Grammar

Past simple and past continuous

1 Write the past simple form of these regular and irregular verbs.
1 cry 8 chat
2 travel 9 happen
3 send 10 say
4 enjoy 11 know
5 stop 12 try
6 break 13 cut
7 fall 14 turn

2 Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verbs in Exercise 1.
1 Last summer, my friend and I around the south of France. We really ourselves.
2 you at the end of the film? I thought it was really sad.
3 Sarah is very angry. What you to her? You to her yesterday.
4 I my grandmother an email yesterday with a photo but she (not) how to open the attachment!
5 My mobile phone on the floor but the screen (not). That was lucky!
6 I didn’t see the accident. It all very quickly.
7 My PC was making a strange noise so I using it and it off.
8 We to open the box with a knife but my dad himself. There was blood everywhere!

3 Write questions with the past simple.

1 When / you / buy / that tablet / ?

2 How much / your new computer / cost / ?

3 What / you / do / after school yesterday / ?

4 Why / you / not / call me last night / ?

5 Where / Dad / save / the photos / on the computer / ?

6 Which files / you / delete / ?

7 How many copies / Gary / print / yesterday / ?

8 Which company / Steve Jobs / help to start / ?

4 Write the -ing form of the verbs.

1 attach 8 change
2 tie 9 upload
3 run 10 think
4 save 11 win
5 give 12 spot
6 get 13 serve
7 delete 14 realise

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Grammar

5 Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I (make) my dinner at 8 o’clock last night.
2 Joe and Sam (use) the wrong program in IT yesterday.
3 Who was that guy you (dance) with at the party?
4 Paula (come) home from school when she saw an accident.
5 In 1999 my father (live) in Dublin. That’s where he met my mother.
6 He (open) the box when he cut his finger.
7 This time last week, we (visit) my grandmother.
8 I (sit) at the back of the classroom so I couldn’t see the screen.
9 Andrew (insert) a photo into his document when the teacher stopped the class.
10 I (start) to do my homework when my friend sent me a message.

6 Choose the correct options.

1 I listened / was listening to the radio when I heard / was hearing this fantastic song.
2 When the teacher said / was saying ‘Stop!’, I still tried / was still trying to finish the last question.
3 I feel really silly! While I danced / was dancing, I fell / was falling and broke / was breaking my elbow.
4 Tim played / was playing a computer game when his mum called / was calling him for lunch.
5 I looked / was looking for a file on my memory stick when I noticed / was noticing there was a virus.
6 Ron found / was finding a really interesting website about dance music while he surfed / was surfing the internet.
7 My mum had / was having breakfast near the computer when she spilled / was spilling her cup of coffee on the keyboard.
8 When you saw / were seeing me yesterday, I didn’t go / wasn’t going to school, I went / was going to the doctor’s – I felt terrible.
9 How many pictures did you take / were you taking while you travelled / were travelling around Ireland?
10 Why did you chat / were you chatting to Philip while I tried / was trying to tell you something really important?

7 Complete the sentences with the past simple or the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I (switch off ) the computer because it (make) a strange noise.
2 My dad (listen) to classical music when I (arrive) home from school.
3 We (play) video games when my mum ,(say) ‘Turn the volume down!’
4 My cousin (meet) his wife, Bianca, while he (live) in Italy.
5 My little sister (draw) a picture while I (study) for my French exam.
6 While they (try) to fix the computer, all the lights (go out).
7 When we (leave) school yesterday, it (pour) with rain.
8 When you (see) Paul, he (wear) a black jacket?
9 I (try) to log on when the WiFi (stop) working.
10 While Dad (print) an article, the printer (run out) of paper.

8 Complete the story with the correct past tense form of the verbs in brackets.

Sometimes I hate computers! Once, when I 1 (try) to do my English homework on my laptop, the battery
2 (run out). I 3 (lie) on my bed and I was listening to music on Spotify. It helps me to concentrate.
I4 also (chat) to my friend Daniel on Facebook. OK, so I 5 (not concentrate) very hard on my
homework and I 6 (forget) to plug in my laptop!I didn’t notice that the battery was getting low. I was just finishing the
essay when the screen 7 (go) black. I 8 (lose) everything. I 9 (scream)
in frustration. My dad 10 (come) running into my bedroom. I 11 almost (cry) so he
12 (give) me his laptop. I 13 (try) to remember everything in my essay – it 14 (be) quite difficult
especially because Daniel was sending me lots of funny videos. Anyway, while I was watching one, the WiFi stopped working.
In the end it was probably better because I 15 (manage) to finish the essay.

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Grammar

Present perfect and past perfect

1 Write the past participle form of these regular and irregular verbs.
1 hate 8 tell
2 make 9 keep
3 speak 10 give
4 draw 11 pay
5 call 12 come
6 choose 13 walk
7 win 14 throw

2 Complete the sentences with the present perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Andres always (want) to be a professional footballer.
2 You (not stop) talking since you got here!
3 you (see) my new laptop? It’s really cool!
4 Cristiano Ronaldo (score) eighteen goals so far this season.
5 My dad just (buy) a new car.
6 What you (do) to your hair? It’s pink!
7 My mum and dad (teach) me the most in life.
8 Where you (be) all morning?
9 I (not pass) all my exams this year so I’m disappointed.
10 My brother (fall) in love with a girl from France.

3 Choose the correct options.

1 I’ve been here for / since 3 o’clock.
2 They’ve known each other for / since many years.
3 Nobody has heard from Carla for / since Saturday.
4 My mum has been in her new job for / since three weeks.
5 She hasn’t called me for / since the party.
6 He has played for Arsenal for / since2006.
7 My grandparents have been married for / since forty years.
8 It hasn’t rained for / since about three weeks.
9 Nothing has happened for / since yesterday morning.
10 Jorge hasn’t played tennis for / since his injury.

4 Choose the correct options.

1 Have you ever / already seen an opera?
2 I’ve already / just seen Pam. What’s she doing here?
3 They haven’t called me yet / already.
4 Carol has already / yet scored twenty points in this match.
5 We’ve ever / never eaten Spanish ham before.
6 I’ve yet / already called him three times today.
7 Do you ever / never go the gym?
8 I’m sorry, I haven’t made a reservation already / yet.

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Grammar

5 Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Before yesterday’s match, they (not win) any of their matches.
2 Before last year, she never (be) to Granada.
3 I (call) her twice before she finally sent me a message.
4 It was the first time he (hear) such beautiful music.
5 John always (think) that he wasn’t a good basketball player.
6 Laura never (be) good at dancing so she was very nervous.
7 My parents always (refuse) to let me stay out late so I was surprised when they said yes.
8 I never (drink) beer before that day. It wasn’t very nice.
9 By the time I got home, I (lose) my wallet.

6 Rewrite the sentences with the word in brackets in the correct place.
1 I don’t think I’ve tried surfing. (ever)

2 I had heard such an inspiring story. (never)

3 Have you asked your parents? (yet)

4 He had seen the film twice. (already)

5 I’ve finished reading the most amazing book. (just)

6 Had you studied English before you came here? (already)

7 I don’t think he has finished. (yet)

8 Have you seen the film Titanic? (ever)

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Grammar

Perfect and simple tenses

1 Complete the conversation with the present perfect, past simple or present simple form of the verbs in brackets.
A: 1 you (hear) anything from Julia in the last few weeks?
B: Yes, she’s in Madrid. She 2 (be) there since Saturday.
A: Oh, yeah! I 3 (forget) about that. 4 she (go) with her parents?
B: Yes, I think so. They 5 (go) to Madrid every Christmas. I think her brother 6 (live) there.
He 7 (be) there for a couple of years.
A: I 8 always (want) to visit Madrid. It’s such a beautiful city.
B: Do you think so? I’ve heard that it’s really hot in summer and really cold in winter.
A: My parents 9 (go) there last summer. I 10 (not go) because I 11 (have) exams.
B: Oh yes, I remember that. 12 you (pass) them all?
A: No, I 13 (fail) Spanish so I decided to take extra classes. I 14 (start) them in September.
B: So, 15 your Spanish (get) better since then?
A: Yes, I think so. I 16 really (improve) my vocabulary, especially since I met Pedro!
B: Pedro? Who 17 (be) Pedro?
A: He’s my new boyfriend. We 18 (be) together for three weeks now!

2 Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present simple, past simple, present perfect or
past perfect.

When Kakenya Ntaiya from Kenya was fourteen, she 1 (make) a deal with her father. He would let her finish high
school or she 2 (threaten) to run away. Maasai girls didn’t usually finish high school, but her father 3
(accept). Ntaiya said, ‘I had always liked going to school and I 4 (always dream) of being a teacher.’ But Ntaiya
5 (be) engaged to be married since the age of five and spent a lot of her childhood learning how to be a good
Maasai wife. However, she was very good at school and she 6 (win) a scholarship to go to the USA. The villagers
where she lived 7 (collect) money for her flight and Ntaiya 8 (promise) to come back to help the village.
When she 9 (finish) her degree she 10 (work) for a while at the UN and then got a doctorate. In 2009, she
11 (set) up a primary school in her old village.This school 12 now (help) more than 150 girls
to get a good education. Ntaiya 13 (keep) her promise to her village. The girls at the school 14 (want)
to be teachers, doctors or lawyers. But there 15 (be) problems. At first the villagers 16 (not want) to give
Ntaiya the land for the school but many parents now17 (realise) how important a good education can be for their
daughters.

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Grammar

Modals
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 I’ve put on a bit of weight so A What do you think I should wear?
2 Your hair is very long. B Don’t you think you ought to start it now?
3 Tom was really rude and C I probably ought to exercise more.
4 I know you have a test tomorrow but D you shouldn’t worry so much about passing or failing.
5 You said a really horrible thing to Cristina E so you shouldn’t eat too many biscuits.
6 You’re going to have dinner in an hour F you should never speak to him again.
7 I’m going to a party tonight. G Don’t you think you should get it cut?
8 You’ve got a lot of homework. H so I think you ought to apologise to her.

2 Choose the correct options.

1 I don’t think I can / could go out tomorrow. I have to study.
2 The WiFi isn’t working so we can’t / haven’t been able to log on to the internet for two days.
3 My mum wasn’t able to / couldn’t speak English when she was a child.
4 The door wasn’t locked so we could / were able to get into the house.
5 I’m sure Sam won’t can / be able to come to the picnic next Saturday. He’s got a football match.
6 Would you be able to / Could you really play the piano when you were five years old?
7 My laptop stopped working but after I had checked all the cables I could / was able to get it working again.
8 He won’t be able to / hadn’t been able to finish his homework before the teacher arrived.

3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1 tidy / really / bedroom / have / I / to / my

2 have / school / to / take / bus / Derek / Does / the / ?

3 yesterday / Why / go / you / cousin’s / have / to / to / did / your / house / ?

4 you / study / Do / we’ll / year / to / think / hard / next / have / ?

5 secret / our / anyone / mustn’t / so / you / It’s / tell

6 museum / Do / into / you / the / to / pay / to / get / have / ?

7 take / You / forget / to / keys / go / mustn’t / your / out / you / before

8 me / don’t / to / tell / have / You / now, / tell / later / can / you / me

9 wouldn’t / you / train / us, / came / with / the / take / you / have / If / to

10 had / early / My / every / get / to / sister / up / week / morning / last

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Grammar

4 Correct the sentences.

1 I don’t can see the television. Can you sit down, please.

2 Mark don’t have to call me if he doesn’t want to.

3 If I was rich, I would can buy lots of cool things.

4 When you’re in Bilbao, you ought visit the Guggenheim Museum.

5 I’m sorry I won’t able to go to your party on Friday.

6 Students must to always hand in their homework on time.

7 The police were called and they could catch the thieves.

8 I’m sorry but you don’t must smoke here.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a modal verb to express ability, obligation, prohibition or to give advice.
1 You really pay much attention to Philip. He’s always making fun of everyone. (advice)
2 At our school, all the students wear a uniform. (obligation)
3 We print out these pages because the printer’s not working. (ability)
4 You sit down on that bench because the paint is wet. (prohibition)
5 OK, you hand in the homework tomorrow. I’ll give you until Friday. (obligation)
6 When my dad was younger he use a computer. No one had ever taught him. (ability)
7 My brother thinks I get my hair cut. He says it’s too long. (advice)
8 I’ve been calling Paul all day but I speak to him yet. (ability)
9 My mum worked in the USA so she speak English at work. (obligation)
10 We’re installing some new software so you switch off the computer. (prohibition)

6 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box and the correct modal verb. Sometimes there is more than one possible
answer.
write down • watch • cut down • remember • complete • listen to • use • ride • tell
1 If you don’t like the film, I think you something else.
2 You the exam in 30 minutes but you a calculator. This is the non-calculator exam.
3 I on the amount of sugar I eat. My teeth are terrible!
4 You music while you’re studying. You can’t concentrate.
5 When I was five, I a bike.
6 You me – I can keep a secret.
7 Did you everything the teacher said in your notebooks?
8 Were you the password when you logged on?

