Name________________________________Date___________________________Block__________Graded:__________
DNA Structure Review!
Multiple Choice
1. The primary function of DNA in cells is to
a. Serve as a storage form for unused nucleotides.
b. Occupy space in the nucleus to keep the nucleus from collapsing
c. Store information that tell the cells which proteins to make.
d. Serve as a template for making large spiral carbohydrates.
2. The two strands of DNA molecule are held together by
a. Ionic bonds
b. Covalent bonds
c. Peptide bonds
d. Hydrogen bonds
3. According to the base-paring rules, guanine binds with
a. Cytosine
b. Adenine
c. Thymine
d. Guanine
SECTION 10-1 REVIEW
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each part of the figure in the spaces provided.
SHORT ANSWER: Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide, and how are they connected to each other?
2. If 15% of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule contain guanine, what percentage of the nucleotides contain each of the other
three bases? Explain your reasoning.
3. Why is it important that exact copies of DNA are produced during replication?
4. Critical Thinking Why is it advantageous to have weak hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs and strong
covalent bonds between phosphate and deoxyribose groups in a DNA molecule?
The drawings show a very small section of the DNA double helix from 3 very different organisms: a plant, a mammal, and a bacterium.
Each strand of DNA shown contains 5 nucleotides each with a:
S = 5 carbon sugar called deoyribose
P = phosphate group
A = adenine, C = cytosine, G = guanine, or T = thymine; the nucleotide bases
Plant Animal Bacterium
1) Compare the sugar-phosphate arrangement in the backbone of the DNA from the plant, the animal, and the bacterium. Are there any
differences in the backbone?
2) Which bases are present in the DNA of the plant? __________________________ The animal? ________________________ The
bacterium? ________________________ Are the same bases present in all three cases? __________. Are the bases in the same
order? _________
3) Describe the pattern of base pair matching for the 2 strands in the plant’s DNA. In other words, which types of bases are paired
together? ___________________________________________________ Does the DNA from the animal follow the same base-
pairing rule and the DNA from the plant?
4) ________ Is base-pairing the same or different in the DNA of the bacterium? ___________________
5) What characteristics are similar in the DNA of plants, animals, and bacteria?
6) What is the only characteristic that differs between these segments of DNA from a plant, an animal, and a bacterium?
These observations illustrate the similarity of the basic structure of DNA in all living organisms. The genetic differences between plants,
animals, and bacteria are due to differences in the sequence of bases of their DNA.
How is DNA Replicated?
DNA replication is a process called semi-conservative replication. Before cell division (mitosis, meiosis) the double helix must be
accurately replicated (copied) so that the daughter cells will receive genetic instructions. There are 3 steps to semi-conservative
replication:
1. The enzyme helicase ________________________ the double helix
2. Strands separate by breaking _______________________________________ bonds
3. Use the original strands as a template to copy new strands. This is done by the enzyme
________________________________________
Practice It!
In the drawing below, the small segment of plant DNA is shown after the two strands of the DNA molecule have been separated by
DNA helicase. Your job is to play the role of DNA polymerase and create the new matching strands of DNA to make two pieces of
double-stranded DNA in the drawing below. Use the base-pairing rule to determine which nucleotides to add.
Now look at both of the double-stranded pieces of DNA you have created.
1. Are there any differences between the two strands?
2. Are these new double-stranded pieces of DNA the same as or different than the original piece of plant DNA (shown on page
2)?
3. Describe the function of DNA polymerase.
4. Describe why each part of the name DNA polymerase (DNA, polymer, -ase) makes sense.
DNA Replication:
-Make DNA copies of the DNA strand:
DNA: ATTAAGGCCGATAGGAT
DNA:
DNA: GGCCATTTACGATCATGG
DNA:
