Chapter 15 Review:

Animals Bivalve
Eukaryotic heterotrophs that are made up of unwalled Mollusk with a hinged two-part shell
cells and develop through a series of stages; most
ingest food, reproduce sexually and move Cephalopod
Predatory mollusk with a closed circulatory system;
Tissue moves by Jet Propulsion.
One or more types of cells that are organized in a
specific pattern and that carry out a particular task Roundworm (Phylum Nematoda)
Unsegmented worm with a pseudoceolom and a
Bilateral Symmetry cuticle that is molted as the animal grows.
Having a right and left halves with similar parts and a
front and back that differ Arthropod (Phylum Arthropoda)
Invertebrate with jointed legs and a hard exoskeleton
Coelom that is periodically molted
A body cavity completely lined by tissue derived from
mesoderm Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)
Invertebrates with a water vascular system in an
Radial Symmetry endoskeleton made of hardened plates and spines
Having parts arranged around a central axis like
spokes on a wheel Chordates
Animal phylum characterized by a notochord, dorsal
Gastrovascular Cavity nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a tail that
Saclike gut extends beyond the anus; includes invertebrates and
vertebrates groups.
Complete Digestive Tract
Tubular gut Lancelets
Invertebrate chordates that have a fish like shape and
Protostomes retain the defining chordate traits into adulthood
First embryonic opening becomes the mouth
Notochord
Deuterostomes Stiff rod of connective tissue that runs the length of
First embryonic opening becomes the anus the body in corded larvae or embryos

Psuedocoelom Tunicates
Body cavity not fully lined with mesoderm Invertebrate chordates that lose the finding chordate
traits during the transition into adulthood
Sponge (Phylum Porifera)
Aquatic invertebrates that has no tissues or organs Tetrapod
and filters food from the water Vertebrate with four limbs

Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria) Cartilaginous Fish

Radially symmetric invertebrate with two tissue layers Fish that has jaws, paired fins and a skeleton made of
uses tentacles and stinging cells to capture food cartilage; for example a shark

Nematocysts Jawless Fish

Touch sensitive stinging organelles that catch pray Fish that has a skeleton of cartilage but no jaw or
paired Fins; for example a lamprey
Flatworm (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
Bilaterally symmetrical invertebrate with organs but no Amniote
body cavity; for example a planarian or tapeworm Vertabrate that produces amniote eggs; for example,
reptile, bird, or mammal.
Medusa
Bell shaped free swimming cnidarian body form Amniote Egg
Egg with four membranes that allows an embryo to
Polyp develop away from water.
Tubular, typically sessile, cnidarian body form
Ectotherm
Annelids (Phylum Annelida) Cold blood
Segmented worm with a coelom, complete digestive
system, and closed circulatory system. Endotherm
Warmblood
Mantle
An extension of the Body mass that drapes back on Monotreme
itself like a skirt and covers the mantle cavity. Egg-laying mammal

Gastropod Marsupial
Mollusk that moves about on its enlarged foot Pouched mammals

Mollusk (Phylum Mollusca) Placental Mammals

Invertebrate with a reduced coelom and a mantle
Colonial Theory of Animal Origins
Radula Animals evolved from heterotrophic protists that
Tongue like organ of many mollusks formed colonies.
Chapter 15 Review:

Invertebrate Diversity Complete metamorphosis (Undergoes

pupation)
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
-Hollow, Assymetrical body. Intracellular digestion. Echidnoderms (Phylum Echidnodermata)
Hermaphrodite: produces both sperm and egg. -include 6000 marine invertebrates such as sea stars,
Larvae: free-living, sexually immature. Exits sea urchins and sea cucumbers. Spiny skinned,
parental body then settle and develop into adults. plates of calcium carbonate embedded on skin.
Radially symmeterical.
Cnadirians (Phylum Porifera) Sea stars: Do not have brain but has
-Radially symmetrical with Stinging Tentacles. decentralized nervous system.
Medusa: swims, drifts about. Ex. Jellyfish
Polyp: tubular, secrets calcium carbonate- rich EVOLUTION
skeleton in its base. Ex. Sea anemone
CHORDATES(Phylum Cordata)
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes) Lancelets: fishlike shape
-are flat-bodied worms that do not have a body cavity. Tunicates: secreted carbohydrate rich covering
Simplest animais that develop 3 layered embryo. or tuni encloses body.
Planarians: free-living flatworms common in
ponds.Muscular tube sucks foo into highly branched VERTEBRATES
gastrovascular cavity. Jawless fishes: smooth elongated body without
Tapeworms: hermaphroditic flatworms that pairs of fins. Made of cartilage, and connective tissues.
infect vertebrate gut. Has segmented body. Ex. Lamprey
Flukes: parasites that have unsegmented body Cartilaginous fishes: have paired fins and
with suckers. scales. Jawed fishes with skeleton made of cartilage.
Ex. Shark
Annelids (Phylum Annelida) Bony Fishes: move bone voluntarily. Gills are
-segmented worms with coelom, complete digestive visible.
system, and closed circulatory system. Ray-finned fishes: flexible fins supported by
Oligochaetes: More than 100 segments.Each thin rays from skin. Ex. Tuna
has coelomic chamber and paired excretory organs. Lobe-finned fishes: lungfishes. Have thick,
Ex. Earthworms. fleshy pelvic and pectoral fins with internal bony
Polychaetes: Has many bristles per segment. supports.
Ex. Marine annelids, sandworms
Leeches: Lives in freshwater. Famous for TETRAPODS (has three chambers of heart)
sucking blood. Amphibians: salamanders, frogs

Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca) AMNIOTES (have lungs and their skin is rich in
-have small coelom and soft unsegmented body. keratin.
Gastropods: belly foot. Ex. Snails Reptiles (with birds)
Bivalves: Hinged two part shells. Ex. Scallops, Ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles
Mussels, Oysters Mammals
Cephalopods: head footed. Ex. Squid, Octopus Females nourish offspring with milk from
mammary glands.
Roundworms/ Nematodes (Phylum Nematoda)
-are cylindrical, unssegmented worms with
pseudocoelom. Has no circulatory and respiratory
organs. Ex. Caenorhabditis elegans
Pinworms: infectious roundworms. Lives in the
rectum.

Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

- invertebrates with joint legs.
- has compound eyes: consists of many units, each
with lens. Has two pairs of Antennae.
-undergo metamorphosis.
Horseshoe crabs: cephalothorax.Bottom
feeders that live in shallow waters. Closest relatives of
Arachnids.
Arachnids: have four pair of walking legs, pair
of sensitive appendages called palps, no antennae.
Ex. Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites.
Crustaceans: marine arthropods with 2 pairs of
antennae.
…Barnacles(Marine crustacean that
secrets calcium-rich shell)
…Isopods( pill bugs)
…Centipedes(venomous predators with
flat low slung body and one leg per segment.

Insects: 3 pairs of legs and one pair of

antennae. Most diverse arthropod group. Did not
undergo metamorphosis.Modern insect does
metamorphosis.
Incomplete metamorphosis(Cockroaches,
Grasshoppers.