Introduction :-

Previously only CFC refrigerants were used in the refrigeration system until 2002 which causes global warming and they are
harmful to the ozone layer. After that, HFC based refrigerants were used but further, it was replaced by R134a refrigerant which
is a mixture of hydrocarbon refrigerant like R600a and R290 etc. Now due to the advancement of technologies, it is possible to
increase the efficiency of refrigerators and safe to the environment by using nanofluids. Nanoparticles are nearly-spherical
particles with the size of its diameter in nm.Nanoparticles are between 1 and 100 nanometers(1× 10−9 ¿ 1 ×10−7 m) size[1].The
properties of nanoparticles usually highly dependent on their size. Nanofluids are the new class of fluids engineered by dispersing
nanometer-sized particles (nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanosheets or droplets)[2]. They are colloidal suspensions of
ultra-fine metallic or non-metallic particles (organic/inorganic) in given fluid [3]. Nanofluids are the two-phase system with the
solid phase in the liquid phase. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon
nanotubes. They exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer coefficient compared to the base fluid.
Common base fluids include water, ethylene glycol, oil and conventional fluid mixtures. The metallic nanofluids are prepared by
using metals like copper, aluminium, nickel, gold, silver etc. and the non-metallic particles like metal oxides ceramics such as
titanium, zinc, aluminium and iron oxides and various allotropes of carbon such as graphite, CNT [3].It is proved that chemical,
physical and mechanical behaviours of material considerably change at the nanoscale, which encourages the use of such
enhanced behaviour of nanomaterials for new generation technology [4]. The nanofluid enhances properties like thermal
conductivity, viscosity, heat transfer coefficients and friction factor. Heat transfer depends on the thermal conductivity of
nanofluids, and compressor energy efficiency depends upon viscosity and friction factor [5]. A nanoparticle increases the thermo-
physical capability and heat transfer capability in many applications. Nanofluids have extraordinary properties that make them
potentially useful in many applications in heat transfer, including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical processes and
hybrid-powered engines, engine cooling/vehicle thermal management, domestic refrigerator, chiller, heat exchanger, in grinding,
machining, solar applications and in boiler flue gas temperature reduction.
In general refrigerant’s performance normally suffers from I ts poor heat transfer properties. The earlier studies on the use of
microscale solid particles in the fluid as refrigerant showed major problems [4].

In recent years the, subtractive manufacturing is useful for producing large volumes of simple parts but
in case of complex geometry & customized parts is having restriction. Now due to the advancement of
technologies, it is possible to overcome the type of restriction by enabling the introduction of Rapid
Manufacturing .The RM has mostly developed in different countries for resolving the task of designer &
give to opportunities in end of manufacturing. The usage of CAD based automated Additive
manufacturing process to generate finished end user product with good surface finish, accuracy &
repeatability [7]. In RM, Layer manufacturing has distinct advantage which enables to geometrical
freedom , future potential & material flexibility [6]. The additive manufacturing is provide social
influence like environmental concern (material usage & Energy consumption) in addition with most
important crucial sense is on demand manufacturing[5].The roadmap of modern additive manufacturing
is focused on a present & upcoming progress through research in era of adaptive control ,less time &
green material with less energy consumption [8].In Multi-nozzle extrusion system claimed that on
increasing quality with printing time, usage of energy consumption & different color filament.[26]

This approach has another advantage over dual nozzle machines:

you need only keep one nozzle hot, taking less energy. Alternatively,
some machines wait for each nozzle to heat up on filament changes,
which takes much longer to complete a print. The new Prusa
concept has none of these disadvantages
.
The roots of modern additive manufacturing (AM) trace back about 40 years, although preceding topographic and
photosculpture methods share much in common with AM and are over 100 years old. Appreciation of the prehistory
of AM provides a rich backdrop for current and future developments. One such articulation of the future was a
research roadmap exercise organized by the authors [24]. In addition to technical targets, educational needs and a
national testbed center were highlighted.
evelop and identify of sustainable (green) materials including recyclable, reusable, and biodegradable materials.

