V A R C O P R U D E N B U I L D I N G S

Basic Erection Guide

The Field Guide for correctly storing and erecting Varco Pruden Metal
Building Systems
 INDEX
SECTION TOPIC

A SAFETY & REGULATORY

B BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE
Shortages and Damages
Materials Unloading and Handling
Jobsite Storage
C GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Tools and Equipment
Do's and Don'ts
D SCREW INSTALLATION
E FIELD BOLTING
Bolt Tightening
Gaps in Joints
Shimming
Snug-Tight Joints
Pretension Joints and Calibration
Tightening Methods
Turn-of-Nut Method
Calibrated Wrench Method
Tension Control Bolt Method
Direct Tension Indicator Washer Method
Inspection
F FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHOR RODS
G PRIMARY FRAMING
Erection Procedure
Lifting
Temporary Bracing
Squaring, Plumbing, and Tolerances
Column Base Shimming
H SECONDARY FRAMING
Erection Procedure and Tolerances
Cold-Form Members
Truss Purlins
I ROD BRACING ASSEMBLY
J CRANE SUPPORT
Runway Alignment
Shimming
K FIELD WELDING
Weld Procedure
Welding Thru Coating
Inspection

INDEX 06/07/16
 INTRODUCTION
All materials, components and accessories sold to Builders are provided
subject to written agreements. Any applicable warranties are as set forth in
those written agreements. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THOSE WRITTEN
AGREEMENTS, BLUESCOPE BUILDINGS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
COMPANIES MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT ABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

The Erection Guide is intended to provide erectors with the recommended

procedures for constructing buildings as efficiently as possible. However,
BlueScope Buildings North America, Inc. does not guarantee and is not
liable for the quality of erection nor assume any responsibility for building
defects that may be attributed to improper erection techniques, or the
negligence of other parties.

The erection information presented in this manual is provided

as a supplement to the erection drawings supplied with your Building.

The manual is intended as a guide to be used in conjunction with your

erection drawings, to help plan and organize your work. It will help you to
identify parts, establish an erection sequence, speed up assembly and point
out any areas or procedures requiring special emphasis or attention.

Where erection drawings and this guide are in conflict, the job specific
erection drawings govern. Read all erection instructions before erecting the
building.

Supplemental Erection Guides are required for Roof And Wall Panels
and other building accessories. Always refer to erection drawings for
building specific details.

Refer to the Metal Buildings Manufacturers Association's Metal Building

Systems Manual for more details on common industry practices and
Glossary of Terms. In Canada, See Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute
for guidelines.

BlueScope Buildings North America, Inc. reserves the right to change

at any time products and/or procedures illustrated in this guide due to
continuing product development.

INSTALLATION MANUAL 06/07/16

 SECTION A
SAFETY FIRST
Job site safety is the sole responsibility of the contractors . Contractors
are responsible for FULL compliance with all governing regulatory
agency's safety requirements for your specific construction site including
but not limited to Federal, State, Provincial, and local agencies having
jurisdiction over your job site. Governmental regulations on construction
safety are available from any government book store. The Contractor is
also solely responsible for compliance with all owner specified safety
requirements at the job site.

Identification of safety regulatory agency requirements for construction

related procedures is beyond the intent of this installation guide. Any
action required from BlueScope Buildings North America companies
regarding safety issues shall be specifically identified in the contract
documents.

Roof Panels / Roof Safety

WARNING:You may fall from roof and
be killed or seriously injured.
Working off the ground even a few feet can be extremely dangerous.
Falls from height of six feet or less can be fatal. You should be aware of
the hazards while installing roof panels.
I. PANELS CAN COLLAPSE
Roof panels can be a safe walking surface (except for
slipperiness) ONLY when they are completely seamed or
fastened as applicable. Panels not completely seamed or
fastened are not safe and can collapse suddenly and
without warning.

SAFETY FIRST 06/07/16

A-1
 SECTION A
SAFETY FIRST
When installing roof panels, always use fall protection.
Follow these additional safety precautions:
1. Never step, kneel or place weight on an edge or edge corrugations of any panel.

2. Use extra care when installing panels with creased or kinked corrugation or
edges. Placing weight on any portion of such a panel before it is completely
installed may cause the panel to collapse.

3. Never stand or work within five (5) feet from the end of a panel that is not
completely seamed or fastened.

4. Before a panel is completely installed, always stand, kneel or work directly over
the roof structural.

5. Never allow more than one worker to stand, kneel or work on the same panel
between two roof structurals before the panel is completely installed.

6. When walking on roof system liner panel that has been completely fastened to
the roof structural, do not step on the sidelap. Step only on the liner panel area
that is directly over the roof structural.

Never use unattached roof panels as a work platform for any purpose.
This is an extremely hazardous practice and should never be done.

II. PANELS ARE SLIPPERY

All roof panels, whether painted or unpainted, are slippery to
walk on. Dew, frost, or any other moisture on roof panels
greatly increases the slipperiness of the panels and extra care
should be taken. The pitch of the roof can also increase the
hazard.

Because of these hazardous conditions, it is essential that fall protection be used

at all times.

SAFETY FIRST 06/07/16

A-2
 SECTION A
SAFETY FIRST
III. LOOSE PANELS MAY SLIDE OUT FROM UNDER YOU
Never step on a single roof panel or a stack of several roof
panels lying unattached on the roof structurals. If you step onto
a single panel on the roof structurals, it may slip causing you to
lose your balance and fall. Even a stack of several panels on
the roof structurals may slip if you step on it.

WHAT TO DO TO PREVENT ROOF FALLS

1. Always Use Fall Protection - including but not limited to, lifelines, safety
harnesses, lanyards, safety nets, scaffolding, man-lifts, catch platforms, and the
Sky-Web systems.

2. If You Need a Work Platform - for laying insulation or any other purpose,
use only platforms constructed in accordance with all safety regulations. Never
use unattached or partially attached panels as a work platform.

3. To Avoid Slipping - wear good work boots while on the roof. The danger
from a slip is greatest while installing roof panels or insulation at the edge of
the roof. Use walkboards in the flat of panels when installing panels. When
working near the edge of the roof, always use fall protection.

4. To Prevent Panels from Slipping - Do not step on loose roof panels or even
a stack of several roof panels.

5. Walkboards - One method to add stability to panels during erection is to place

walkboards in the flat of panels. The boards should run the full length of the
roof slope and should be fastened together by drilling a hole near the ends of
each board and tying it to the next board with rope. Cut a groove in the bottom
of each board so that the board will lie flat and not tip back and forth because
of the rope. This will prevent the boards from slipping out from under you when
you step on them. Adequately secure walkboards to the building. Walkboards
are not a substitute for appropriate fall protection.

SAFETY FIRST 06/07/16

A-3
 SECTION B
BUILDING DELIVERY
Before the building arrives, make sure space is available to store and
inventory the components.
Check off all primary framing members with manifest and erection drawings.
Check for quantity of boxes and or crates called for on the manifest.
Check for purlin or girt bundles as called for on the manifest.
Check for visible damage.
Ensure that all wet components have been dried before storing.
Store all components so that there is no collecting of water in bundles
or frames.
Do not cover tightly. Leave room for air circulation around bundles.
Store warehouse items in a dry, secure location (i.e. doors, windows, fasteners
and mastic).

As the building is shaken out, check all individual boxes, bundles and crates
for any damages or shortages. This will help eliminate lost time waiting for
replacement materials.

Shortages & Damages

A complete inspection should be made at time of delivery.
The receiver should "conditionally" sign delivery receipt if there is any evidence of
damage. Notation must be made on the delivery receipt accordingly. A detailed note
of the damage, a date and a signature must be made on the delivery receipt. Do not
offer opinion as to how you think the product was damaged. Opinions could affect
your claim.
Any items in creates or boxes that are concealed must be inspected. Failure to
inspect and make note of any damage immediately on the delivery receipt could
rezort in the receiver being responsible for any damage found later.
The carrier should be immediately notified that shipment is damaged and request to
send a representative to inspect and verify damage. If you would like assistance
please contact your Project Manager immediately. Also, a copy of the inspection
report should be requested.
Take at least six pictures of damaged material, one from each side of the trailer and
of the front and rear. Take picture of carrier trailer number. Take picture of damaged
part numbers and make note of part numbers on delivery receipt.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-1
 SECTION B
Shortages & Damages Cont'd
A claim should be filed with the carrier as soon as possible, sending with it the
original Bill of Lading, original paid freight bill, copy of the inspection report,
disposition of damaged material and amount of claim. BlueScope can assist you with
filing the claim with the carrier.
Do not dispose of damaged material. Damaged material must be saved for the
carrier to salvage. Failure to do so may affect your claim.
Concealed damage should be reported within (15) days of delivery.
Shortages of primary and secondary framing must be reported within (5) working
days.
Shortages of any other materials must be reported within (10) working days.