7 Choose the correct options.

Have you ever left your house without your keys? I have. Several times! I 1can / could remember one time very well. I 2had to /
must go out for a few minutes to buy some bread. I thought to myself: ‘I 3don’t have to / mustn’t forget my keys.’ I closed the front
door and I suddenly realised I had forgotten my keys! ‘Now I 4 won’t be able to / couldn’t get back in later,’ I thought. I 5 had to /
must think quickly. No problem, I thought, I 6 am able to / can call my mum.
She 7 will can / will be able to let me in. Then I realised I’d also forgotten my mobile phone! Without my keys or my mobile phone
I 8 would have to / have had to go to Manu’s house – he’s a friend who lives down the road. So I went to Manu’s but he wasn’t in
so I 9 had to / must explain to his mum what had happened. ‘You 10 should / must give a key to one of your neighbours,’ she said.
Then I remembered that Mrs García next door had a key! Anyway, Mrs García gave me the key and I 11could / was able to get
back into the house. Then I realised … I’d forgotten to buy the bread!

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Grammar

Relative clauses
1 Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
1 I know a girl has a snake as a pet.
2 Is this the place the accident happened?
3 Have you got any music I might like?
4 It’s a video of a baby father is singing to her.
5 I think it was 2005 the programme was first shown.
6 ‘At Long Last Leave’is one of the episodes of The Simpsons was broadcast in 2011.
7 Claudia is the girl little brother loves watching reality shows.
8 This is the book I was telling you about yesterday.
9 The music I’m listening to is by a band called The Strypes.

2 Complete the sentences with the clauses in the box.

A when it was first broadcast in colour
B where it is shown at the weekend
C who played Minnie
D which is the second longest-running prime-time TV show in the USA
E whose real name was Walter Elias Disney
F who later became the 40th president of the USA.
G which was presented by Walt Disney himself
H who was the voice of Mickey Mouse for thirty-two years
I who is Walt Disney’s most famous character

Walt Disney
1 The Wonderful World of Disney, , was first broadcast in 1954.
2 The first series, , showed different animated cartoons from the Disney studios.
3 One of the presenters was Ronald Reagan, .
4 The programme moved to the channel NBC in 1961, .
5 The Magical World of Disney is now on Disney Junior, .
6 Mickey Mouse, , was originally called Mortimer.
7 Wayne Anthony Allwine, , married Russie Taylor, , in 1991.
8 Walt Disney, , died of lung cancer in 1966.

3 Correct the sentences.

1 You should talk to Ana, who she knows all about the Twlight series.

2 The singer whose going to sing for us on today’s programme is Beyoncé.

3 Look, this is the bag that I found it on the bus.

4 I think Castle is the best series, that I’ve ever seen.

5 Bart is the boy of whose dog is called Santa’s Little Helper.

6 The man which is sitting over there is a famous actor.

7 Coronation Street, that is a really popular soap opera in the UK, started a long time ago.

8 Homeland,is Silvia’s favourite TV show, is on tonight.

9 Is that the girl that her father was on the quiz show last night?

10 Tomorrow we’re going to Barcelona, in where we’ll visit the Sagrada Familia Cathedral.

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Grammar

4 Tick (✓) the sentences in which the relative pronoun can be omitted.
1 No, Tuesday was the day when we had two Maths classes.
2 I think it was Dan whose grandfather had an accident last year.
3 The man who she talked to said he was from France.
4 On the second day we visited Oviedo, where I bought those red shoes.
5 Is that the girl who says she was on X Factor?
6 The Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, which is the second most
popular tourist site in Madrid, is the home of Real Madrid.
7 The series that I watched yesterday was fantastic.
8 He lives in the town that we visited last year.

5 Choose the correct ending.

1 Last summer we went to
a Galway, which is in the west of Ireland.
b Galway that is in the west of Ireland.
2 Some of the
a people, who live there, speak Gaelic.
b people who live there speak Gaelic.
3 Gaelic is
a a language, which is very different from English.
b a language that is very different from English.
4 We visited
a Connemara, where we saw some really beautiful countryside.
b Connemara in which we saw some really beautiful countryside.
5 We met a couple from Madrid,
a whose daughter was studying in Galway.
b who their daughter was studying in Galway.
6 We went to see some traditional Irish music on the night
a which we were in Galway.
b when we were in Galway.

6 Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 The TV that A bought her a Porsche for Christmas.
2 The chair that B my dad studied.
3 I know a girl whose parents C which was great fun.
4 Do you remember last Wednesday, when D there are some amazing museums.
5 I’d like to go to London, where E we bought was really expensive.
6 That’s the school where F you’re sitting on doesn’t look very strong.
7 Here’s a photo of Sara, who G I was dancing with last night.
8 We went to a water park on Saturday, H I was feeling really sad?

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Grammar

7 Join the two parts of the sentences.

1 This is the car. My dad bought the car last week.

2 I met a girl. Her brother lives in Liverpool.

3 Two years ago my sister went to live in New York. She met her husband in New York.

4 We went swimming in the sea. The sea was very cold.

5 This is not the sandwich. I asked for the sandwich.

6 My cousin draws really well. My cousin is only ten years old.

7 Angelina Jolie is married to Brad Pitt. Angelina Jolie’s father is a famous actor.

8 I clearly remember the summer. I got my first bike in the summer.

8 Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun. Use who, whose, which, that, where or when. Sometimes there
is more than one possible answer.
1 The demonstrations occurred at a time people were angry about unemployment.
2 Do you know any of the people camped out in the square all night?
3 I know someone brother was injured in the protests last year.
4 I’m going on a march this weekend has been organised by campaigners against climate change.
5 The stadium is going to be built in an area many poor people live.
6 We are protesting about the changes are planned for education and health.

