IN-GROUND CYLINDER WITH PVC LINER - Also called the “jack”, the cylinder is the stationary section that the piston moves in and out of to
create the opportunity for the elevator to move.
HYDRAULIC OIL SUPPLY LINE - This is the piping that connects the oil tank valve and the cylinder.
CONTROLLER - The controller is the brains of any vertical transportation equipment.
HYDRAULIC PUMP - The pump is the hydraulic elevators driving system which creates the oil flow that is pushed through the valve and
subsequently the oil line.
VALVE - The valve is the device that controls the ascension and descent of the hydraulic elevator.
GEARED TRACTION ELEVATOR PARTS AND FUNCTION
CONTROL SYSTEM – The controller is the brains of any vertical transportation equipment. This is the system responsible for controlling the elevator’s
integrated functions.
GEARED TRACTION HOIST MACHINE – The hoist machine comes in a geared traction for reduced speeds.
MOTOR – This is the electrical piece of equipment that drives the elevator giving it the ability to move by rotating the cables attached to the
car.
GOVERNOR – This device is both a mechanical and electrical device. If the elevator overspeeds the governor will activate stopping the
governor cable in its tracks and engaging the elevator safeties.
ELEVATOR MACHINE ROOM – This is the room that houses the controler and driving equipment.
CAB ROLLER GUIDES – The guiding system that allows for a smoother ride along the vertical rails.
ELEVATOR GUIDERAIL –
CAR SAFETY DEVICE –
COUNTERWEIGHT ROLLER GUIDES –
COUNTERWEIGHT – The counterweight is made to eliminate additional wear on the elevator machine and motor.
COUNTERWEIGHT GUIDERAIL –
COMPENSATION ROPES/CHAIN – On a tall building, the weight of the ropes can add additional weight transfer between the car and the
counterweight based on whatever part of the equipment is lower in the hoistway.
GOVERNOR TENSION SHEAVE –
COUNTERWIGHT BUFFER – The buffer is a safety function of an elevator that can allow for dramatic force to be applied to limit damage to the car in high
speed impact.
HOIST MACHINE BEAMS –
HOIST ROPES – Also known as cables, these are most commonly steel cables.
LANDING SYSTEM – The cab is the enclosure that a passenger stands in when riding the elevator.
CAR SILL – This is the track that the car door slides in.
TOE GUARD – The toe guard is used to eliminate a pinching hazard for passengers’ feet when the elevator is leveling in to the floor and the doors pre-open.
TRAVELLING CABLES –
HOISTWAY DOORS –
CAR BUFFER –
CAR DOOR - This is the door that creates a barrier for passengers when the car is in motion, ensuring a safe ride for the passengers.