NOTE: It is the responsibility of the Builder/Erector to check for damaged material

and shortages. Damages MUST be noted on delivery receipts and your Project
Manager notified as soon as possible.

MATERIALS UNLOADING AND HANDLING

ARRIVAL AT THE BUILDING SITE

In winter conditions, immediate power washing of steel that has been exposed
to road salt or chemicals during transit should be done.

UNLOADING AND MATERIAL LAYOUT EXAMPLE

NOTE:
Leave an access area through one end and the full length of
the building for erection equipment. When unloading use
appropriate equipment to avoid damage.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-2
 SECTION B

FORKLIFTS
Extreme care should be taken to avoid damage from fork blades. The
erector is responsible to have proper equipment available at the jobsite.
When lifting products, make sure forks are spaced wide enough to provide
stable handling of parts, bundles and crates.

When handling long creates or bundles (>20 ft) spreader beam should be
bolted to forks so that slings can be used to widen pick points.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-3
 SECTION B

SLINGS (CRANES OR FORKLIFTS)

Lifting of the "INDIVIDUAL BUNDLES" should be by spreader bars and
nylon slings (or similar material) located at a minimum of two points along
the length of the bundle. Suitably stiff inserts should be located at the top
and bottom of the bundles at the sling positions to protect the edges of the
panels and crates.

Balance load so material will not slide.

Extreme care should be taken to avoid bumping and snagging of the bundles
when lifting.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-4
 SECTION B

TRUSS/BUNDLE UNLOADING AND HANDLING

When unloading and handling long span secondary trusses or bar joists,
always lift purlins/joists and bundles in vertical position.

PROPER LIFTING DO lift truss/joist with

forks between panel points
with forks spread wide as
possible.

DO NOT lift truss/joist with

forks at panel points.

IMPROPER LIFTING

DO NOT lift truss purlins

in horizontal position
(weak axis).

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-5
 SECTION B

HAND UNLOADING AND CARRYING

When carrying panels by hand, always lift from bundle, never drag.

Gloves should always be worn when handling panels.

MATERIAL HANDLING OF PANELS

A. Carry panels on edge in a vertical position for stiffness

B. Picking up panels at ends and rotating in propeller shape

will cause damage.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-6
 SECTION B

JOB SITE STORAGE & PROTECTION

PANELS AND TRIMS FOR IMMEDIATE USE
If the panels are to be used immediately, the bundle should be placed at
pre-planned strategic locations around the perimeter of the building as close
as possible to the planned work areas. Consult the panel layout drawings to
determine these locations. As far as practical, the bundles should be placed
as close to installation area as possible to avoid later site maneuvering or
undue handling.

Protect opened bundles with polyethylene cover (or similar material) when
erection stops at end of the day. If panels are crated, replace the lid of the
crate before covering.

Bundles for panels which are shipped on edge should be kept in upright
position during storage and unloading. Block up edge of bundle with 2" x 4"
blocking to keep panels from slipping. DO NOT stack material on opened
bundles.

NOTE:
Moisture trapped within panel bundles can
cause the finish to soften and become more
susceptible to erection handling damage.
Panels stored wet, or for extended periods in
humid conditions will oxidize (rust).

Panels and trims MUST be kept dry. If panels arrive wet or become wet at
the jobsite, break open bundles and allow to dry completely.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-7
 SECTION B

PANELS AND TRIMS NOT FOR IMMEDIATE USE

If panels/trims are not required for immediate use, they should be carefully
stored in a designated area, under cover.

Store bundles to allow for drainage. Wood blocking to elevate one end of
bundle is recommended.

Bundles should be stacked no more than two high with any bearers of the
upper bundles in line with the bearers of the lower bundle. Where bearers
do not align, place 2" x 6" wood planks longitudinally between the two
bundles to help distribute the load.

Provide for ventilation of bundles if conditions are such that condensation

may occur. Protective shrink wrap material on bundles should either be slit
or loosened.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-8
 SECTION B

TRIMS, AND SMALL PARTS IN CARDBOARD CARTONS

Due care should be afforded to the unloading and storage of trims and small
items (fasteners, sealants, etc.) that arrive on site for inclusion in the work.

Trim items are normally shipped in cartons which must not be allowed to get
wet. Use 2" x 4" blocking spaced no more than 3'-0" o.c. under cartons.
Keep cartons square to prevent bending trim items.

Cover exposed cartons with polyethylene or equal. Leave ends open to

provide air circulation.

Do not open cartons until ready for use. Protect loose material from damage.

Cardboard cartons and contents must be kept dry. If cartons arrive wet or
become wet at the jobsite, break open cartons and allow contents to dry
completely.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-9
 SECTION B

STRUCTURAL STEEL
1. Steel shop coat is intended to provide short term protection for steel members
during transportation and temporary job site exposure during erection. Shop
coat formulation is not designed to protect against environmental exposure for
extended periods.
2. Shop coat finish inconsistencies shall not be grounds for rejection as shop coats
are not intended to be finish coats.
3. Members shall be kept free of contact with the ground. Members shall be blocked
and sloped to provide water drainage or covered to prevent water from ponding
on steel members.
4. It is the contractors responsibility to insure that when the finish coats are applied
over the shop coat, that the painting contractor verifies compatibility between
shop coat and finish coat.
5. Galvanized members shall be stored as described above. If nested secondary
members get wet during transit or at the jobsite, unstack, block and slope
members to allow trapped moisture to drain and dry. Discoloration from
white rust does not affect service life and shall not be grounds for rejection.

CONNECTORS AND SEALANTS

1. All connectors (bolts, nuts, washers, screws, rivets, etc.) and sealants (mastic,
caulking, etc.) must be stored in closed containers in a protected shelter.
2. At the end of work, return all unused connectors and sealants to closed
containers and store in protected shelter.

3. Do Not install bolts that have become dirty or rusty.

4. Do Not use sealants or mastic that has become dirty.

BUILDING DELIVERY AND STORAGE 06/07/16

B-10
 SECTION C
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
RECOMMENDED ERECTION TOOLS & EQUIPMENT
The following list of tools and equipment should be considered for efficient building
erection. This equipment may vary from area to area due to variations in building
proportions, complexities, jobsite conditions and erection personnel. This list is
intended to serve as a recommendation only and should not be interpreted as a
limitation to your erection equipment. The builder is responsible for providing
equipment commensurate with the type of building being erected. Safety Equipment
must meet regulatory requirements.
Electric screw guns with magnetic heads (Recommend 2000 RPM with depth sensing nose
piece or adjustable clutch).

Electric sheet metal nibbler and shears for cutting sheeting on job site. Keep replacement
cutting bits in stock.

Arc welding equipment with extra welding leads for welding (portable).

Bolt Tension Calibrator; (such as Skidmore-Wilhelm)

Extension ladders (at least two that are long enough for high buildings).

One (1) set of torches with gauges and hoses for cutting (keep replacement tips in stock).

Steel tapes for checking measurements (100', 50', and several 12'). Stretch tape for
measuring along rakes.

At least one (1) 4' level.

Sheet metal cutters (straight, left, and right cut).

Sufficient amount of suitable cable for temporary bracing.

One (1) power impact wrench with assortment of impact sockets.

Appropriate number of chokers and rope for use when the crane arrives for raising
structural steel.

At least one (1) ratchet and wrench set (heavy duty) with appropriate extensions and
attachments.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 06/07/16

C-1
 SECTION C
Plenty of electrical extension cords for all tools used at one time.

Shop and sledge hammers.

Spud wrenches.

Wrecking bars and heavy duty drift pins.

Skill saw with metal cutting blades and carbide tip blade.

Hack saws.

Framing square and tri-squares.

Transit and level rod.

Vise grips (assortment of types).

Crescent wrenches (heavy duty).

Box end and open end wrenches (assortment).

Razor knives.

Straight line string.

Chalk boxes with replacement line and chalk.

Caulking guns for sausage pack and cartridge sealants.