9 Tick (✓) the sentences in which the relative pronoun can be omitted.
1 My grandmother remembers the time when there was a lot of racial discrimination against
African-Americans in the USA.
2 Some of the protestors who were arrested last month are still in prison.
3 The message that we want to give the government is that young people need a future.
4 Most of the demonstrations took place in the capital, where opposition to the government is strongest.
5 We took part in the demonstrations, which we heard about on the internet, because we wanted
to protest about the government’s economic policies.
6 The street art that the activists created became an important part of the protest movement.
7 The peaceful protest that began last week has grown very rapidly into a nationwide movement.
8 The news reports which I’ve seen have been very inaccurate.

10 Underline the correct word or words in the sentences.

1 The people who / that / which began the protest wanted to protect the trees in the park.
2 Several famous artists joined the movement, who / that / which increased its influence.
3 The law who / that / which the government is proposing will restrict the freedom of the press.
4 The young people in the square, who / that / which spent every day there, were very committed to the movement.
5 This picture, who / that / which appeared in many news reports, became the iconic image of the protest movement.
6 You can find most of the information who / that / which you need on the internet.
7 Rosa Parks was the African-American woman who / that / which famously refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white
passenger in 1955.
8 My neighbour, who / that / which is quite elderly, remembers taking part in demonstrations in the 1950s.

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Grammar

11 Complete the text with the correct relative pronouns. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
In 2014 there was a protest in Rio de Janeiro against increased fares for public transport. For a daily commuter
1 earns the minimum wage, the proposed increase of 25 centavos was too much. The demonstration began
peacefully as the protestors gathered outside the cathedral, 2 is in the city centre. They then marched towards the
Central Station, 3 some activists jumped over the barriers and seized control of the ticket machines. The police fired
tear gas at the crowd and the activists threw petrol bombs. Several commuters, 4 were on their way home from
work, were hurt.
In June 2013 there were similar protests against increased fares in Sao Paulo, 5 developed into a nationwide
movement against corruption, poor public services and the high cost of hosting the football World Cup in 2014. Further
protests followed a few months later, 6 teachers went on strike over their pay.
Protestors are not only taking to the streets – they are also presenting their own versions of events through apps
7 allow them to broadcast live online. Some new independent media collectives, 8 members are ‘citizen
journalists’, are now reaching large audiences through the internet.

12 Join the sentences using defining relative clauses.

1 The website was developed by a group of young people. They wanted to protect civil liberties.

2 I like artists. Their work challenges what is accepted.

3 The film is set at a time. Many anti-war demonstrations were taking place then.

4 I grew up in a provincial town. Nothing ever happened there.

5 UK Uncut is a grassroots movement. It takes action to show people alternatives to spending cuts.

6 The photo has been used by several newspapers. I took the photo.

13 Join the sentences using non-defining relative clauses and commas.

1 In Bangladesh in 2013 the Rana Plaza building collapsed. The building was home to four garments factories.

2 The building collapsed at 8.45 a.m. It was full of people.

3 Tragically, more than 1,000 people died and more than 2,000 were injured in the disaster. The disaster happened in minutes.

4 When the building started to collapse, many people hid under the staircases. They thought they would be safe there.

5 On the first anniversary of the disaster, thousands of demonstrators marched to the ruins of the building, demanding
compensation. They included injured survivors and relatives of the deceased.

6 Some children at the protest held photos of their missing mothers. Their mothers’ bodies had not yet been found.

7 Survivors and relatives of those killed have received little compensation. Campaigners say that this lack of compensation is
the fault of western retailers.

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Grammar

14 Complete the text with relative clauses A–H.

A when you could stay in the same job all your life
B where my family live
C which manufactures leather goods and shoes,
D which would make the factory more efficient
E who did not wish to be named
F who has worked for Redvale for fifteen years
G who were protesting
H whose parents had both worked there before her

On Saturday hundreds of people gathered in Market Square to protest against the closure of Redvale’s factory. Redvale, 1
, is a major employer in the town. A spokesperson for the company said that they are being forced to close the
factory because of competition from overseas. However, the employees 2 thought the company could have done
more to keep the factory open. ‘Management could invest in new machinery, 3 ,’
claimed the union spokesperson, Sam Miller. Other employees felt hurt by the company’s decision. ‘Lots of us have worked for
the company for years and feel bitter about this,’ said Gina Wilson, 4 and . ‘I don’t want to have to move to
find another job. This is the community 6 and it’s not easy to find other work, so I’m worried about the future.’ People
watching the protest were sympathetic. ‘Times have changed,’ commented one person 7 . ‘The days 8
have gone. It’s much harder for employees now.’

15 Choose the correct ending.

1 Demonstrators against
a the nuclear power plant that is being built on the east coast marched through the capital yesterday.
b the nuclear power plant, which is being built on the east coast, marched through the capital yesterday.
2 The demonstrators then sat down in
a the roads that stopped all the traffic.
b the roads, which stopped all the traffic.
3 Many of
a the people, who live on the east coast, are afraid of having a nuclear power plant nearby.
b the people who live on the east coast are afraid of having a nuclear power plant nearby.
4 I talked to a
a family whose home is only two kilometres from the power plant.
b family, whose home is only two kilometres from the power plant.
5 Demonstrators were particularly angry with
a the Energy Minister, who refuses to listen to them.
b the Energy Minister that refuses to listen to them.
6 Supporters of the plant argue that it will be much safer than
a Japan’s Fukushima plant that failed in 2011.
b Japan’s Fukushima plant, which failed in 2011.

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Grammar

The future
1 Match the future sentences (1–8) with the uses (A–F).
1 I’ve eaten too many sweets. I’m going to be sick! A action scheduled for a particular time
2 Oh, no! There’s no milk. Oh, well. I’ll just go out and buy some. B plan or intention
3 What time does the train leave tomorrow? C prediction based on evidence
4 The film is called The Wolf of Wall Street. I think you’ll really like it. D definite plan or future arrangement
5 I’m having lunch with my cousin tomorrow. It’s her birthday. E prediction based on opinion
6 I bought the new Artic Monkeys album. I’m going to listen F spontaneous decision
to it later.
7 It’s only 9 o’clock in the morning and it’s already 30 degrees!
It’s going to be really hot today.
8 I haven’t been feeling very well so I’m going to the doctor later.

