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Wooden Lintels

Lintels and arches are used to support masonry above openings. Lintels act like beams and transfer the load vertically to supporting walls, while arches use wedge-shaped blocks that mutually support each other and resist pressure from supports at the ends. Common lintel materials include wood, stone, brick, and reinforced concrete, with reinforced concrete being most durable and able to span larger distances. Arches are composed of voussoirs that support each other, with the abutments and springing line transferring pressure to the piers. Technical terms define arch components like the intrados, extrados, voussoirs, springing, crown, and keystone. Common arch types include flat, semicircular, and

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116 views3 pages

Wooden Lintels

Lintels and arches are used to support masonry above openings. Lintels act like beams and transfer the load vertically to supporting walls, while arches use wedge-shaped blocks that mutually support each other and resist pressure from supports at the ends. Common lintel materials include wood, stone, brick, and reinforced concrete, with reinforced concrete being most durable and able to span larger distances. Arches are composed of voussoirs that support each other, with the abutments and springing line transferring pressure to the piers. Technical terms define arch components like the intrados, extrados, voussoirs, springing, crown, and keystone. Common arch types include flat, semicircular, and

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LINTELS

Opening for doors, windows or cupboards must be bridged over by some means to support the
masonry above. The support to the load above the opening is usually given by providing an arch
or a lintel. Lintel acts like a beam and transfer the load vertically to the supporting walls. The
end of the lintel are built into the minatory so as to convey the weight carried by them to the
masonry in jambs.

CLASSIFICATION OF LINTELS OF MATERIALS:


1. WOODEN LINTELS: In hilly areas, where timber suitable for the construction of lintel is easily
available, wooden lintels are commonly used, In plans, the use of wooden lintel is very rare on account
of high cost of material.

2. STONE LINTELS: The use of stone lintel is very common in stone districts. Its use is usually confined
to stone masonry structure on building face with stones. In general, stone lintels, on account of its high
cost its inability to withstand excessive transverse stresses is rarely used.

3. BRICK LINTELS: They are constructed with hard, well burnt, first class bricks laid on end. Or an edge.

4. REINFORCED BRICK LINTELS: When brick lintels are required to be provided over large space they
are reinforced with steel reinforcement.

5. REINFORCED CONCRETE LINTELS: On account of their durability, strength and fire resisting
properties, reinforced concrete lintels are very common in use. They are economical and easy in
construction. They can be used for bigger spans and heavy loading condition. R.C.C lintels are
constructed with 1:2:4 cement concrete reinforced with steel bars. They may be pre cast or cast in site.
For smaller spans, say up to 12m,pre-cast lintel are proffered.

6. STEEL LINTELS: When a large opening carrying heavy wall load is to be spanned by a lintels. R.C
lintels will work out to be very deep. If due to architectural reasons, the depth of the lintels is to be
restricted, it is common to use lintels.
ARCH
An arch may be defined as mechanical arrangement o wedge shaped blocks of stones or bricks
of their shape, mutually supporting each other and supported at the end by pier on
abutments .In common with lintels, the function of an arch is to carry the weight of the
structure above the opening because of their shape, the block support can each other by the
mutual pressure of theirown weight and the structure remains in position by resistance from
the support.

TECHNICAL TERMS

1. ABUTMENT: On pier is the part of the walls or pier on which the arch rest.

2. INTRADES: Or soffit is the under-surface of an arch.

3. EXTRADES: is the outer surface of an arch or the outer curve of the arch ring.

4. VOUSSIORS: or arch blocks or arch stones are the wedged shaped units forming the arch.

5. SPRINGING: is an imaginary line joining the two springing points.

6. CROWN: is the highest point of the extrados or it is the highest parts of an arch.

7. KEY STONES: is the highest central wedged shaped block of an arch.

8. SPAN: is the clean horizontal distance between the supports.

9. RISE: is the vertical distance between the springing line and the highest point on the intrudes.

10. HAUNCH: of the arch is the portion of the arch situated centrally between the key and skew backs.

TYPES OF ARCHES
1.Flat arches

2. Semi-circular arch

3. Segmental arch
In addition, there are Various other types like elliptical arch, parabolic arch, four- centered arch or Tudor
arch, fine centered arch, points arch, etc.

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