Ample supply of pop rivet tools, both manual and electric powered.

Staple pliers for stapling insulation and ample supply of replacement staples.

3
8" and 1 2" drive electric drill and appropriate twist drills.

Acetone cleaners and rags.

Brooms.

Approved safety devices.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 06/07/16

C-2
 SECTION C
DO'S & DON'TS

Job Information
" For construction" drawings must be the only drawings at the jobsite.

Erection guides are sent to every Builder's office and with each building. Be
sure at least one copy is on each jobsite.
Jobsite Inventory
Always inventory building components as they arrive but not more than 2
weeks after delivery. This will avoid lost time waiting for replacement.

Immediately report shortages and damaged materials to your project

manager.

Inventory and store all warehouse items in a dry and secure location. Only
take out bolts, fasteners, mastic, etc. that will be used each day.

Temporary Bracing
It is the responsibility of the erector to design and provide for all temporary
bracing. This includes size, type, location, and quantity.

Never begin erecting a building without having temporary bracing on site

along with a plan for installing and securing it.

As erection progresses, all brace rods, flange braces, struts, purlin/girt laps
should be installed prior to panel installation.

All building components will require temporary bracing during erection.

Do not remove temporary bracing until after wall and roof coverings are
installed.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 06/07/16

C-3
 SECTION C
Flange Braces
All flange braces must be installed per the erection drawings.

Never remove, relocate or omit a flange brace. If holes were omitted in

manufacturing, it is the responsibility of the erector to insure that all flange
braces called for on the erection drawings have been installed.

If a flange brace is called for at a location which will interfere with a window,
overhead door, or other required accessory, contact project manager for
written directions.

Flange braces are required even when you have liner panels. See erection
drawings.

See erection drawings for bolting requirements of flange braces to frames and
secondary member.

Never substitute self-drilling fasteners for bolts unless approved by

engineering.
Brace Rods
Always tighten rods as snug as possible. Reduce rod sag as much as possible
without creating distress in the connection to framing members. Matching rods
should always be equally tensioned in each bay.

Never remove or omit a brace rod.

Never relocate any brace rods. If relocation is necessary due to interference

with doors, openings etc., contact project manager for written direction and
authorization.
Erection Tolerances
Erection tolerances shall be as given in the AISC code of Standard Practice
Section 7, unless specified otherwise in this manual, or on erection drawings.

Shimming and plumbing are the responsibily of the erector and shall be done
in accordance with this manual.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 06/07/16

C-4
 SECTION C
Connection Bolts
Use correct bolt length and type called for on the erection drawings or erection
drawing details.

Install correct quantity of bolts called for on frame cross sections or specific
details.

Insure that all high strength bolts are properly tightened. See drawings for
direction if bolts require "pre-tension" or snug tight". See Section E - Field
Bolting for more details.

Never use a A307 bolt and nut where A325 bolts are called for.

Purlin or Girt Installation

All purlin/girt lap bolts are to be installed in the outermost set of holes.

Pull all lap conditions up tight, sometimes reversing the lap will allow the
purlins to nest better. A little time spent on making a tightly nested lap will
pay off when installing wall and roof panels.

Always block up wall girts to insure straightness.

Never load purlins at mid bay. Keep all loading directly over the frames. DO
NOT overload roof secondary members.

When loading roofing bundles on to the roof purlins, always block the purlins
to prevent crushing and rolling.

Cutting & Burning

Never use a torch to "field drill" structural connection holes. Holes must be
drilled or "burned & reamed". If a torch is used in any component to make a
hole, burn a small "pilot hole", then ream to achieve smooth hole of proper
size.

If field cutting of members is done with a torch, grind edges smooth and touch
up with primer or zinc rich paint.

Never modify, cut, cope, or add holes in members unless authorized by an

engineer or as specified on erection drawings.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 06/07/16

C-5
 SECTION D
SCREW INSTALLATION

Proper installation of screws is critical to the strength and performance of the

structure. The erector is responsible for furnishing proper screw guns, correct
sized drivers, and applying proper technique when installing screws. Failure to
do so will result in improper seating of the screws which will cause leaks, or
heads breaking of screws, or excessive burnout of drill tips.

SELF-DRILLING SCREWS (SDS) and SELF-TAPPING SCREWS (STS)

Installation tool for SDS's and STS's must be an electric screw gun with features as
follows to obtain optimum fastener installation.

Minimum 6-amp power

Variable speed (0 - 2000 RPM no load). DO NOT use high speed screw guns
> 2500 RPM.

Depth sensing nose piece or adjustable clutch for torque control.

Use proper size magnetic drive bits for the type screw used. Discard and
replace worn out drive bits as they will damage the screw head.

Keep steel filings from collecting in magnetic drive socket cavity or screw
heads will not properly seat.

Correct Incorrect

Figure D-1

DO NOT use impact drivers when installing SDS's or STS's. Screws will be
overdriven and will break off during or after installation.

SCREW INSTALLATION 06/07/16

D-1
 SECTION D

Screws with sealing washers must be carefully installed so the flexible sealing
washer is properly seated for weathertightness. ALL drill filings must be
removed from steel surfaces or rusting will occur.

DO NOT OVERDRIVE!

Underdriven Correctly Overdriven

Driven

Underdriven Correctly Overdriven

Driven

Figure D-2
Screws without sealing washers should be "seated snug" such that the head is
flush with the steel surface. DO NOT overdrive. Excessive tension and torque
on the screw will result in the heads breaking off during or after installation
(hours or days later).

Screw length must be sufficient to penetrate all connected material.

At least 3 threads must extend beyond

substrate.
Figure D-3

SCREW INSTALLATION 06/07/16

D-2
 SECTION D

AVOID tip burn out. Drilling speeds must be set to proper speed for the
type of drill tip used. Apply steady uniform pressure during drilling.

Table D-1
Material Thickness Range
Drill Point Type Maximum RPM (Total t)
DP-1 2000 0.018" - 0.095"
DP-2 & 3 1800 0.036" - 0.175"
DP-4 1800 0.125" - 0.250"
DP-4.5 1800 0.125" - 0.375"
DP-5 1800 0.125" - 0.500"
Self-Tapping Screws 1000 NA

Improperly installed screws must be removed and replaced.

SCRUBOLTS
Installation tool for scrubolts must be a 1/2" electric impact wrench. A 5" long
drive extension and magnetic sockets as required for specific size screws used.
Scrubolts require a pilot hole since they are not self-drilling.

Scrubolts with flexible sealing washers should be tightened as shown In Fig. D-2.
DO NOT overdrive.

Scrubolts without washers should be "seated snug" such that the head is flush
with the steel surface. DO NOT overdrive.

SCREW INSTALLATION 06/07/16

D-3
 SECTION E
FIELD BOLTING
Field bolted joints must be installed in strict compliance with BBNA erection drawings,
the Research Council on Structural Connections Specification for Structural Joints Using
High-Strength Bolts, and the instructions in this guide. Bolted joints are designated as
"snug-tight" or "pre-tension". General tightening requirements are as follows unless
specified otherwise on the erection drawings.

All connections to purlins, girts, truss purlins, bar joists, flange braces, bracing struts,
and primary framing may be installed to the snug-tight condition except as follows.
High strength bolts must be pre-tensioned when:

Any connection using A490 bolts.

Connections in frames supporting cranes >5 tons capacity.

In framing supporting machinery that creates vibration, impact, or stress reversals

on connections.

In frames and bracing of buildings located in high seismic areas. See erection
drawings for seismic category.

In any connection designated as slip critical (A325-SC). In addition, connections

must be bare steel with primer, oils, dirt, and heavy rust removed from the contact
areas. Galvanized or lightly rusted surfaces are permitted. Erector is responsible to
ensure contact areas are clean and free of primer.

Joints designated with threads excluded from shear plane (A325-X and A490-X) shall be
installed with bolt head against the thinnest plate.

Thinnest Plate
Nut

Bolt Head

Threads outside of the

Figure E-1 shear plane.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-1
 SECTION E
SYSTEMATIC TIGHTENING
All bolts in a connection must be loosely installed before tightening. Bolts should be
sung tightened starting at the most "rigid" part of the joint working toward the free end
or less rigid end until plies are in contact (Figure E-2). If pre-tensioning is required,
further tighten bolts in the same order.

Tighten Direction

Tighten Direction Figure E-2

Bolts that have been snug-tightened may be removed and reused. Bolts that have
been pre-tensioned are NOT permitted to be reused unless approved by engineering.