2 Choose the correct options.

1 This is the last English class so I expect the teacher gives / will give us an exam.
2 OK, let’s meet later. I ’m calling / ’ll call you this afternoon.
3 Are you going out / Will you go out tonight?
4 What will you do / are you going to do after dinner tonight?
5 Hold on, the music’s very loud and I can’t hear you. I turn / ’ll turn it down.
6 I think we ’ll still be / ’re still being together next year.
7 They’ve won the last seven matches. They ’re not going to lose / ’re not losing the next one.
8 The timetable shows that the next bus will leave / leaves in ten minutes.

3 Correct the sentences.

1 I think that in a few years all students are having tablets at school.

2 Will you play tennis after school today?

3 Look at the grey sky! Do you think it snows this afternoon?

4 Sara called me and we will meet at the gym later.

5 Look at the poster. The festival is going to go on until the end of next week.

6 My sister will get married next year.

7 He sent me a really long email. I think I read it later.

8 Someone’s knocking on the door. I go and see who it is.

4 What do the sentences mean? Write PL (plans) or (PR) predictions.

1 It’s very windy and that tree isn’t very strong. It’s going to fall.
2 When she’s older she’s going to be a rock star.
3 I’m really tired. I’m not going to study any longer.
4 It’s very cloudy. Do you think it’s going to rain?
5 What are we going to have for dinner?
6 I don’t love him anymore. I’m going to break up with him.
7 So if the film finishes at 8 o’clock, what time are you going to get home?
8 When he sees this mess he’s going to be really annoyed.

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Grammar

5 Complete the sentences with be or have and the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 By this time tomorrow, I’ll (finish) all my exams.
2 Come and visit me and my cousin tomorrow afternoon. We’ll (play) video games.
3 I’ll (wait) for you when you get to the station.
4 In December, my sister will (be) in London for three years.
5 By the time we get to Paris, we’ll (take) three different trains.
6 I’ll call you at 8 o’clock tonight. What will you (do) then?
7 I hope I’ll (get) married by the time I’m thirty.
8 We’ll (have) dinner when the match begins. We’re going to miss the start!

6 Complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes there is more than one possible
answer.
1 When I retire, I probably (go) and live by the sea.
2 You have to get up early tomorrow. The plane (leave) at 7 o’clock.
3 Call me at 9 o’clock. I (finish) my breakfast by then.
4 From now on, I (study) hard every day. I don’t want to fail my exams.
5 We (have) a party on Friday. Do you want to come?
6 The phone is ringing. you (answer) it? My hands are dirty.
7 This time tomorrow, Paul and I (get) married.
8 Oh no, look at this mess! What we (do)?

7 Read the dialogue and circle the correct option: a, b or c.

Sophie: So 1 anything interesting this weekend?
Anna: Yes, my sister 2 married tomorrow.
Sophie: Really? That 3 fun.
Anna: Yes, I hope it will. My cousins 4 from Australia today. The plane 5 this evening at seven o’clock so my dad
and I 6 them up from the airport.
Sophie: I suppose your sister will be anxious.
Anna: Yes, a lot of people are coming to the wedding but I keep telling her that on Monday she’ll be on her honeymoon. She 7
on the beach in Miami!
Sophie: Miami? That’s nice. What’s her fiancé’s name?
Anna: Jorge. He’s from Spain. They 8 together for three years by tomorrow. His family’s travelling tomorrow from
Santander. They 9 at a hotel. He’s got a small family so there won’t be very many of them at the wedding. I 10
my Spanish with them.
1 a will you do b will you have done c are you doing
2 a will get b is getting c is going to get
3 a will be b is c is being
4 a come b will come c are coming
5 a will arrive b will have arrived c arrives
6 a are going to pick b will be picking c will pick
7 a will lie b will be lying c is lying
8 a will have been b will be c are going to be
9 a will stay b will have stayed c are going to stay
10 a will practise b am going to practise c am practising

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Grammar

Reported speech
1 Complete the statements in reported speech.
1 ‘I’ll be amazed if I finish the race.’
He said that he the race.
2 ‘Simon can’t come to the party tomorrow.’
Diane told us that Simon to the party .
3 ‘I’m listening to music and my brother’s watching TV.’
Mary said to music and TV.
4 ‘They’re not going to be happy when they see this.’
He said that to be happy when .
5 ‘Eva wants to go and see a film this evening.’
Carl said that Eva and see a film .
6 ‘Ursula will call you next week.’
She told me that Ursula week.
7 ‘My family went to France last year.’
Andy said to France .

2 Complete the statements in direct speech.

1 He said that he was looking for his mobile phone. 4 My dad said he couldn’t help me with my homework.
‘ mobile phone.’ ‘ homework.’
2 Ann told me she would meet me at school the next day. 5 He told me he had looked up the word in his dictionary.
‘ .’ ‘ dictionary.’
3 They told me they were going out with their cousins 6 Eddie said he hadn’t finished his homework yet.
for dinner. ‘ homework yet.’
‘ cousins for dinner.’

3 Look at the questions that students are asking about courses at a university. Rewrite them as reported speech.
1 ‘What will I be able to study at this university?’
The first student asked .
2 ‘How can I find out about summer courses?’
Another one asked .
3 ‘How much does the English course cost?’
Tom wanted to know .
4 ‘When is the German course going to start?’
He also wanted to know .
5 ‘Why aren’t they offering Chinese courses?
Another student asked .
6 Did they have a summer course last year?
She also asked .

4 Write the questions in direct speech.

1 He asked me whether I was using the computer that afternoon.
‘ ?’
2 Ted asked me when I could come and see him.
‘When ?’
3 They asked us why we hadn’t done our homework yet.
‘Why ?’
4 She asked me when I was going to tell her the truth.
‘When ?’
5 Paula asked me what the funniest film I had ever seen was.
‘What ?’
6 She asked me whether I was going to meet her the next day.
‘ ?’

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Grammar

5 Complete the reported commands and requests.

1 ‘Don’t tell me the answer yet.’
He told me the answer yet.
2 ‘Look up the word in your dictionary first.’
The teacher told me dictionary first.
3 ‘Don’t go rock climbing without a helmet.’
He told me without a helmet.
4 ‘Do me a favour, please.’
My mother asked me a favour.
5 ‘Don’t run away from me.’
She told me .
6 ‘Could you make sure you’ve got your ticket?’
He asked me ticket.
7 ‘Don’t interrupt me while I’m talking.’
He told me talking.
8 ‘Would you mind packing my suitcase?’
She asked me suitcase.

6 Write the commands and requests in direct speech.

1 She asked me to go over the explanation again. 4 They asked me to look after their bags.

2 Kevin told me not to touch his mobile phone. 5 He asked me not to go into his room.

3 The teacher told us to open our books. 6 We asked them to leave their coats and bags at the door.

7 Correct the sentences.

1 He said me that he was going rock climbing. 5 Paul told me to don’t tell anyone.

2 They told to us that he was on holiday. 6 We asked to them to go with us.

3 She asked I was going to school the next day. 7 My friend told him to not give up playing football.

8 Choose the correct options.

1 David never apologised for not calling / to not call me.
2 My sister has denied to take / taking my tablet.
3 The neighbours warned that we don’t go / us not to go to the park.
4 The teacher reminded us to bring / we to bring in our essays the next day.
5 I suggested to eat / eating at an Italian restaurant.
6 The teacher ordered us don’t touch / not to touch anything in the room.
7 Marcos advised me reading / to read everything very carefully.
8 Would you recommend going / to go to that museum?

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Grammar

9 Complete the statements in reported speech.

1 ‘I won’t come with you to see the film as I’ve already seen it,’ David told us.
David told us .
2 ‘We’re planning on going to the film festival next month,’ Elena told me.
Elena told me .
3 ‘I enjoyed his first film but I didn’t like his later ones so much,’ she said.
She said .
4 ‘My brother watches two or three DVDs a week,’ Javier said.
Javier said .
5 ‘You’ll love that film because the special effects are brilliant!’ he told me.
He told me .
6 ‘I was going to study Drama, but now I’ve changed my mind,’ Clara said.
Clara said .
7 ‘I’m going to make a documentary about Barcelona,’ Isabel told us.
Isabel told us .
8 ‘I don’t think she can act at all!’ he said.
He said .

10 Choose the correct option.

1 I asked Juan why no one has told / had told me about the concert.
2 Sara wanted to know what time did the film start / the film started.
3 He asked me if /that I’d like to go to the cinema with them.
4 I wanted to know if was anyone going / anyone was going to the café.
5 Cristina asked me if I could / can suggest a present for Claudia.
6 We asked whether could we book / we could book tickets in advance.
7 Many fans wanted to know when the next film in the series would / will be released.
8 My friends wanted to know why hadn’t I enjoyed / I hadn’t enjoyed the film.

11 Complete the commands and requests in reported speech.

1 ‘Could you get me some popcorn?’ Barbara asked me.
Barbara asked .
2 ‘Get off the bus by the museum,’ Tiago told me.
Tiago told .
3 ‘Can you pick me up from the station this afternoon?’ Lucia asked her mother.
Lucia asked .
4 ‘Don’t waste your time watching that film,’ I told him.
I told .
5 ‘Could you let me know when you’re free?’ Raquel asked her friends.
Raquel asked .
6 ‘Write an article about your experience,’ his friends told him.
His friends told .
7 ‘Could you send me some of your photos?’ I asked them.
I asked .
8 ‘Don’t mention my plans to my parents,’ she told him.
She told .

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Grammar

12 Complete the text with the reporting verbs in the box.

accuses • admits • apologises • claims • explains • invites • offers • promises • threatens • warns

This comedy is about an office worker, Adam, and his friends and family. In this episode, his friend Lucy 1 him to
stay with her, but then 2 him of stealing quite a large amount of money from her. Adam denies this, but she doesn’t
believe him and she 3 to tell the police. Adam 4 to help Lucy find the real thief and so they begin to
watch all the visitors who come to the house. Eventually they discover that it is Lucy’s brother who has taken the money. He 5
taking it and 6 that he is in debt because he’s lost his job. Lucy
7 to Adam for wrongly accusing him, and 8 she never really thought he’d taken it. She 9 her
brother not to steal from her again and she also 10 to lend him some money.

13 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes there is more than one possible
answer.
1 Laura admitted my bike without asking me. (take)
2 The coach threatened Joe from the team if he didn’t do what he was told. (drop)
3 The two men claimed anything unusual. (not/see)
4 The lifeguard warned us (not/swim) because the sea was too rough.
5 I promised late. (not/be)
6 The doctor explained my arm in two places. (I/break)
7 Andres invited me camping with him and his brother. (go)
8 My boyfriend apologised me. (not/believe)
9 The woman in the seat next to me on the plane offered seats with me. (change)
10 My History teacher accused me my essay from the internet. (copy)

14 Rewrite the sentences as reported speech. Use the appropriate reporting verbs (accuse, admit, etc.).
1 ‘I’m sorry for shouting at you,’ I said to her.

2 ‘Don’t expect therapy to solve everything,’ she told me.

3 ‘Would you like to join my band?’ Manuel asked me.

4 ‘You were rude to your uncle and aunt,’ Mum said to me and my sister.

5 ‘I’ve seen Gravity about 20 times!’ Maria said.

6 ‘I’ll send you the link to the review I read,’ Irene said to me.

7 ‘We recorded the actors before we started making the animation,’ he said.

8 ‘I’ll send you to the headteacher if you keep misbehaving,’ she said to him.

9 ‘Yes, I did forget to blow up the balloons,’ Martin said.

10 ‘I’ll get the tickets today,’ Antonio said.