The roots of modern additive manufacturing (AM) trace back about 40 years, although preceding topographic and
photosculpture methods share much in common with AM and are over 100 years old. Appreciation of the prehistory
of AM provides a rich backdrop for current and future developments. One such articulation of the future was a
research roadmap exercise organized by the authors [24]. In addition to technical targets, educational needs and a
national testbed center were highlighted

The primary benefit of additive manufacturing is the ability to produce very complex parts quickly
without specially made fixtures and with minimal secondary processing. This makes additive
manufacturing an excellent choice to produce prototype parts for demonstration or test purposes.  

aspect. The authors believe that three major application

areas may be recognised (Figure 48). A small number of
major industrial players will probably dominate the LM
market, even though numerous additional small ventures
will try to penetrate the market of LM equipment and
hardware or software accessories.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology came about as a result of

developments in a variety of different technology sectors. Like with many
manufacturing technologies, improvements in computing power and reduction in
mass storage costs paved the way for processing the large amounts of data tynd
usepical of modern 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models within reasonable
time frames. Nowadays, we have become quite accustomed to having powerful
computers n other complex automated machines around us and sometimes it may
be difficult for us to imagine how the pioneers struggled to develop the first AM
machines

technique

o overcome such ty manufacture for Additive Manufacturing (Rapid

As a designer, you should consider the
Manufacturing)
differences between additive or subtractive
manufacturing when selecting a process to produce
your design.
these enabling techniques

simplifies the process of design and allows the designer to focus more on
the intended application

In recent years additive manufacturing sy there are were used in

manufacturing system more possibilities but in conventional manufacturing is
shahaving restrictystem ion

The is to overcome over conventional manufacturing method i.e.

subtractive manufacturing. The usage of CAD based automated Additive
manufacturing process to generate finished end user product with good surface
finish, accuracy & repeatability.
 With improvements in AM technology the speed, quality, accuracy, and
material properties have all developed to the extent that parts can be made for
final use and not just for prototyping

The fused-deposition-modelling process extrudes molten thermoplastic

from nozzles to produce the model. There are usually two nozzles, one to supply
the model material and one to supply the support material where it is needed. The
method of manufacture starts with two layers of product being extruded onto a
baseplate followed by two layers of support material if required. The table drops
gradually to allow the model to grow. Layer thicknesses are of the order of 0.127
mm. The process is clean and can be run in an office environment. Hollow
structures can be built quickly but solid parts are slow. Accuracy and strength are
not high, but parts can cost as little as £5.00 depending on the materials used
which can include ABS and investment-casting wax. Models from the process
can be used for functional testing, aesthetic design analysis and investment-
casting patterns (Wah, 1999).

This paper is presented on FDM technique with dual nozzle assembly.

The FDM is to be produce by creating in 3 D software. Then 3 D model saved &
simplify by 3D slicing software it convert machine code which useful for
movement of nozzle assembly in X-Y co

ordinates system. The thermo-plastic material like acrylonitrile

butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) filament is melted at 180 0C in
head assembly & accordingly the movement of head & bed is done in form of X-
Y & Z co-ordinate system respectively . The 3-D printed model has
dependant on machine setting & speed of motor. The manual setting is provided
by using teaching pendant. After melting filament material produced so that heat
dissipation made provision via fins or fans. so necessary temperature controlled
in nozzle head assembly by using thermocouples.

For Better performance different parameter is available like less time

consumption, temperature dissipation & mechanism of nozzle head assembly &
movement of guide ways. So we worked so it helps to modifying the mechanism
of 3 D printer with layer by layer dual color.

Rapid-prototyping technology is based on computer printing technology where a computer printer takes
digital data and produces 2D hardcopy. If 3D data is available it would not seem unreasonable that a 3D image could
be cut into slices and ‘output’ a slice at a time to produce 3D print out. This is the principle of rapid prototyping, the
building up of solid 3D objects from slices of digital data. The development of rapid prototyping technologies relied
upon techniques to produce layers from which 3D objects can be built. The availability of suitable materials
determined the emergence and development of the early systems.

The fused-deposition-modelling process extrudes molten thermoplastic from nozzles to produce the model.
There are usually two nozzles, one to supply the model material and one to supply the support material where it is
needed. The method of manufacture starts with two layers of product being extruded onto a baseplate followed by
two layers of support material if required. The table drops gradually to allow the model to grow. Layer thicknesses
are of the order of 0.127 mm. The process is clean and can be run in an office environment. Hollow structures can be
built quickly but solid parts are slow. Accuracy and strength are not high, but parts can cost as little as £5.00
depending on the materials used which can include ABS and investment-casting wax. Models from the process can
be used for functional testing, aesthetic design analysis and investment-casting patterns