After installation and tightening, the bolt end must be at least flush with the face of
the nut. If the bolt end is below the face of the nut, remove the bolt and install a
longer one. There is no "maximum" stickout limit

Nut

Bolt Head

End of bolt at least

flush with face of nut

Figure E-3

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-2
GAPS IN JOINTS
SECTION E
Connected parts shall be installed as permitted in this section. In primary frame endplate
connections distortion due to welding may cause minor gaps that cannot be brought
together even after the bolt is fully tightened. Small gaps are permitted as illustrated
below. If gaps larger than indicated below are found, shimming is required.

Gap
Any Size Acceptable
gap-OK
(any size)
Acceptable Condition

Figure E-4
Acceptable Gaps

Flange
Bearing connections and endplate connections.
Small gaps are permitted at bolt locations and at gap < 1/16"
flange locations as shown in Fig. E-5.
Gaps at bolt location are acceptable and need gap < 1/8"
not be shimmed if : gap < 1/8".

Gaps at flange location are acceptable and need

not be shimmed if: gap < 1/16". Figure E-5

Slip-critical connections.
Gaps are not permitted at bolt locations. Uncoated surfaces are required to be in firm
contact as shown in Fig. E-6. Galvanized surfaces are permitted.

1" contact around hole

1" min
db
gap-OK 1" min
(any size) Circular Contact
area around bolt
Acceptable Condition
Figure E-6

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-3
SHIMS
SECTION E
On occasion shims may be required to fill joint gaps, level beams,
accommodate varying depth of members, level frame bases, adjust for
differential frame deflection, etc. Some shimming must be anticipated by the
erector and is considered by the Code of Standard Practice to be part of the
erection contract. Shims are provided by the erector.

Shimming between gaps at flanges is accomplished with thin flat plates

stacked between the joints.

L = Flange Width

1 1/2"

Flat Shim

Tack weld to hold

in place (if necessary)
Figure E-7

CenterLine Of Web

Dim A
Finger shim as
required 1" Bolt Dia
between bolts Min. + 1/16"

Dim A

Figure E-8

Dim A = 1". Shim dimensions may vary from those shown if

required for fit up
Multiple shims may be stacked to fill required gap.
Gaps greater than a 1/4" require engineering review. Contact your
Project Manager.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-4
SHIMS
SECTION E

Shim as required
between bolts
Connection
Plates

L = Flange Width

1 1/2" 0.060" Thick

Flat Shim

WRB Brace Elements

Figure E-9

Shim detail for WRB Brace End Connection.

Align shims with plates and gussets as shown.

Insert shims as far as possible until tight.
Tighten Bolts
Shims may be stacked as required.
Tack Weld to edge of connection plate to hold in place.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-5
SNUG-TIGHT INSTALLATION
SECTION E
Snug-tight is defined as:
"The tightness that is attained with a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full
effort of an ironworker using an ordinary spud wrench to bring the plies into firm
contact."

PRETENSION JOINTS

Joints that require pretension must use one of the following tightening methods and
all methods must be calibrated for each representative fastener assembly prior to
installation.

Turn-Of-Nut Method

Calibrated Impact Wrench Method

Twist Off Type Tension -Control Bolt Method (See manufacturer's instructions)

Direct Tension Indicator Method (See manufacturer's instructions)

TENSION CALIBRATION

A hydraulic tension calibrator (e.g.- Skidmore-Wilhelm Bolt Tension Calibrator) shall

be used to validate that the tightening method used achieves required bolt
tension. (See manufacturer's instructions)

Take three fastener assemblies of each diameter, length, and grade to validate each
assembly to tension values shown in Table E-1.
Verify that the lubrication of the fastener assembly is similar to condition that will
be present when installation work is done .
Log results for the calibrated assembly.

TABLE E-1 (Reproduced from RCSC Table 7.1 & S16 Table 7)
Minimum Pre-Installation Tension Verification (kips)
Bolt Diameter (in) A325 and F1852 A490
KIPS KN KIPS KN
1/2" 13 56 16 70
5/8" 20 89 25 112
3/4" 29 131 37 165
7/8" 41 183 51 229
1" 54 238 67 299
1-1/8" 59 261 84 374
1-1/4" 75 332 107 477
1-3/8" 89 397 127 565
1-1/2" 108 481 155 691

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-6
 PRETENSION JOINTS USING "TURN-OF-NUT" METHOD
SECTION E
1. Complete pre-installation tension calibration.

2. Bring connection to "snug tight" condition. See procedure above.

Turn-of-Nut method does not require washers, unless called for on erection
drawings

3. Matchmark each nut, bolt, and steel surface at the corner of the bolt and
nut as shown in Figure E-9.

4. Using the same systematic procedure as used during the snugging phase,
rotate each nut or bolt head the required turns as shown in Table E-2.

5. These added turns can be accomplished using impact wrenches or spud

wrenches.

STEEL STEEL

Figure E-9 Rotate

BOLT HEAD NUT

BOLT END

TABLE E-2 (Reproduced from RCSC Table 8.2)

TURN-OF-NUT TIGHTENING TURNS REQUIRED (flat surfaces only)
Bolt Diam Length Turns Bolt Diam Length Turns
1/2" L < 2" 1/3 1" L < 4" 1/3
2"> L < 4" 1/2 4"> L < 8" 1/2
L > 4" 2/3 L > 8" 2/3
5/8" L < 2-1/2" 1/3 1-1/8" L < 4-1/2" 1/3
2-1/2"> L < 5" 1/2 4-1/2"> L < 9" 1/2
L > 5" 2/3 L > 9" 2/3
3/4" L < 3" 1/3 1-1/4" L < 5" 1/3
3"> L < 6" 1/2 5"> L < 10" 1/2
L > 6" 2/3 L > 10" 2/3
7/8" L < 3-1/2" 1/3 1-1/2" L < 6" 1/3
3-1/2"> L < 7" 1/2 6"> L < 12" 1/2
L > 7" 2/3 L > 12" 2/3
Tolerances: For 1/3 & 1/2 turn, + 30 degrees; For 2/3 turns + 45 degrees

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-7
CALIBRATED WRENCH INSTALLATION
SECTION E
1. At start of each day, complete pre-installation tension calibration for each
bolt assembly to be installed.
2. A hardened (F436) washer is required under turned element.
3. Bring all bolts into snug tight condition following systematic procedure.
4. Match mark the nut or chuck.
5. Holding the bolt head or nut, tighten the nut or bolt until the wrench shuts
off.
6. Verify that the wrench did achieved the rotations as shown in turn-of-nut
method within tolerances shown in Table E-2.

TWIST-OFF TENSION CONTROL BOLT INSTALLATION

Installation procedure shall follow manufacturers recommendations and as

follows;

1. At start of each day, complete pre-installation tension calibration for each

bolt assembly to be installed.
2. Bring all bolts into snug tight condition following systematic procedure.
3. Using systematic approach, tighten each assembly using installation
wrench until the bolt spline shears off.

Bolting Plates
Hard Flat Washer

Nut
Tension Control Bolt

ERECTOR NOTE:
Installation of tension control bolts may not
be possible in areas where extreme pitch,
stiffener location, beam depth or other
obstructions may occur. In these cases,
substitution of nuts and bolts tightened with
wrenches are required.

1" MIN. 3/4" DIA. BOLT

1 1/8" MIN. 7/8" DIA. BOLT
1 1/4" MIN. 1" DIA. BOLT Figure E-10

Shear wrench ( BY BLDR.) req'd for installation of tension control bolts.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-8
 SECTION E
DIRECT TENSION INDICATOR WASHER AND BOLT
INSTALLATION

Installation procedure for DTI washers shall follow manufacturers

recommendations and as follows;

1. At start of each day, complete pre-installation tension calibration for each

DTI washer and bolt assembly to be installed.

2. Bring all bolts into snug tight condition following systematic procedure.
Do not fully compress the DTI at this step. See Table below for maximum
number of feeler gage refusals at snug tight condition.

Bolt Dia. No. of Max. Refusals Feeler Gage Gap

(In) Gaps at Snug
Uncoated DTI with DTI
1/2" 4 1 .015"
placed under bolt head
3/4" 5 2
wo/ washer
7/8" 5 2
1" 6 2 Uncoated DTI's w/
1-1/8" 6 2 protrusions placed .005"
1-1/4" 7 3 against washer.
1-3/8" 7 3
1-1/2" 8 3

3. Using systematic approach with DTI washers positioned as shown, tighten

each assembly until DTI is compressed to proper inspection gap.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-9
 SECTION E
INSPECTION OF BOLTED JOINTS
GENERAL INSPECTION OF FEILD BOLTED CONNECTIONS

Installation shall be done as required by the local building official or project

professional (AHJ). Special Inspectors must be pre-approved by the AHJ. As a
minimum, bolting inspection tasks are as follows unless waved or modified by
the AHJ. Field inspection costs are not the responsibility of BBNA.

INSPECTION TASKS

QC = Quality Control tasks are to be completed by the erectors QC Inspector

(QCI).

QA = Quality Assurance tasks are to be completed by a 3rd party inspection

agency when a QA firm is required by AHJ or owner. The Quality
Assurance inspector (QAI) shall be qualified on the basis of
documentation training and experience in structural bolting inspection.

O = Observe. "Observe" is defined as; "Observe on a random basis.

Operations need not be delayed pending observations".

P = Perform these tasks for each structural bolted connection.

TABLE E-3
Inspection Tasks PRIOR to Bolting QC QA
Manufacturer's certifications available for fastener materials O P
Fasteners marked inaccordance with ASTM requirements O O
Proper fasteners selected for the joint detail (grade, type, bolt length) O O
Proper bolting procedure selected for the joint detail O O
Connection elements, including the appropriate faying surface condition O O
and hole preparation, if specified, meet applicable requirements
Pre-installation verification testing (calibration) by installation personnel P O
observed and documented for fastener assemblies and methods used
Proper storage provided for bolts, nut, washers and other fastener O O
components

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-10
 SECTION E
TABLE E-4

Inspection Tasks DURING to Bolting QC QA

Fastener assemblies, of suitable condition, placed in all holes and O O
washers (if required) are positioned as required
Joint brought to the snug-tight condition prior to the pretensioning O O
operation
Fastener component not turned by the wrench is prevented from rotating O O
Fasteners are pretensioned in accordance with Table E-1 progressing O O
systematically from the most rigid point toward the free edges

TABLE E-5
Inspection Tasks AFTER to Bolting QC QA
Document acceptance or rejection of bolted connection P P

SNUG-TIGHT CONNECTION INSPECTION

Inspection tasks in Table E-3 and E-4 are NOT required for snug-tight connections.
The QCI and QAI need not be present during installation. Inspection After Snugging
of Bolts;

Observe that firm contact has been achieved as described above in this guide.
Note: Small gaps are permitted as described above (Gaps in Joints).

Observe that nuts cannot be turned by hand on randomly selected joints.

Complete documentation tasks per Table E-5.

TURN-OF-NUT METHOD INSPECTION

Complete all tasks indicated in Tables E-3, E-4, and E-5.

Observe to verify the proper techniques of the turn-of-the-nut method.

If match marking has been used, confirm after pre-tensioning that proper rotation
has been provided per Table E-2. If match marking has been used, the QCI and
QAI need not be present during installation.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-11
 SECTION E

If no match marking is done, perform routine QCI (and QAI if required)

observation of installations to ensure proper rotation is achieved. The wrench
chuck should be marked and watched for proper rotation.

Record or mark joints and/or bolt groups that have been inspected.

CALIBRATED WRENCH METHOD INSPECTION

Complete all tasks indicated in Tables E-3, E-4, and E-5.

TURN-OF-NUT METHOD INSPECTION

Complete all tasks indicated in Tables E-3, E-4, and E-5.

Observe that spline has been properly twisted off the end of the bolt.

Record or mark joints and/or bolt groups that have been inspected.

DIRECT TENSION INDICATOR WASHER INSPECTION

Complete all tasks indicated in Tables E-3, E-4, and E-5.

Observe that DTI washer has been compressed as required. One half or more the
gaps must be compressed. All gaps need NOT be fully compressed.

Record or mark joints and/or bolt groups that have been inspected.

BOLT TIGHTENING 06/07/16

E-12
 SECTION F

FOUNDATIONS & ANCHOR RODS

All anchor rod embedment requirements and details shall be designed and
furnished by others. Rod details shown are for illustration only.

DIAGONAL METHOD
B 1. Adjust the foundation layout
lines until dimensions A & B
are equal in length. ± 1 4"
tolerance

2. Check again for correct

building length and width per
building drawings. ± 1 4"
tolerance
NOTE:

With either method, use a transit to set the top elevation of all batter boards at
required elevation.
TRANSIT METHOD
Bottom of base plate elevation 1. Locate transit exactly over
tolerance may not exceed ± 1 8" corner intersection point of
from specified elevation. string line.

2. Sight along one building

line. Rotate transit through
90° to establish adjacent
building line.
90° (±1°) 3. For accurate results,
transit must be exactly
level and properly
calibrated.

FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHOR RODS 06/07/16

F-1
 SECTION F
Anchor Rods shall be placed as shown on FOR CONSTRUCTION anchor rod plan
ONLY. DO NOT pour concrete from any other document for plans.

Form Stake
Brace forms sufficiently to
Nail template to maintain building line to
form boards building line dimensions as
specified on drawings.
Plywood Z
Template
Bottom of
base plate Form Board
Z
elev.

Plate or
Hardened Washer
(No Hooked Anchor Rods at Primary Frames).

Per foundation detail (By others).

NOTES:
NOTE:
Protect rod threads during pouring 1) Anchor rod diameter and setting
of concrete. dimensions are shown on the detailed
anchor rod layout plan.

2) Mark form for template location before

pouring. Set anchor rods and attach
templates after screeding.

3) Z Dim. Tolerance Prior to pouring, verify

as follow.
Z/Dim (Bay to Bay) not to exceed 14".

Accumulated variation in Z Dim. < 14"

per 100ft, Not to exceed 1".

FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHOR RODS 06/07/16

F-2
 SECTION F
IMPORTANT:

All reinforcing steel for foundation walls, footings, grout, tie rods, hair pins, wire mesh, or
any other steel used specifically for concrete application shall be designed and furnished by
others. All reinforcing steel shown in this manual is for illustrative purposes only.

Projection
Form Board X determined
Mark for
Plywood ±1/8" by anchor
locating
template rod setting
template
plan.
(as
shown)
Z Bottom of
Y base plate
± 1/8" Y elev. ± 1/8"
Z See Sec. G
for shimming
X instructions.
± 1/8" Plate or
Form
Building hardened washer
Board Line
Anchor
Plan Section
Rod

Minimum Rod Thread Engagement

Top of anchor rod must be at least flush with top of nut.
Additional Anchor Rod length may be required when grout is
required

Nut

Anchor
Rod

FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHOR RODS 06/07/16

F-3
 SECTION F
Base
angle
or base
member

2" Attach to floor with 1 4" dia.

power actuated concrete
anchor (or other approved
methods). Space anchors as
shown on erection drawings
and details.

NOTE:
Fastener should be located as
far from outside edge of slab
Concrete as is reasonable to prevent
BL concrete spalling.

FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHOR RODS 06/07/16

F-4
 SECTION G
ERECTION PROCEDURE / PRIMARY FRAMING

Move braces as steel is erected.

*IMPORTANT* keep
purlins/girts in tension as
erection progresses,
by "LEAP FROGGING" braces.
Do not erect more than two bays
ahead of the temporary braces.
Temporary
Bracing STEP ONE
1. Check anchor rod plan and erection
drawings for special conditions.

2. Stand column, install anchor rod nuts

and temporary bracing. Install girts,
flange braces, and all bolts.

3. The number of girts and temporary

bracing required to secure columns
shall be determined by erector.
NOTE:

1. Plan to erect a braced bay first. Usually this is the first interior bay from either end
of the building.
2. Refer to the bolt tightening section (Section E) for acceptable methods of tightening
bolts.
3. Bolt in place as many clips and flange braces as possible before raising frame to
reduce in-the-air erection time.
4. It is the responsibility of the erector to provide temporary erection bracing until the
structure is complete.
5. It is highly recommended that the erector consult with the overall project
professional for advice on temporary bracing procedures.

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-1
 SECTION G

STEP TWO
1. Raise first rafter beam and
haunch frame section into place.
All high strength bolts are to be
snug tightened before raising.

2. Hold in place until this section is

Temporary bracing secured to columns and
per building frame temporary bracing is tied off to
requirements. hold frame in place.