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Grammar

15 Correct the sentences.

1 The director told them that they shoot the scene again.

2 I asked that we could watch an adventure film.

3 She apologised that she had forgotten her lines.

4 He asked me what did I think of the film.

5 Sara claimed being ill on Friday.

6 I told her to not wait for me.

7 My friends wanted to know if I have had a good holiday.

8 I asked them that they didn’t tell me how ended the film.

16 Rewrite this interview with an actress as reported speech.

1 Q: ‘Have you always wanted to be an actress?’
I asked .
2 A: ‘I trained as a ballet dancer when I was a child, like my mother.’
She said that .
3 Q: ‘Why did you leave ballet and become an actress?’
I asked .
4 A: ‘I wasn’t good enough to do ballet professionally.’
She replied .
5 A: ‘And I always enjoyed acting at school.’
She explained .
6 Q: ‘What kind of films do you enjoy the most?’
I asked her .
7 A: ‘Horror films are my favourite because I love screaming!’
She said .
8 Q: ‘Could you tell us a secret about yourself?’
I asked her .
9 A: ‘I’m afraid of spiders.’
She admitted .
10 Q: ‘Don’t worry – I can’t see any.’
I told her .

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Grammar

Conditionals
1 Read the sentences. What kind of conditional are they? Write 0, 1st, 2nd or 3rd.
1 You’ll be late for school if you don’t hurry up.
2 If you leave milk out of the fridge, it goes off.
3 I wouldn’t have come to this party if you hadn’t convinced me to come.
4 If I have time this evening, I’ll call you.
5 The journey wouldn’t have taken three hours if there hadn’t been so much traffic.
6 If you don’t water this plant every day, it dies.
7 I would probably take a break if I was tired.
8 If I had my camera, I’d take a few photos.

2 Choose the correct options.

1 If I go / went on a long business trip, my mother gets really worried.
2 What will / would you do if there was no electricity?
3 I won’t touch your computer if you don’t want / didn’t want me to.
4 I wouldn’t have gone to the concert if you hadn’t given / don’t give me free tickets.
5 If you don’t want to come, I ’ll go / go by myself.
6 He wouldn’t text you so often if he didn’t / doesn’t like you.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Zero conditionals
1 If you (forget) to take your umbrella, it always (rain).
2 If you (not drink) water, you (get) thirsty.
First conditionals
3 Your mum (not be) pleased if you (splash out) on those shoes.
4 If you (look after) your little brother, I (buy) you that new jacket.
Second conditionals
5 If I (have) more time, I (take) more exercise.
6 If my parents (have) a holiday home in the mountains, I definitely (take) advantage of it.
Third conditionals
7 I (believe) him if you (not tell) me he was lying.
8 If I (see) her at school, I (speak) to her.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 If she had told me to wait, I (take) a seat.
2 If you smack Jane, I (tell) Mum.
3 I wouldn’t have walked to school if I (know) it was going to rain.
4 If you (write) in pencil, you can correct your mistakes more easily.
5 I’m sure your dad would tell you the truth if you (ask) him.
6 If these don’t fit, I (try on) another pair of jeans.

5 Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets so that they have the same meaning.
1 We’ll go out for dinner on Friday if Ben gets back from his trip on time. (unless)

2 We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if my mum lends me her car. (provided)

3 I’ll be allowed to go to the party if I do all my homework. (as long as)

4 I’ll speak to you in English if you speak to me in Spanish. (condition)

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Grammar

6 Correct the sentences.

1 As long you take a taxi, you’d be at the airport at 11 o’clock.

2 If you’ll press this button, the engine starts.

3 I take a photo of you if you put that hat on.

4 If you concentrated on your homework, it won’t take you so long.

5 Will you do it by yourself if I’ll show you how to do it?

6 If I don’t have a snack in the morning, I would get hungry before lunch.

7 If you had looked after your school bag, it wouldn’t break.

8 You’d feel better unless you took more exercise.

7 Write conditional sentences.

1 Zero: If / teenagers / shake hands / in my country / they / be considered / very formal

2 Third: If / you / tell / me earlier / I / be / able / help you

3 Second: If / Sarah / go away / to France for a year / Rob / forget about / her

4 First: If / you / eat / crisps now / you / not eat / your dinner later

5 Second: Greg / be / your best man if / you / ask / him

6 Third: They / break up sooner / if / Anna / not cover up / the affair

8 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1 John was able to fix my computer because he’s an expert.
John wouldn’t have .
2 You are always interrupting me so I won’t be able to finish this.
If you don’t .
3 OK, I agree to make dinner but you have to buy the food.
I’ll .
4 I don’t speak any French because I don’t live in France.
I’d be able to .
5 I’m sorry I didn’t call you but I was really busy.
If I hadn’t .
6 I didn’t pass my exams because I didn’t study enough.
If I .
7 You’re not free tomorrow so I won’t call you.
I’d call .

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Grammar

Passive and to have / get something done

1 Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in the box.
send out • build • make • use up • warn • pay • clean • wash
1 These houses in the 1990s so they’re quite new.
2 In lots of hotels, the towels every day.
3 Our boxes usually from very strong cardboard.
4 The money into your bank account next week.
5 I didn’t know that the invitations already .
6 Take your shoes off, please. The floor just .
7 There’s a huge storm at the moment so people not to go near the beach.
8 If we’re not careful, all our natural resources very quickly.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct active or passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1 The rubbish (collect) every day.
2 Hold on, Robert’s on the phone. He (tell) me all about the party yesterday. It’s hilarious!
3 Their new album (release) next month.
4 I can’t get in touch with Joe. I (call) him three times today.
5 Susan just (offer) a job with a timber firm in Scotland.
6 I (grow up) in a small town near Cardiff.
7 The students (order) to stop writing by the examiners.
8 By the time the new recycling system started, we (send) three letters about it.

3 Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 The song Wrecking Ball was released in 2013 A by the composer Tony Britten in 1992.
2 Lynn and Freya were driven to the party B by the people behind us.
3 There were loads of people at the concert and we were shoved C by one critic.
4 The enormous painting Guernica was painted D by Lynn’s dad.
5 Twilight is a series of novels that were written E by Picasso in 1937.
6 The film was described as ‘a pile of rubbish’ F by Xie Qiuping from China.
7 The famous UEFA Champions League anthem was composed H by Miley Cyrus.
8 The record for the longest hair at 5.6 m is currently held I by the American author Stephenie Meyer.

