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Integral Calculus Rules & Examples

The document summarizes common integration formulas and rules for evaluating indefinite integrals (antiderivatives). It provides the formulas for integrals of basic functions like constants, variables, squares, reciprocals, exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions. It also outlines integration rules for multiplication by a constant, power rule, sum rule, difference rule, integration by parts, substitution rule. Examples are given to demonstrate how to apply these rules to evaluate specific integrals.

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49 views3 pages

Integral Calculus Rules & Examples

The document summarizes common integration formulas and rules for evaluating indefinite integrals (antiderivatives). It provides the formulas for integrals of basic functions like constants, variables, squares, reciprocals, exponentials, logarithms, trigonometric functions. It also outlines integration rules for multiplication by a constant, power rule, sum rule, difference rule, integration by parts, substitution rule. Examples are given to demonstrate how to apply these rules to evaluate specific integrals.

Uploaded by

proflic math
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Common Functions Function Integral

Constant ∫a dx ax + C

Variable ∫x dx x2/2 + C

Square ∫x2 dx x3/3 + C

Reciprocal ∫(1/x) dx ln|x| + C

Exponential ∫ex dx ex + C

  ∫ax dx ax/ln(a) + C

  ∫ln(x) dx x ln(x) − x + C
Trigonometry (x
in radians) ∫cos(x) dx sin(x) + C

  ∫sin(x) dx -cos(x) + C

  ∫sec2(x) dx tan(x) + C
     
Rules Function Integral
Multiplication by constant ∫cf(x) dx c∫f(x) dx
Power Rule (n≠-1) ∫xn dx xn+1n+1 + C

Sum Rule ∫(f + g) dx ∫f dx + ∫g dx


Difference Rule ∫(f - g) dx ∫f dx - ∫g dx
Integration by Parts See Integration by Parts
Substitution Rule See Integration by Substitution

Power Rule

Example: What is ∫x3 dx ?

The question is asking "what is the integral of x3 ?"

We can use the Power Rule, where n=3:

∫x  dx = x
n n+1
n+1 + C

∫x 3 
dx = x44 + C
Example: What is ∫√x dx ?

√x is also x0.5

We can use the Power Rule, where n=½:

∫x  dx = x
n
n+1 + C
n+1

∫x 0.5
 dx = x1.51.5 + C

Multiplication by constant

Example: What is ∫6x2 dx ?

We can move the 6 outside the integral:

∫6x  dx = 6∫x  dx


2 2

And now use the Power Rule on x2:

= 6 x33 + C

Simplify:

= 2x3 + C

Sum Rule

Example: What is ∫cos x + x dx ?

Use the Sum Rule:

∫cos x + x dx = ∫cos x dx + ∫x dx


Work out the integral of each (using table above):

= sin x + x2/2 + C

Difference Rule

Example: What is ∫ew − 3 dw ?

Use the Difference Rule:


∫e  − 3 dw =∫ew dw − ∫3 dw
w

Then work out the integral of each (using table above):

= ew − 3w + C

Sum, Difference, Constant Multiplication And Power Rules

Example: What is ∫8z + 4z3 − 6z2 dz ?

Use the Sum and Difference Rule:

∫8z + 4z  − 6z  dz =∫8z dz + ∫4z  dz − ∫6z  dz


3 2 3 2

Constant Multiplication:

= 8∫z dz + 4∫z3 dz − 6∫z2 dz

Power Rule:

= 8z2/2 + 4z4/4 − 6z3/3 + C

Simplify:

= 4z2 + z4 − 2z3 + C

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