3. If interior columns are present,

install temporary bracing at
interior columns, in addition to
braces shown.
ASSEMBLE ROOF BEAM SECTIONS

BOLTING ROOF BEAM SECTIONS TOGETHER

Rigid frame roof beams are shipped in two or more
sections which must be bolted together at the jobsite.
Layout and block up roof beams in the relative
position of assembly. Butt sections together and align
holes in the ridge plates, then bolt up. Draw bolts up
evenly. When assembling frames on the ground, it is
recommended that bolts be installed to the "snug
tight" condition. After frames are lifted into position,
tighten to "pretension" condition, if required.

See Section E for bolt installation and shimming requirements.

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-2
 SECTION G
Primary Frame Assembly
Shown below are methods which may be used for rigging slings for lifting roof beam
assemblies.

NOTE: Regardless of the method you use, make sure it is suitable and adequate
for the job when considering the weight and size of the roof beam
assemblies and hoisting equipment available. Roof beam sections are
blocked up to facilitate assembly and to enable other parts to be
attached.

Structural
I
Spreader

Two-Point
Sling

Flying
Three-Point Connection
Sling With
Adjustable
Center Leg
G

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-3
 SECTION G

Spud
I

Roof
Beam

SLING WITH SOFTENER

Block between flanges to avoid damage

to roof beam. Softeners should be used NOTE
at the sling connections to avoid Beam clamps can be effectively used to
damaging the chokers. facilitate the handling of roof beams.
Beam clamps attached to the top flange
After the sling is secured to the roof of the beams permit the beam to hang
beam assembly, make a test lift to naturally in a vertical position. A choker
determine if the sling is properly wrapped around the beam lifts from the
positioned. Insert a spud through the bottom and the beam is easily
hole in the roof beam flange at the sling unbalanced.
connections to prevent sling from
slipping. The sling is correctly positioned
when test lift indicates minimum frame
distortion. Note the location of the sling
connections for positioning on the
remaining roof beam assemblies. While 25 TO
N CA
P

the roof beam assembly is still accessible

from the ground, connect tag lines and
guy lines for guiding the roof beam into
place and tying off the rigid frame after
erection.
Beam Clamp
Avoid inducing impact to roof beams
when lifting or setting on the columns.

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-4
 SECTION G

SETTING ROOF BEAM ON COLUMN

(Face bolted connections similar)

Raise the roof beam assembly slowly and guide

into position so roof beam flanges are aligned with
column flanges and bolt in place.
USE OF SPUD WRENCH FOR
ALIGNING HOLES

A spud wrench will be useful for aligning

the holes. Secure the guy lines to
stabilize the frame before releasing the
crane.

CAUTION
Be very careful when tilting the
assembled roof beams into a vertical
position to avoid twisting which can
damage the flanges.

CAUTION:
Beams will have a tendency
to roll over until secondary and flange
braces are installed. Do not release
lifting rigging until beams are
stabilized.

First frame completed and

anchored with guy lines.

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-5
 SECTION G

STRUT PURLINS

STEP THREE
1. Raise second haunch and roof beam
frame section.

2. Hold in place until this section is bolted

to columns, and lead purlins have been
Temporary attached.
Bracing
3. Add brace near strut purlin, keeping
strut purlin in tension until purlin
can be stabilized with intermediate
NOTE:
channel braces or sheeting.
It is the responsibility of the erector to
provide adequate temporary bracing. 4. Continue to "Leap Frog" temp. braces
as additional frames and purlin struts
are installed.

STEP FOUR
1. Bolt in place all remaining eave
members, purlins and girts of the
braced bay.

Temporary 2. Install brace rods and flange braces.

Bracing
3. Square and plumb braced bay before
erecting adjacent bays.

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-6
 SECTION G

C
D
D
A
D

C Transit
Location
STEP FIVE
Temporary 1. Locate transit as shown above (In
Bracing This Particular Case Slightly To
B The Left Of The First Rigid Frame).

2. Make sure transit is perfectly level.

3. Rotate transit until you get the same

Flush w/ exact tape reading at points A & B
Web (Base Of Column.) Measure from web
of column.

4. Lock horizontal rotation of transit.

Read With 5. Adjust rod bracing and temporary

Transit bracing until the tape reading at points
A & B is obtained at all points indicated
on above sketch. Take all readings
from web of member.
500
1 6. Columns shall be plumb at points C to
+ + within; height (IN)/500.

500 500 EX. 25ft x 12 = ± 58"

1 1 500

+ + 7. Beams shall be straight from column

to column (field splices Points D) to;
500 span (IN)/500.
1

+ +
Field Splices + Support Points

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-7
 SECTION G

STEP SIX
1. Proceed with the erection of the
remaining frames.

2. Plumb frames in longitudinal direction

Temporary using similar procedure described in
Bracing STEP 5. (Tolerance; <_ Height/500)

NOTE:
Remove temporary bracing only after all
paneling has been installed.

STEP SEVEN

1. Complete erection of all primary &

secondary components.

2. Note that after completion of all

secondary framing in one end bay,
attachment of roof panels may
commence and be worked in
conjunction with the completion of
primary & secondary framing.

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-8
 SECTION G
COLUMN BASE SHIMMING

Column bases may be shimmed to adjust for

concrete, erection, and fabrication tolerances to
accommodate fitup of other members and plumbing
/ leveling.

Leveling of pinned base columns can be

accomplished by placement of steel shims under the
column base plates shown in Figure G-1.

Erector to supply rectangular shim plates. Shim Shims under Pinned Base Plate
packs may be used (I.E.- multiple shim plates may
be stacked to desired thickness).

Shimming between multiple rows of anchor rods is

not require as shown in Figure G-1. Place shim
packs from edge of base plate to anchor rod as
shown. Shims plates shall be same width as base
plate.

Figure G-1
Threads of nuts must be fully engaged on anchor
rod. End of rod must be at least flush with top of
nut. See Figure G-2.

Rod must be
At least flush
Nut
Washer

Shims Figure G-2

Anchor Rod

PRIMARY FRAMING 06/07/16

G-9
 SECTION H
Secondary Installation
Lap Bolts - Recommended procedure for
safe installation of girts.
Erector option to use other
OSHA compliant methods.

- Attach 1st member to clip

w/bolt and retainer as shown
in Detail A.

- Install 2nd member over 1st

member and retained bolt.
Detail A
- Install remaining bolts and
nuts to complete the lapped
joint.
Bolt Retainer (97635)
Standard girt connection Commercially available, or
shown. Flipped connections may be purchased thru BBNA.
similar, but opposite ORIENTATION IS CRITICAL:
direction. Install bolt retainer on bolt
Girt Clip with prongs out..

Girts

WALL GIRT BLOCKING

Temporary blocking of girts is
required to ensure girts are
straight and level prior to
installation of panels.

Column

Girts and Purlins shall be

installed to L/500 straightness
tolerance. Temporary Blocking
@ Midbay
EX. 25ft x 12 = ± 58" Blocking provided by
500 erector.

SECONDARY FRAMING 06/07/16

H-1
 SECTION H
Standard & Flipped Secondary Orientations
Flipped Zee
Purlin

Standard
Zee Purlin

Erection drawings will indicate

when purlins or girts are
required to be "flipped". See
Standard illustration for standard
Zee Girt orientation versus "flipped"
orientation.

All secondary connections

need only be tightened to
"snug tight" condition unless
Flipped Zee stated otherwise on erection
Girt drawings, including:
Zee/Cee purlins
Zee/Cee girts
Framed opening members
Truss purlins
Flipped Cee Bar joists
Girt Flange braces
Bolted clips @ secondary
connections
See Section E for tightening
Standard instructions.
Cee Girt
Washers over slotted holes in
secondary members are not
required per AISI.
BL

GIRT/PURLIN ORIENTATION

SECONDARY ORIENTATION 06/07/16

H-2
 SECTION H
ROOF PURLIN BLOCKING
Roof panel bundles are often located on the
Blocking roof structurals prior to installation.

This procedure can cause damage if

Panel Bundle
the bundles are located over unsupported
areas. If the bundles are to be located on
the roof structurals, adhere to the following
blocking procedure.

Purlin 1. All structurals, flange bracing, permanent

and temporary bracing, etc. must be in
place and plumb. Tighten bolts before
Frame blocking is installed and panel bundles are
placed on the roof.
Girt
2. Panel bundles should only be located over
centerlines of frames, not over jack beams
or jack trusses.