4 Correct the sentences.

1 A new shopping centre is building near my house.

2 It got stolen my coat last week.

3 The old bottles will recycled to make new bottles.

4 Batteries shouldn’t thrown out with organic waste.

5 The bins not have been collected for three weeks.

6 How many cans is recycled here every week?

7 I would like to get tattooed a butterfly on my arm.

8 My mother had this table make for this room.

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Grammar

5 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Aluminium 1 (discover) only about 150 years ago and at that time it 2 (consider) more valuable than silver.
But now we 3 (use) it in lots of things – drinking cans, of course but also cars and windows. It
4 even (use) in some medicines, like aspirin. One advantage of aluminium is that it 5 (can/
recycle) easily – we 6 (put) our cans into the yellow bins with the cartons and plastic. The cans
7 (have to/clean) first and then they 8 (melt down) into large blocks. Nothing 9 (lose) in the
process, which makes aluminium 100% recyclable. It 10 (think) that one day we might be able to keep reusing the
aluminium we 11 already (use). The recycling process is also very quick. A drinks can
12 (can/recycle) and made into another can in less than six weeks.

6 Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice.

1 At my school they had created a stress management programme before teachers recognised stress as a problem in other
schools.

2 They have given us a lot of advice about how to control stress.

3 They are holding relaxation classes twice a week.

4 Last week they taught us how to breathe properly.

5 They encourage everyone to try the relaxation techniques at home.

6 They will probably offer extra classes during the exam period.

7 They’re going to assess our coursework next week.

8 They would support me if I got very stressed by the exams.

7 Choose the correct option: active or passive.

A few weeks ago I had an operation because I 1had broken / had been broken some bones in my hand. Before I went into
hospital, I met the specialist, who 2explained / was explained why the operation 3needed / was needed and what he 4would do /
would be done.
The operation went well and afterwards I recovered quite quickly. The doctors and nurses 5treated / were treated me very well
and my parents 6allowed / were allowed to visit me every day. They 7brought / were brought me nice things to eat and other little
presents. My hand 8hurt / was hurt quite a lot, but the pain 9controlled / was controlled by the medication quite well.
I left hospital three days after the operation and 10gave / was given painkillers and also exercises to strengthen the muscles in
my hand because they 11had weakened / had been weakened by the break. I did them every day, and my hand 12has improved /
has been improved a lot. It feels stronger and I can move it more easily.

8 Complete the sentences with the correct active or passive form of the verb in brackets. Sometimes more than one tense is
possible.
1 The understanding of the body (transform) by the discovery of X-rays.
2 MRI technology (now/use) as an alternative way of looking into the body.
3 Ella (suffer) from severe headaches for several months.
4 Carlos had some trouble sleeping while he (take) those tablets.
5 you (tell) to stay in bed, or can you get up?
6 I (never/do) yoga before last week’s class but I found it really enjoyable.
7 I think you (help) by therapy if you felt like having it.
8 Dr Smith (discuss) all your treatment options with you next week.
9 My mental health (affect) by the stress I’m under at the moment.
10 Two student doctors watched while I (examine) by the doctor.

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Grammar

9 Write sentences using the passive voice and by.

1 some illnesses / partly / caused / an unhealthy lifestyle

2 the first human heart transplant / perform / Professor Christiaan Barnard / 1967

3 nine million lives / save / vaccination / every year worldwide

4 the stethoscope / invent / René Laennec / 1816

5 antidepressants / take / millions of people / these days

6 asthma / sometimes / bring on / colds and viral infections

7 the first X-ray image / generate / Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen / 1895

8 I caught malaria because I / bite / an infected mosquito

10 Complete the sentences in the passive voice. Use by where necessary.

1 Someone might introduce a vaccine against malaria in 2015.
A vaccine .
2 You must keep this medicine in the fridge.
This medicine .
3 The doctor should have given you more information.
You .
4 Therapists can teach people how to manage their anxiety.
People .
5 Vaccination could have saved these children’s lives.
These children’s lives .
6 Your doctor should review your treatment after six months.
Your treatment .
7 Your lifestyle may have caused your heart attack.
Your heart attack .
8 They must have taken him to hospital by ambulance.
He

11 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Some people say that symptoms of depression (can/reduce) by having a pet.
2 You (might/keep) in hospital for a week after your operation next month.
3 Natalia’s lucky. She (could/injure) in the accident.
4 People (should/now/educate) about the health risks associated with high levels of screen-viewing.
5 I (must/affect) by the stress of the exams because I got ill as soon as they were over.
6 You (should not/send) home from hospital before you were ready.
7 The anxiety I experienced last year (may/cause) by changing schools and losing my grandmother.
8 You (will/ask) to remove all your make-up before your operation.

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Grammar

12 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present tense.
be • cause • have • improve • increase • protect • reduce • suffer
1 Spending time in nature helpful for depression. (believe)
2 One in six young people in the UK from anxiety. (estimate)
3 Changes in the chemicals of the brain migraines. (think)
4 Exercise the risk of major illnesses such as heart disease and cancer by up to 50%. (know)
5 Tai chi mental health. (say)
6 Some foods special health benefits, such as reducing the symptoms of depression. (claim)
7 Being stressed your chances of becoming ill. (consider)
8 Washing your hands regularly you from getting colds. (know)

13 Complete the text with one word in each gap.

Coronary heart disease is known 1 be the UK’s biggest killer: it causes around 82,000 deaths a year. About 2.7 million
people 2 estimated to be living with the disease in the UK. Generally, more men than women are affected
3 it.
A person has coronary heart disease when the supply of blood to the surface of the heart 4 blocked by fatty material
in the coronary arteries. If the supply of blood to your heart muscle 5 cut off, you will have a heart attack.
Although coronary heart disease 6 be cured, the symptoms 7 be managed, and the risk of a heart attack
can 8 reduced.
Many patients have 9 helped by a combination of medicine, regular exercise, eating healthily and stopping smoking.
All these lifestyle changes 10 been shown to improve the functioning of the heart.

14 Choose the correct options.

1 David took the dog / had the dog taken to the vet in his car this morning.
2 I cut my hair / got my hair cut at that new place. What do you think?
3 The painter painted the living room / had the living room painted in our house.
4 The dentist took out Tina’s front teeth / had Tina’s front teeth taken out.
5 I’m going to take my photograph / have my photograph taken by a professional.
6 Dad won’t clean the car / have the car cleaned because he’s too tired.
7 Phil tattooed a shark / got a shark tattooed on his back.
8 I got my old fridge picked up / picked up my old fridge by the council.

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