Purlin

Roof Beam
2" X 6" Blocking
Blocking must be 2" X 6" in
Purlin Depth size to provide the restraint
Minus 3/4"
required, or larger. Blocking
provided by erector.

ALTERNATE
BLOCKING METHOD
(SEE NOTE 5)

SECONDARY FRAMING 06/07/16

H-3
 SECTION H

3. Blocking should be installed between all purlins

at frames where bundles are to be located.
Length of blocking should be equal to purlin spacing.

4. Remove blocking after panels are installed.

5. When the alternate blocking method is used, the

same procedures must be followed.

Purlin Blocking at ridge

spacing

Blocking
Frame

Cross Section
(Blocking Is Furnished By Erector)

Install all purlin channel braces or sag bracing BEFORE

installing roof panels. See erection drawings for locations
and details.

SECONDARY FRAMING 06/07/16

H-4
 SECTION H
SECONDARY TRUSS PURLIN INSTALLATION
BlueScope Building's widebay
truss purlins are factory bolted
assemblies of cold-form light
gauge components and are
proprietary to BlueScope
Buildings NA. As typical of any
long span member, maintaining
stability during erection is critical
to safety and efficiency.

While TP's are NOT bar joists,

most OSHA erection safety
requirements and erection
sequences required by OSHA
also apply to TP's.

UNLOADING & SORTING

TP's are delivered in bundles in
sequence order for each bay.
Bundles should be located as
near as possible to where shown
on bundle layout drawings to
minimize handling.

PANELIZED ERECTION (Super Set)

When sufficient equipment is available, panelized erection techniques are most
efficient. Assemble an entire bay module on the ground and lift entire assembly at
once.

SECONDARY FRAMING 06/07/16

H-5
 SECTION H
Install ALL components including;

Rafters sections, all TP's, flange braces, top and bottom chord bridging, cross
bridging, roof rod braces (if required in the bay), and tighten all bolts to snug tight
condition.

Once assembled, the entire bay module is lifted into place. When using one crane
to make the lift, be sure to use appropriate spreader bars to lift both rafter
sections with approximately vertical picks.

STICK ERECTION

When installing TP's individually, both TP seats

MUST BE bolted to the frame PRIOR to
releasing hoist cable. If seats are welded,
then welding must be completed before
releasing hoist cables.

When erecting individual pieces, preassemble

cross braced TP'S on the ground as shown.
These are the terminus points for all other
TP's in each bay. Be sure tag ends are on
same end and installed per drawings.

SECONDARY FRAMING 06/07/16

H-6
 SECTION H

Install terminus TP's first then fill in other TP's tying them together with horizontal
bridging as installation progresses.

DO'S AND DON'TS

Out-of Straightness erection tolerance - L/500

Follow all requirements found in the OSHA Regulations.

No load is premitted on any truss purlin other than the weight of one
person until all bridging is installed.

AFTER all bridging is installed and tied off to terminus brace temporary
construction loads may be loaded onto TP's over primary frames extending
evenly either side of primary frame. Total uniform weight (PSF) shall not
exceed design uniform load shown on drawings.

DO NOT cut or modify TP's in any way.

DO NOT weld to TP's unless approved by engineering.

DO NOT loosen or remove factory installed bolts. Factory installed bolts are
installed with specially designed calibrated tightening tools specifically
designed for the specialized proprietary hardware used in the assembly.

For hanging loads from TP's, see erection drawing B-081769 for details.

SECONDARY FRAMING 06/07/16

H-7
 ROD BRACING SECTION I
Rod braces shall be tightened snugly such
that the rod does not sag more than
(Inches)/500.
Brace rod with
hillside assembly. EX. 35ft rod X 12 = + 13"
16
500
Long rods may require intermediate
support from roof secondary members to
reduce sag.

Wall Brace
Rod
Primary
Frame
WALL BRACE DETAIL

Note Tongue of
Hillside (Beveled) Brace rod with
Washer hillside assembly.
ROOF BRACE
4" Min. DETAIL
Web Girt Support
Channels (if
present)

Wall Brace Rod

SECTION A-A

Field slot the sidewall

girt at inset girt
condition.

Primary
Frame Brace rod with
hillside assembly.
"A"
Maximum 2" X 4"
Base Plate slot. Do not cut into
Varies
girt flange.
"A"
WALL BRACE WALL BRACE DETAIL
DETAIL THRU INSET GIRT

ROD BRACING 06/07/16

I-1
 SECTION I

Rod bracing "assembly" mark numbers are indicated on erection drawings. These mark
numbers define all the parts needed to make up the "assembly". "Assemblies" that require
more than one rod will be shipped bundled together with the "assembly" part mark attached.
Assembly codes and required parts are shown below.
Typical "Assembly" Generated Mark Number (Example)
ROD BRACING
03RS2510 Means 3/8" diam rod: RS assembly code: 25'-10" long
I E * * F F I I F = FEET I = INCHES E = EIGHTHS
DIA LENGTH

"RS" ROD BRACE ASSEMBLY

("RT" ASSEMBLY SIMILAR)

WEB HEX NUT

WASHER "A"
ROD WASHER "B"
HILLSIDE WASHER

COUPLING NUT PROVIDED

WHEN ROD LENGTH
>40ft.

REFER TO "PRIMARY BRACING SED'S"

FOR ROD HARDWARE PART NUMBERS.

Ship Loose - (Hillside

Washer, (2) Flat Washers Ship Loose - (Hillside
Washer, (2) Flat Washers
& Hex Nut)
& Hex Nut) Clevis

6" 6" 6" 6" 4"

Rod Length Rod Length
(As Shown On Erection Drawings) (As Shown On Erection Drawings)
RS RODS THREAD BOTH ENDS RT RODS
WITHOUT TURNBUCKLE CLEVIS ONE END

ROD BRACING 06/07/16

I-2
 SECTION I
"RU" ROD BRACE ASSEMBLY

Clevis Cotter Pin

Clevis Pin
Turnbuckle
2ft Connector Rod
-LH-RH Treaded
-When Shipped Separately,
Part Mark= _ _ RV0200

COUPLING NUT
PROVIDE WHEN
> 40FT ROD
REFER TO "PRIMARY BRACING SED'S"
FOR ROD HARDWARE PART NUMBERS.

Clevis Clevis

4" 6" 6" 4"

Rod Length
(As Shown On Erection Drawings)
RU RODS CLEVIS BOTH ENDS

THREAD PROTECTION REFERENCE KEY FOR ROD BRACING

SLEEVE COLOR ROD DIAMETER
BLUE 3/8"
BLACK 1/2"
RED 5/8"
YELLOW 3/4"
ORANGE 7/8"
GREEN 1"
WHITE 1 1/8"
ROD BRACE THREAD PROTECTION
COLOR CODE KEY

ROD BRACING 06/07/16

I-3
 SECTION J
CRANE RUNWAY ALIGNMENT
CRANE SYSTEMS MUST BE INSTALLED IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH
CRANE MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS. ALL STEEL SUPPORT FRAMING
MUST BE PLUMBED AND ALIGNED CAREFULLY FOR PROPER
OPERATIONS.
IF CRANE MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS CONFLICT WITH
INSTRUCTIONS BELOW, THE STRICTER INSTRUCTIONS SHALL GOVERN.

Crane support columns shall be erected plumb not to exceed ± 3/8" from
column base to crane beam elevation.
Crane runway beams shall be installed to tolerances shown in Table A.
below.
Crane rails shall be aligned as shown in Figure J-1. Bearing pads under rails
are highly recommended to reduce vibration and noise.

RAIL ALIGNMENT
TO BEAM
±.75 x t

Fig. J-1 RAIL ALIGNMENT

Absolutely NO FIELD WELDING is allowed unless

specifically shown on drawings or authorized by
a registered engineer. Weld metal and base
metal fatigue shall be considered in weld design.

Crane operations cause vibrations in building

components. Bearing pads, clamps, and ties (by others) may be
required to minimize vibration noise.

Construction tolerances in concrete elevations, steel fabrication tolerances,

and erection tolerances may require field shimming of crane support beams
to achieve proper elevation and alignment.

CRANE SUPPORT 06/07/16

J-1
 TABLE A Maximum
Tolerance Rate of
Item CRANE RUNWAY BEAM ERECTION Change

CL WEB
L=L-A L
Span L=L+A Theoretical A=3/8" 1/4" per 20'
(Max) Support Points (Min)
Span
(Typical)

CL WEB B

Straightness B=3/8" 1/4" per 20'

Support Points Theoretical CL
(Typical) B

Top of beam for top running crane.

Bottom of beam for underhung crane.C

Elevation C=3/8" 1/4" per 20'

Support Points Theoretical Height
(Typical) C

Beam to Beam D=3/8" 1/4" per 20'

Top Running
Top Running

E
Beam to Beam
Underhung E=3/8" 1/4" per 20'

Underhung

Adjacent
Beams F=1/8" NA

F
Top Running Underhung

Ref: AISC Design Guide 7

CRANE SUPPORT 06/07/16

J-2
 SECTION J
SHIMMING
Shimming may be necessary for runway beam height adjustments and vertical
alignment. Shimming is considered to be part of erection process.

Shim beam if height difference > 1/8".

Flat shim plate(s) with length,

width, and holes to match
Runway beams
w/flange tilt gap
Crane Support As Req'd
Column or Bracket >1/16",shimming
required.
Length Of
Bearing

.060" finger shims as needed

to fill gaps. Gaps <1/16" need
not be shimmed. Crane Support
Flange Tilt Shim Detail Column or Bracket

Column bases are recommended to be double nut Anchor Rods and grouted after runway
system is installed and leveled.

See Chapter G for column base shimming for column bases.

After all crane supports and rails are installed and all bolts are fully tightened to
pre-tensioned load, ping thread with chisel to prevent nuts from loosening due to
vibrations.

CRANE SUPPORT 06/07/16

J-3
 SECTION K

FIELD WELDING
Field welded joints must be done in strict compliance with BBNA erection
drawings, and the appropriate welding specification shown below.

IN USA IN CANADA
AWS D1.1- Structural Welding Code - CSA W59 - Welding Steel Construction
Steel (metal arc welding)
AWS D1.3- Structural Welding Code - AWS D1.3- Structural Welding Code -
Sheet Steel Sheet Steel

Field welds must be done by certified welders qualified and approved

for type of welding, joints, and position required.

In USA, the contractor is responsible for preparing a Welding

Procedure Specification (WPS).

In CANADA, the contractor is responsible for preparing Welding

Procedure Data Sheet (WPDS).

WPS / WPDS forms and welder qualification certificates must be kept at the
job site and made available upon request. In joints where the required
procedure is not a pre-qualified joint, a Procedure Qualification Report (PQR)
with appropriate testing must be prepared to qualify the weld procedure.

When specified on erection drawings, cost for field welding, qualification costs,
inspection costs, or NDT tests are not the responsibility of BBNA.

FIELD WELDING 06/07/16

K-1
 SECTION K

WELDING THRU COATINGS

AWS D1.1 Sec 5.15 provides that: "... welded surfaces be free from loose or
thick scale, slag, rust, moisture , grease, and other foreign material that
would prevent proper welding or produce objectionable fumes. Mill scale
that can withstand vigorous wire brushing, a thin rust-inhibitive coating, or
antispatter compound may remain with the following exception: for girders
in cyclically loaded structures, all mill scale shall be removed from surfaces
on which flange-to-web welds are to be made."

Field welding thru BBNA standard shop coat and pre-galvanized steel is permitted.
BBNA shop coat is a nominal 1.0 mil (.001") coating and galvanized surfaces (i.e.-
up to G90 coating , .002") are considered to comply with the "thin rust-inhibitive
coating" criteria anticipated by AWS.

Post fabricated hot dipped galvanized members with thicker coating (i.e.->.002")
has the potential of zinc entering the liquid weld metal causing cracking. Hot dip
coatings must be ground off before welding.

Infrequent field welding of galvanized or shop coated members in open areas is not
a health risk or hazardous issue. However vented welding hoods or other fume
evacuation methods are recommended.

When field welding thru coatings, the coating is destroyed in the area of welding
and must be touched up after metal has cooled.

INSPECTION OF FIELD WELDED JOINTS

Inspection shall be done as required by the local building official or project
professional (AHJ). As a minimum, weld inspection tasks are as follows unless
waved or modified by the AHJ. Field inspection costs are not the responsibility of
BBNA.

FIELD WELDING 06/07/16

K-2
 SECTION K

Inspection Tasks

QC = Quality Control tasks are to be completed by the erectors QC

Inspector (QCI). QC personnel shall be qualified to satisfaction of erector's
QC program and as a minimum with any of the following;

Associate welding inspectors (AWI) or higher per AWS B5.1, Standard

for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.

Current or previous certification as an AWS Certified Welding

Inspector (CWI) per AWS QC1.

Currrent or previous certification as a CWB Welding Inspector per CSA

W178.2

An individual who, by training or experience, or both, in metals

fabrication, inspection and testing, is competent to perform inspection
work.

QA = Quality Assurance task are to be completed by a 3rd party inspection

agency when a QA firm is required by AHJ or owner. The QA firm must be
pre-approved by the AHJ. Quality Assurance Inspectors (QAI) shall be
qualified to satisfaction of QA agency's written practice.

O = Observe. "Observe" is defined as; "Observe on a random basis.

Operations need not be delayed pending these inspections.

P = Perform these tasks for each welded joint or member.

FIELD WELDING 06/07/16

K-3
 SECTION K
Table K-1
Inspection Tasks PRIOR to Welding QC QA
Welding procedure specifications (WPS or WPDS) available P P
Manufacturer certifications for welding consumables available P P
Material Identification (type/grade) O O
Welder identification system (the erector shall maintain a system
by which a welder who has welded a joint can be identified) O O
Fit-up of groove welds (including joint geometry)
Joint preparation
Dimensions (alignment, root opening, root face, bevel)
Cleanliness (condition of steel surfaces) O O
Tacking (tack weld quality and location)
Backing type and fit (if applicable)
Configuration and finish of access holes O O
Fit-up of fillet welds
Dimensions (alignment, gaps at root) O O
Cleanliness (condition of steel surfaces)
Tacking (tack weld quality and location)
Check welding equipment O --

Table K-2
Inspection Tasks DURING Welding QC QA
Use of qualified welders O O
Manufacturer certifications for welding consumables available
Packaging O O
Exposure control
No welding over cracked tack welds O O
Environmental conditions
Wind speed within limits O O
Precipitation and temperature
WPS followed
Settings on welding equipment
Travel speed
Selected welding materials O O
Shielding gas type/flow rate
Preheat applied

FIELD WELDING 06/07/16

K-4
 SECTION K

Inspection Tasks DURING Welding QC QA

Welding techniques
Interpass and final cleaning
O O
Each pass within profile limitations
Each pass meets quality requirements

Table K-3
Inspection Tasks AFTER Welding QC QA
Welds cleaned O O
Size, length and location of welds P P

Welds meet visual acceptance criteria

Crack prohibition
Weld/base-metal fusion
Weld profiles P P
Weld size
Undercut
Porosity
Arc strikes P P
k-area. When welding in k-are of hot rolled shapes, visually P P
inspect the web k-area for cracks within 3" of weld
Backing removal and weld tabs removed (if required) P P
Repair activities P P
Document acceptance or rejection of welded joints P P

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

NDT testing of field applied welds (other than visual), when required, shall
be performed by QA Agency (3rd party) by qualified NDT personnel for the
type of NDT specified.

FIELD WELDING 06/07/16

K-5
 Design and recommended installation procedures
are subject to change at any time, due to continued
development work by Varco Pruden Buildings.
•••
All panels formed from light gauge metal may
exhibit waviness, also known as “Oil-Canning,”
commonly occurring in, but not restricted to, flat
portions of a panel. This inherent characteristic
is not a defect of material or manufacturing and
is not cause for rejection.
•••
For field installation questions, call your local VP
Service Center. The job number is included on all
building plans:
Arkansas: ...................................870-534-6030
California:....................................209-667-4951
Missouri:.....................................816-238-7550
North Carolina:............................336-996-4801
Wisconsin:...................................608-882-5000

Varco Pruden Buildings, 3200 Players Club Circle, Memphis, TN 38125 4001 Basic Erection Guide
©BlueScope Buildings North America, Inc. All rights reserved. Form: EG-901902 Issue Date: 1968
Varco Pruden Buildings® is a division of BlueScope Buildings North America, Inc. Revision: 10 Revised: 6/16